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英 語(筆記) (解答番号L 1 」~Eコ) 第1問 次の問い(A・B)に答えよ。(配点 14) A 次の問い(問1~4)において, 下線部の発音が, ほかの三つの場合と異なるも のを, それぞれ①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 問1 l 1 l ① b空t ② g空so ③ Pr空f ④ w空1 問2 [ 2 」 ① bread並 ② fait!1 ③ long出 ④ smoo史 問3 l 3 」 ① 望n ② heart ③ pearl ④ search 問4 、_4 、 ① leijure ② mea三ure ③ phy三ics ④ vi2ion B 次の問い(問1~3)において, 与えられた語と第一アクセント(第一強勢)の位 置が同じ語を, それぞれ下の①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 問1 damage[ 5 ] ①convince ②effort 問2recommendL6」 ①gua1-antee②museum 問3 fortunately l 7 I ①appreciate②elevator ③prefer ④throughout ③objective ④satisfy ③manufacture④sympathetic 第2問次の問い(A~C)に答えよ。(配点41) A次の問い(問1~10)のL8 」~[ 17」に入れるのに最も適当なものを,そ れそ、れ下の①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 問1“HaveyouhandedintheEnglishassignment?” “No,but I m halfway[ 8 ]lt.” ①ac1-oss ②around ③over ④through 問2Ihavetogetmycommuterpassrenewedbecauseit[ 9 ]tomorrow. ①activates ②conceives ③expires ④interferes 問3Isitpossibleforyoutopostponetoday s meeting l 10]next Wednesday? ①by ②in ③on ④until 問4Iwastalkedmbuyingabigcarbymysister. ①about ②away from③out of ④to 問5IfIhadn tbrokenupwithHannahlastmonth,Imgoingoutwith herfortwoyears. ①had been ②have been ③will have been ④would have been 問6Thepuppyattherescuecente1・1ookedhappytohavebeen「13 ]by the little girl. ①choice ②choose ③chose ④chosen 問7 “Why did Jack (1uit his job?” He wanted to「14 ]his dream of opening his own calc.” ① come true ② increase ③ make sure ④ realize 問8 In my school,when a [ 15 l teacher is absent,another teacher teaches the class instead. ①common ③regular ② different ④ retired 問9 “Going through all the steps to adjust the brightness of my computer screen is a real nuisance.” “Well,why don t you dolt the easy way?Just press this key.That s the [ 16 ].” ① shortcut ② shortened ③ shorthand ④ sho1-tsighted 問10 After many years of war,the country has lost much of its power. [ 17 ],its influence should not be underestimated. ① Even so ② Even though ③ So ④ Thus B 次の問い(問1~3)の会話の[ 18 ]~「 20 lに入れるのに最も適当なもの を, それぞれ下の①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 問1 問2 Yuko You 11 never guess what my husband bought me for my birthday. Bethany What? Yuko He bought me exactly the same thing as last year. Bethany [ 18 ] ① It must have cost you an arm and a leg. ② Oh,well. At least he remembered your birthday ③ On second thought,I ve decided not to accept lt. ④ Well,you never could keep within your budget. Mr.Zhang Mr.Koshinoisleavingour section the day after tomorrow. Mr.0ta Really?That s a bit sudden. Why? Mr.Zhang Well,mi heard he will become the new security chief Mr.0ta I see. My lips are sealed. ① he s just paying lip service ② I 11 see what I can do. ③ just between you and me, ④ more haste,less speed, 問3 Science teacher OK class,you have two glass beakers in front of you one beakerofoilandone beaker half full of water. Now, gently pour some of theoilintothe beake1-of water. What happens? Student Well,I can see that L 20 ]. Science teacher Yes,that s right. They are separate ① theoildoesn t mix with the water ② the oil quarrels with the water ③ the water changed to oil ④ the water is strongly attracted to the oil C 次の問い(問1~3)において, それぞれ下の語句を並べかえて空所を補い, 文 を完成させよ。解答は[ 21 ]~[ 26 jに入れるものの番号のみを答えよ。 た だし, 文頭に置かれる語句も小文字で与えられている。 問1 Something you wrote in an email upset your friend. You could ask what had upset her by saying Could you my email? ① made ④ tell [ 21 ] ② me ⑤ what I 22 l ③so upset ⑥you with 問2 You borrowed800 yen from your friend for lunch yesterday. When you pay the money back,you could say This is ①fo1- ④the800 yen 問 3 “ ②I ⑤yesterday s L26J ③ owe ⑥ you lunch your vacation?Ithoughtyouweren t sure.” “I decided yesterday.” ①decide ②did ③going ④when ⑤where ⑥you ⑦you re for 第3問 次の問い(A~C)に答えよ。 (配点 46) A 次の問い(問1 ・問2)の英文を読み, 下線部の語句の意味をそれそれの文章か ら推測し, l 27 I ・ l 28 」に入れるのに最も適当なものを, それぞれ下の ①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 問 1 Bob Wow! You have so many books! You must really love to read. Alice Yeah,actually I need a bookshelf,but I can t afford the one I want yet. In the meantime,I ve made a makeshiftoneoutof wood and bricks. I know it s not big enough, doesn t look vet-y nice, and isn t very stable, but.... In this dialogue makeshift means l 27 ]. ① beautifully made ② not available at the moment ③ not for pennanent use ④ quite expensive 問2 Over there is Mrs.Ferret,as usual in vintage jeans. She has more pairs of vintage jeans than anyone I know. Every time I see her,she s wearing a different pair. She really does seem to have a penchant for vintage jeans. In this passage,have a penchant for means ①be careful of ②be doubtful of ③be fond of ④be proud of l 28 」 B 次の英文は, 地域の公開討論会で行われた高齢者問題についての議論の一部で ある。 l 29 ]~l 31 Iに入れるのに最も適当なものを, それぞれ下の①~④ のうちから一つずつ選べ。 Chair Today s discussion is about how younger people should communicate with the elderly. We invited three panelists Dr. McDonald,a medical doctor,and Mr.Johnson and Ms.West, whoare1-esea1-chers specializing in gerontology,or the study of the elderly. Mr.Johnson,can you start our discussion? Mr.Johnson Certainly. I often notice people communicate in a particular way with the elderly. People exaggerate their ways of speaking, for instance,by using aloud voice. Sometimes people speak as if they were talking toa child,but I wonder if older people really like this. In my observations at senior centers,even doctors and nurses employ this particular way of speaking. However,I wonder if this is a good way to communicate with them. Chair That s an interesting observation. You re saying that [ 29 ].What do you think,Dr.McDonald? ① doctors and nurses often use too many technical expressions ② many elderly people are comfortable when they speak to doctors ③ medical professionals also speak differently to the elderly ④ some people can t communicate without speaking like children Dr.McDonald Well,as doctors,we have to be considerate when we talk to patients. We should adjust how we communicate with older people to make sure they understand what we say. Often,they can t hear well,so it s important to speak to them slowly and clearly. They need to understand us,so they can respond to questions we may have. I m sure they re grateful when they re addressed in this manner. I feel that when you meet a person who appears tobeold,you should always show consideration by speaking in such a manner. Chai1- OK. D1-.McDonald,with his professional experience,thinks that[ 30 」. What are your thoughts on this point,Ms.West? ① age has nothing to do with speech style ② more intelligent words should be used ③ special attention should be paid to the elderly ④ the elderly should speak more slowly and clearly Ms.West I m an older person myself,but I m afraid I have to disagree withDr.McDonald. He said he could tell who needs to be spoken to clearly and slowly from their appearance. I guess you base your judgment of older people on their slow movements, gray hair,and wrinkles. But that s a stereotype of the elderly. Some older people may not need any special adjustments during conversation. Rather,such adjustments may insult them. I don t want to be addressed like that,or stereotyped in that way. Chair Thank you. Ms. West s comments emphasize that our judgments of the elderly[ 31 ]. ① don t determine our behavior ② don t hurt their feelings ③ should be based on their appearance and movements ④ shouldn t be made without careful consideration barley, m ① Local vinegar is an unimportant element in traditional dishes. ② People in different places make vinegar out of their local products. ③ Rice vinegar has been made and used by people for along time. ④ The word“vinegar”is from an old French word meaning sour wine.”[ 三i-] ① It takes an extremely long time to make genuine vinegar. ② Many crops and recipes at-e connected to vinegar. ③ There have t1aditiona11y been several ways to make vinegar. ④ Vinegar can be produced either by a slow or fast process. [ 34 ] ① It could have been used ② It has been commonly used ③ It is rarely used ④ It will not be used 第4問 次の問い(A・B)に答えよ。 (配点 33) A 次の文章とグラフを読み, 下の問い(問1~3)の「 35 ]~[ 37 lに対する 答えとして最も適当なものを, それぞれ下の①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 Mt.Fuji and Kyoto have traditionally been popular sightseeing spots for overseas tourists to Japan. However,as the number of incoming tourists inc1・eases,thei1-reasons for coming to Japan seem to be diversifying as they develop new interests. A recellt survey by the Japan National Tourist Organization (INTO) lists hot springs,fish markets and antme characters among the top ten reasons for visiting Japan,as shown in the graph below. The top place was taken by Japanese cuisine,mentioned by71%of the respondents,with traditional architecture and gardens in second and third places. Modern architecture was also mentioned (by28%of the tourists asked)_ Hot spring resorts and ryokan inns,long enjoyed by Japanese people, have now caught the attention of foreign tourists,too,and both of these are among the five most popular types of attractions. Sumo and other traditional sports also feature prominently on the list. Tokyo s Tsukiji fish market has been a draw for visitors to Japan for a number of years,but now it is joined by places like Akihabara,which sell goods related to antme characters. Japan s main attractions for foreign tourists Japanese food A Gardens B Rykannns C Fish markets Sumo,martial arts Museums,galleries D 010203040506070(%) (Data Japan National Tourist Organization,2007) One reason for the increased variety of tourist hot spots appeal-s to be the greater availability of information, not only in the long-established form of guidebooks but also through websites, especially those catering to specific interests. Tour guides report that many visitors now arrive in Japan with a clear idea of where they want togo and what they want to see. 問 1 According to the passage,what appears to be true of foreign tourists visiting Japan? They are「35 ]. ① more interested in seeing where fish is sold than in eating it ② no longer interested in t1aditionalJapanese culture ③ visiting a wider selection of attractions than in the past ④ wealthier than tourists who came in previous years 問2 In the graph,which letter represents“animo characters”? l 36 I ① A ② B ③ c ④ D 問3 Which of the following reasons is given by the writer to explain the change described in the passage?[;三 7] ① Guidebooks have been available for so long that most tourists do not need a tout-guide. ② Japan now attracts richer overseas visitors than it used to in the past. ③ INTO has succeeded in spreading information about traditional Japanese culture overseas. ④ Many visitors now use online resources to choose places of interest in advance. B 次ぺージのフライト・スケジュールに関する次の問い(問1~3)を読み, その 答えとして最も適当なものを, それそ、れ下の①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 問 1 The Shima family - a fathe1-,a mothe1-,and two children-will take a trip to Chicago starting from Tokyo. They plan to leave on September25 and return on September 30, and they want to take their two-year-old poodle along. Which flights can they use? 「 38 l ①Flight203andFlight206 ②Flight205andFlight206 ③Flight205andFlight208 ④Flight207andFlight208 問2 Mr.Uno,a businessman,wants to travel from TokyotoChicagoby economy class at the end of September. He can t leave Tokyo before noon on September25. He may also need a power supply for his computer during the flight.Which flight should he choose? l 39 ] ①②③④ Flight203 Flight205 Flight206 Flight207 問3 Acco1-ding to this airline s policies,which of these animals is permitted on flights? [ 40 ] ① A cat which is three years old ② A dog hot-n at the end of the previous month ③ A hamster which just passed its first birthday ④ A rabbit born three weeks before the flight Flight Schedule Explanation of symbols 0 leer more seats available 1-9 Number of available seats X No seats p Pets carried on these flights(See policies below.) e An electrical outlet is available in each seat for laptop computers,etc. Policies regarding pets 1.Passengers traveling with pets must inform the airline in advance 2.Only some birds,and domesticated cats and dogs are permitted. 3.Dogs and cats must hoover the age of8 weeks to travel. Flight Departure/Arrival City Dep./Arr. Date Dep./Arr. Time Seat Availability Notes Business class Economy Class 203 Dep. Tokyo 25 Sept. 10 40 x 9 p,e Arr. chicago 25 Sept. 08 15 205 Dep. Tok yo 25 Sept. 16 35 x 2 p.e Arr. chicago 25 Sept. 14 04 207 Dep. Tok yo 25 Sept. 18 55 4 x e Arr. chicago 25 Sept. 16 31 204 Dep. chicago 29 Sept. 10 20 1 x Arr. Tokyo 30 Sept. 13 15 206 Dep. Chicago 29 Sept. 12 16 0 0 p,e Arr. Tok yo 30 Sept. 15 10 208 Dep. chicago 29 Sept. 14 50 3 5 e Arr. Tokyo 30 Sept. 17 45 第5問 次の文章は, 同一の状況について二人の人物がそれぞれの観点から述べた ものである。文章を読み, 下の問い(問1~5)の[ 41 」~l 45」に入れるのに 最も適当なものを, それそ、れ下の①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 (配点 30) Witness A I was standing at the bus stop opposite the gas station on Route 300,a four-lane road. That had always been a dangerous area,but it s safer now because they recently put in traffic signals. There were two vehicles on the road approaching the signal. One was a small farm truck and the other a brand-new sports car. It was getting dark but the heavy rain had just stopped and there were no other cars around. Anyway,the truck and the sports car were driving side by side when the car started to swerve from side to side. I think the truck may have moved slightly to stay away from the car,but I m not sure-I couldn t take my eyes off the car. The signal was red,but instead of slowing down,the car sped ahead rapidly. The driver was going to go through the intersection when the light was red! And that s when a van suddenly came into the intersection from the far side. It looked like they were going to hit, but they both turned away from each other at the last second and avoided a crash. But then the back doors of the van opened up and hundreds of soccer balls spilled out. Witness B I was walking on the side road toward Route300-coming to the intersection. I noticed that they had put up signals near the service station. This should help make the intersection safer. Suddenly,a van came up f1-om behind me. It was strange - I could see inside the van and it was full of soccer balls! I had never seen anything like that before. Anyway,as the van was approaching the signal,the light tunled from green to yellow. But the driver went faster when he should have slowed down-he drove into the intersection where he almost hit a sports car. It was so lucky-the man was able to turn to the right and miss the car. I think the sports car turned too. Fortunately,there was no accident,but there were soccer balls allover the place. 問 1 Which of the following illustrations is the most appropriate for the reports above?m ① ② ③ ④ ④一witness A ⑧=witness B GS=gas station T=small farm truck S=sports car V=van j=bus stop 問2 Based on what one of the witnesses said,we can assume it was「42 、 ① early in the morning and there were few cars ② evening and the road was wet ③ late afternoon and Route 300 was full of cars ④ late at night and it was slippery 問3 Witness A is not really certain about l 43 ] ① whether it had been raining heavily or not ② whether or not the light wast-ed ③ whether the truck tried to avoid the sports car ④ which direction the van came from 問4 Witness A probably thinks that there was almost an accident because of l 44 」. ① the new traffic signals at the intersection ② the sports car ignoring the traffic signal ③ the truck moving to avoid the sports car ④ the van going too fast for the at-ea 問5 Witness B probably thinks that there was almost an accident because of [ 45 ]. ① the sports oaf-speeding through the intersection ② the traffic signals that wet-e put up recently ③ the truck turning away f1-om the sports car ④ the van driver d1-iving dange1-ously 第6問 次の文章を読み, 下の問い(問1~6)の「46コ~「51 ]に入れるのに 最も適当なものを, それそ、れ下の①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。なお, 文章の左 にある(1)~(7)は段落の番号を表している。 (配点 36) (1) Today,we believe that essential aspects of character are formed in childhood and adolescence. We understand the young have different needs and experience the world differently from adults. We can even see that adults themselves have been influenced by a modern emphasis on youth. Howeve1-,historically this wasn t always so. The development of modenl industrial societies has brought about a fundamental change in ideas about childhood and youth. (2) As the historian Philippe Aries has pointed out, modern attitudes towards childhood and youth stand in contrast to views of the young in earlier periods. Aries has noted that many Europeans in the Middle Ages did not know when they were born or how old they actually were. The idea that one becomes an“adult”when one turns a certain age(for example,on one s twentieth birthday) did not exist. Thus, the difference between childhood and adulthood was not clear,and children were often treated in the same way as adults. In medieval France,few children went to school and six-year-olds worked in the fields alongside their elders. Aries even suggests that the concept of childhood itself did not exist in the Middle Ages. (3) How did modern perceptions of childhood and youth develop? One important factor was the growth of trade and the rise of merchant cities,as happened in Renaissance Italy. The importance of providing the young with the skills necessary for trade was recognized by cities like Venice and Florence,which set up schools to teach reading,writing,and mathematics. As European nation-states emerged in the seventeenth century,the need for government officials-tax collectors,1-ecord keepers,and administrators- expanded. In France under Louis XIV,for example,increasing numbers of young people studied in the many academies created to meet this demand. The trend towards more education continued into the eighteenth century. By the late eighteenth century most children were going to school and spending more time apart from adults. (4) The increasing numbers of students receiving education bl・ought about another important change of attitude. Eighteenth-century thinkers like Jean- Jacques Rousseau believed children should be allowed to develop according to their individual abilities and not be overly disciplined. Followers of Rousseau, like Johann Heinrich Pesta1ozzi, stressed the need for play if children were to grow into healthy adults. This emphasis on the needs of children led in turn to further changes. By the middle of the nineteenth century,industrial societies began passing laws to end child labor. (5) A final factor has been the rise of“youth culture.” The development of new technologies in the twentieth centu1-y meant a need for greater skills and rapid growth of secondary and higher education. By1930,a majority of teenagers in America were enrolled in high school;by1960,more than forty percent of Americanhighschoolgraduates were going on to university. As the time between childhood and adulthood became longer, psychologists emphasized the importance of“adolescence,”a period when individuals are most open to the world and make crucial decisions about their futures. But as the young spent more time with their peers,youth developed a culture- music,fashion,even language-independent of adult society. (6) Present-day ideas about childhood and youth have undoubtedly had an effect on adults. Movies,television,and music are increasingly aimed at the young and have influenced society as a whole. Many adults imitate the young. They wear clothing - jeans and T-shirts-associated with youth, and try to keep their youthful looks. (7) Adults have become like adolescents in another way. While technological change creates new products and jobs,this process also means that skills which adults have learned may become out of date. Adults can find themselves in the same position as adolescents they must be ready to make decisions about thei1-futures, learn new skills or stat-t new jobs. Attitudes associated with adolescence,such as a willingness to explore new options,are increasingly common among adults. 問1 問2 The historian Aries argues that in the Middle Ages l 46 」 ① children enjoyed helping their parents ② parents were too busy to think about children ③ people had only a vague idea about age ④ the young had difficulty finding work Paragraph(3)suggests that l 47 I ① improving education became less important to government ② the growth of trade resulted in a need for more education ③ the spread of education led to decreased economic activity ④ young people would rather work than receive an education 問3 In paragraph(4),the writer implies that Rousseau s ideas eventually led to laws which[ 48 ]. ① allowed young people to study at home ② made governments offer medical care to children ③ made the employment of children illegal ④ required all students to attend school 問4 Paragraph(5)argues that youth culture emerged because[ 49 ] ① students had g1-eater time to interact with each other ② students lost their interest in going to school ③ unive1-sity education was expanding too quickly ④ young people became more intelligent than adults 問5 Towa1-ds the end of the passage,the writer states that[ 50 ] ① adults,like the young,now need to be flexible about their futures ② many toms of entertainment are being aimed at the middle-aged ③ people should continue to look young by wea1-ing casual clothes ④ young people develop new thoughts and ideas toappealtoadults 問6 When paragraphs(1)through(7)are divided into four groups, which grouping is the most appropriate? l 51 l G1-oup1 G1-oup2 Group3 Group4 ① (1) (2)(3) (4)(5) (6)(7) ② (1) (2) (3)(4)(5) (6)(7) ③ (1)(2) (3)(4) (5)(6) (7) ④ (1)(2) (3)(4)(5) (6) (7)
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英 語(筆記) (解答番号l 1 l~l 53 l) 第1問 次の問い(A~C)に答えよ。 (配点 19) A 次の問い(問1~3)において,下線部の発音が, ほかの三つの場合と異なるも のを,それぞれ①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 問1 l 1 l ① a望ure 問2 l 2 ] ① abr望d 問3 l 3 1 ① 更ost ② cla要ic ② appr里ch ② gra出io ③ effi!lent ③ C望St ③ 連rase ④ solia1 ④ thr望t gh一 u 〇 t ④ B 次の問い(問1 ・問2)において, 最も強く発音される部分の位置が異なるもの を含む組合せを, それそ、れ①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 問 1 l 4 I ① en-ve-1ope fur-ni-ture hor-ri-ble ② ma-te-ri-a1 psy-cho1-o-gy re-mark-a-ble ③ ef-fec-tive in-ter-view rec-og-nize ④ em-bar-rass-ment li-brar-i-an phi-1os_o_phy 問2 l 5 I ① gram-mat-i-ca1 ② beau-ti-fu1 ③ ca-pac-i-ty ④ ben-e-fit in-te1-1i-gent bi-cy-cle en-vi-ron-ment in-di-cate i-so-1a-tion in-stru-ment i-den-ti-fy op-po-site C 次の問い(問1~3)において, 話者が太字で示した語を強調して発音した場 合, 話者が伝えようとした意図はどれが最も適当か。 それそ、れ下の①~④のうち から一つずつ選べ。 問 1 Can you come to dinner on Friday at eight?[1 ① I know your friend can t come,but can you? ② If lunch is inconvenient,what about dinner? ③ If you can t come on that day,how about Friday? ④ You work until seven? How about an hour later? 問2 What do you think about my summer plans?[ 1 ① I already know what your friends think. ② I didn t understand what you just said. ③ I know what you think about my winter plans. ④ Your plans are good. How about mine? 問3 Tom telephoned meverylatelast night. l 8 」 ① I was annoyed. ② It was definitely Tom. ③ Tom didn t telephone anyone else. ④ Tom usually emails. 第2問 次の問い(A~C)に答えよ。 (配点 46) A 次の問い(問1~11)のl 9 l~l 19 Iに入れるのに最も適当なものを, そ れぞれ下の①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 問1 After you pay a bill,you are given al 9 ltoshow that you have paid. ① change ② discount ③ material ④ receipt 問2 Brett has many spare-time l 10 」 he swims,paints,plays the violin, and soon. ① actions ② activities ③ exercises ④ habits 問3 Small children have teeth which usually fallout between the ages of five and twelve,after which they get their l 11 l teeth. ① false ② forever ③ general ④ permanent 問4 If you have an unreasonable dislike of someone,you are l 12 l that person. ① concerned with ② indifferent to ③ mistaken for ④ prejudiced against 問5 My sister is in the front row in the picture.She is theonel 13 lin her hands. ① of everything ② of some things ③ with anything ④ with nothing 問6 After the car hit the boy,bet 14 I unconscious for two days. ① remained ② remembered ③ removed ④ rescued 問7 Itl 15 l for Mary to learn that her bike had been stolen. ① has shocked ② shocked ③ was shocked ④ was shocking 問8 My sister insisted l 16 I the problem by myself. ① me to solve ② on me to solve ③ on my solving ④ that I should be solved 問9 You should write down Satsuki s number l 17 l you forget it. ① in case ② in the case ③ sofar as ④ so long as 問10 My friend is going to fly back to California l 18 I Hawaii. ① by means of ② by way of ③ inline with ④ in the course of 問11 Please havel 19 lat this document before you begin your work. ① a closer look ② a closer looking ③ looked closely ④ looking closely B 次の問い(問1~3)の会話のl 20 l~l 22 Iに入れるのに最も適当なもの を, それそ、れ下の①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 問1 Mr.Morrison Good afternoon. I d like to see Mr.Hood,please. My name is Morrison. Secretary l 20 l Mr.Morrison No,I m afraid not. I was in the neighborhood,and I wondered if I could meet him. ① Can you come down here to see him? ② Could you wait for his call? ③ Do you have an appointment? ④ Would you like to have a seat? 問2 Husband Would you like to move? Wife What! Move? l 21 l Husband Move to the countryside. Don t you think it would be nice? Wife Yes,but I d miss my friends.. ① What do you mean? ② What kind of exercise doI need? ③ What kind of house is it? ④ When are you going to move out? 問1 John is a very smart student. He somehow l 24 1 ①how ④to get around ②problems ⑤to know 問2 We re facing troubles now. I would assist us. ①appreciate ④it ② could ⑤ you l 23 l ③seems l 25 l_l 26 ] ③if 問3Ienjoyedtheconcertverymuch.0nmywayhome,I happened l 27 ] l 28 l the singer. ①as ④the same train ②be riding ⑤to ③ on 問3 Mari This is really a gorgeous restaurant,isn t it? Katy The dinner was great,too. How much should I pay? Mari Tonight,be my guest. Really,I insist. l 22 l Katy Thanks a lot. ① It son me. ② It s5,250 yen for each person. ③ I ve got little money. ④ Let s split the bill. C 次の問い(問1~3)において, それそ、れ下の①~⑤の語句を並べかえて空所を 補い, 文を完成させよ。 ただし, 解答はl 23 l~l 28 lに入れるものの番号 のみを答えよ。 第3問 次の問い(A~C)に答えよ。 (配点 38) A 次の問い(問1 ・問2)の英文を読み, 下線部の語句の意味をそれぞれの文章か ら推測し, l 29 l・l 30 !に入れるのに最も適当なものを, それぞれ下の ①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 問1 The Browns drove from SapporotoFuranoin a rental car. While they were driving,the four children kept talking and screaming because they were excited. Their laughter,giggles,and constant shouting bothered Mr.Brown. Several times,he asked them to be quiet. However,they did not listen to their father. Mr.Brown was becoming very angry,and finally he said to them, “You re asking for it!” In this situation,“You r・e asking for it!”means“l 29 l” ① Ask your brother if you want it! ② I 11 pay you to be quiet! ③ Let s ask for directions! ④ This is the last warning! 問2 Are acts of altruism unique to human beings?From my experience I must say that they are also present in the animal world. I was raised on a farm and was brought up surrounded by animals. Once I was being attacked by a large dog and began yelling for help. A horse came running up from a distant field and chased away the dog. We also had a dog that protected our cat. When the cat was being attacked by other dogs, our dog drove them away by barking. Here altruism means l 30 l ① acting bravely to protect one sown honor ② being true to oneself as well as to others ③ doing something for the sake of others ④ using your brain to understand a situation B 次の英文は, テレビゲームの影響について, クラスで行われたディスカッショ ンの一部である。 文中のl 31 l~l 33 lに入れるのに最も適当なものを, そ れそ、れ下の①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 Moderator More and more young people are fascinated by video games. These games influence teenagers both positively and negatively. Today,I would like to invite your opinions on this topic. Brian Thank you. I d like to express my views on video games. Sometimes,teenagers who enjoy playing video games seem likely to attempt the tricks that they sec. This could lead to serious injuries. On the other hand,playing certain video games allows people to gain skill in using their eyes and hands at the same time. Having such skills can help young people increase their enjoyment of sports activities. Moderator So, Brian, you are saying that video games are helpful in l 31 I・ ① developing concentration ② getting serious injuries ③ improving physical responses ④ promoting eyesight Madoka It is true that some video games have cool characters who perform neat tricks,and kids try to imitate them. But I think video games could also influence teenagers in a positive way. I ve read some studies which say that playing video games encourages you to try harder and achieve more. For example,when you re playing a game and you lose,you might keep on trying to master it until you succeed. Moderator You and Brian have offered different opinions. Okay,Madoka, your view is that l 32 l. ① imitating characters can teach us manners ② neat tricks teach you cool ideas ③ video games help you learn to never give up ④ video games help you make more profits Moderator Are there any other views which we should consider? Joe Video games definitely influence some teenagers in bad ways. There was an incident in which two teenagers were found with a rifle in their home.They had used it to shoot at trucks passing by, and had killed a man.It seems that they were influenced by a video game. Parents should check the content of video games before buying them for their children. They need to take an active role in determining what their children are allowed to play. Moderator Thank you,Joe.You have mentioned one negative aspect of video games.What you said is that l 33 l. ① children cannot stop playing video games,and sit indoors all daylong,resulting in poor health ② children who play many video games can understand the difference between reality and virtual reality ③ people kill other people because they believe that they will come back to life again by pressing the reset button ④ video games may make children imitate improper behavior,so parents should choose games carefully C 次の文章のl 34 」~l 36 lに入れるのに最も適当な文を, それそ、れ下の ①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 I 34 IAt508 meters,it isoneof the world s tallest buildings. Taipei may not be widely known for its modern architecture,but it does have this towering building. The building has become a symbol of Taipei s prog1-ess, identity and vision. Let s start in the basement and work our way up. There we can see the Grand Market,Asia s largest food court. We then move up to the first floor where a busy shopping mail begins. On the second and third floors we find a variety of designer shops,while the fourth floor,called City Square,offers coffee shops with tables in a central plaza. l 35 l They are the world s fastest,and in no time at all we are at the top of the building. Half a kilometer below,the scene glows orange-pink with city lights. Even after the sun sets,we can st加make out the outline of Taipei s surrounding mountains, blacker than the evening sky. Taipei 101 represents the progress of Taipei and its identity. l 36 l Of course,many other aspects of Taipei s culture are appealing,too.However,the citizens of this city can be proud to have this impressive building. l 34 l ① Taipei is famous for its city lights and black rivers to the north and east. ② Taipei is known for many of the world s greatest ancient historical sites and fine museums. ③ Taipei has many things to be proud of,but perhaps the most impressive is the L-shaped Taipei 101 Mail. ④ Taipei s newest attraction has the most stylish goods in the latest fashion. l 35 l ① Also on the fourth floor are some escalators to the fifth floor. ② On the fifth floor, we can buy tickets for the elevators to the observation deck. ③ The organic coffee beans from Colombia are especially famous. ④ We do not need to make reservations to use the observation deck. l 36 l ① By visiting this building,one can sense the attractiveness of this modern city. ② It is worth paying the expensive admission fees to see Taipei 101. ③ Taipei is a must for foreign tourists who want to enjoy shopping and good coffee. ④ Taipei is such a great city that it can be recommended for school excursions. 第4問 次の問い(A・B)に答えよ。 (配点 30) A 次の文章とグラフを読み, 下の問い(問1~3)に対する答えとして最も適当な ものを, それぞれ下の①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 What do you like to drink when you get thirsty? Since 1987,the popularity of different types of packaged soft drinks in Japan has changed considerably. During the late80s,carbonated drinks of all sorts (such as sodas and colas) were the leaders in popularity,with fruit juices a close second and coffee-based drinks a bit further back in the competition. By2004,however,those drinks had lost their lead to the newest entry into this market tea-based drinks of all types. Tea drinks, which include green teas, took the lead over both carbonated drinks and coffee-based drinks. The total production of tea-based drinks was nearly double that of the nearest competitors carbonated drinks and coffee drinks. Fruit juices had fallen to fourth in popularity with a drop in production of nearly one fourth since their highest levels in the late80s. Fifth place was held by sports drinks,which in1987 were in fourth place ahead of tea drinks. At about the same time that green tea became a packaged product, vegetable juices also began to appear on the market. They have had a very small but relatively consistent place in the market since then. Production of Packaged Soft Drinks (million kt) 1987 1996 一0-Tea drinks 一口一一一X 一*-Coffee drinks ・ --・AY 一一0---Sports drinks 一一Z 2004(year) (データ 全国清涼飲料工業会, 『清涼飲料関係統計資料』2005) One of the reasons for the popularity of tea-based drinks might be that many people like to have a non-sweetened green tea drink with the rice balls that they buy at convenience stores.Manyother types of packaged soft drinks contain some amount of sugar which doesn t really fit people s taste when eating rice. 問1 In the graph,which type of drink does X”stand for? l 37 I ①Carbonated drinks ②Fruit juices ③Green teas ④Vegetable juices 問2 According to the passage,which statement is true? l 38 I ① Carbonated drinks were st加leading in popularity in2004. ② Production of coffee drinks had increased dramatically since their introduction. ③ Production of fruit juices declined from 1987. ④ Vegetable juices took over a considerable portion of the soft drink market. 問3Whichstatementwouldthewriteragreewith?m ① Tea-based drinks are theoldestkindof packaged drinks in the market ② Overall production of soft drinks has decreased since 1987. ③ Green teas have become popular because they aren t sweetened. ④ Vegetable juices will gain popularity in the near future. B 次ぺージの広告に関する次の問い(問1 ・問2)を読み, l 40 I・l 41 Iに 入れるのに最も適当なものを, それぞれ下の①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 問 1 If you make an online reservation,you can receive l 40 l. ① a sticker marked“Yakushima Eco-Tour” ② a free copy of“The World Heritage Site Guidebook”③ 10%off the sweat shirt price ④ a discount of3,500 yen per person 問2 According to the advertisement,which statement is true? l 41 ] ① After hiking,there is time to shop in Ambo. ② Two or more participants are required for the tour to be conducted ③ You need to take your bus fare with you on the tour. ④ You need only light clothes for the tour. Yakushima Eco-Tour Yakushima Eco-Tour is a guided hiking tour to enjoy the natural beauty of Yakushima Island. You can see a variety of animals and plants including the famous Yaku Cedars. Participation fee Minimum group size Tour route ￥35,000(air and bus fares,lunch,and admission fee included) 2 people . plane . bus . Kagoshima Airport一→Yakushima Airport - Downtown Ambo(1-hour free time; 8 30 departure1 bus . bus . lunch) -YakusuglLand(2-hour guided hlkmg) - Yakushlma Airport plane . →Kagoshnna Airport 116 50 arriva1l Your guide will be waiting for you at the information counter of Yakushima Airport,holding a sign marked“Yakushima Eco-Tour.” English-speaking guide available for an additional fee About Yakushima Yakushima is an almost circular island having a circumference of 135 km located about60 km south-southwest of theOsumi Peninsula in Kagoshima Prefecture. In 1994,the huge Yaku Cedar forests were designated as a World Heritage site. Prior to your departure Make sure you have warm clothes. The climate along the coastal area of the island is subtropical,but the mountain area can be quite cool. The rainfall can be extreme around the northeastern part of the island,so pack an umbrella. Wear comfortable shoes for hiking. KGMS Travel Book online save 10%ofyourtourprice! uRLwwwkgms-tc°.ip fff TEL (09974)2-XXXX ag空 第5問 次の問い(A・B)に答えよ。 (配点 24) A 次の会話について, 下の問い(問1 ・問2)に答えよ。 Anna tetephonesherfriend,Chizuko,toaskherf.orhelP Anna Hi,Chizuko. This is Anna. Chizuko Hi. Tomorrow is the day you and your friends are coming to Hakata,right? Anna Yes,but I have a little problem. Chizuko What s wrong? Anna Well,Moon Suk is coming as planned. But Jin Ah waited until the last minute to buy her ticket. So,when she tried to get a ticket to Shimonoseki,the ship was fully booked. Chizuko Oh,no... Anna Luckily,she was able to get a ticket toHakata. The problem is, they 11 arrive at about the same time. Chizuko So,you want me to pick up Jin Ah? Anna Can you do that? Chizuko Sure,I jibe happy to meet her. Anna Great! Then,I 11 meet Moon Suk in Shimonosekiand we 11 drive to Hakata to join you. Chizuko What time wi11Jin Ah arrive? Anna At8a.m.on the Cosmos Line ferry. Chizuko At8a.m. No problem. How will we recognize each other? Anna Jin Ah w加call me from Ptisan this evening,so at that time I can let her know that you jibe meeting her and I 11 tell her what you look like. What do you plan to wear tomorrow? Chizuko Hmmm...you know my flowered pants? Anna The ones with roses? Chizuko No,the ones with sunflowers. 20- (2610-20) Anna They re really loose,right? Chizuko No.Tight. Anna Oh,yeah. You wore them last month when we went shopping in Tenjin. Chizuko Right. I 11 wear those. I 11alsohaveon a straw hat with a wide brim. Anna Does it have any decoration on it? Chizuko Yes. It has a plain ribbon tied around lt. Also,I jibe carrying a magazine. Anna Great! She can t miss you. Thanks a million. Shall we all meet at the Sakura Hotel tomorrow around11a.m.? The four of us can have lunch together. Chizuko Sounds good. Drive safely. Anna I wi11.See you soon! 問 1 次の質問に対する答えとして最も適当なものを, 下の0~④のうちから一つ 選べ。 l 42 l Why is Jin Ah sailing toa different destination? ① The ticket toHakata was cheaper than the other one. ② She missed the ferry that sailed toheroriginaldestination. ③ The ferry that was supposed togotoShimonosekiwas cancelled ④ The tickets for her original destination were sold out. 問2 Chizukoを示す絵として最も適当なものを,次の①~⑥のうちから一つ選 べ。 l 43 j ① ② ⑤ ③ ⑥ B 次の会話について, 下の問い(問1 ・問2)に答えよ。 Carol and Tome are tnthe schoolca/etena. They υe just finished lunch and haυe a little time t)efore their next class begtns. Carol I ve just learned a new game. Would you like totryit? Tomo Sure. Carol I have a clean sheet of paper,so all you need is a pencil. She marks three dotson the paperωtthherpenci1. Carol The game begins with these dots. Actually,you can start with any number of dots. But,at first,it s best to start with three or four. She adds another dot on the paper. Tomo Whereon the paper do we mark the dots? Carol You can place them anywhere you like. Now,join any two dots with a line. Players take turns drawing aline. Shejotns tωodets that are next to each otherωttha curυed tine. Tomo Don t you have to draw a straight line? Carol No. Anykindofline will do. In fact,you can even make a loop starting and ending at the same dot. But you can t draw aline that crosses itself,or any other line. Tomo 0.K.And? Carol When you ve drawn aline,put a new dot somewhere on lt. Each dot may have only three lines connected to it. So,since a new dot placed on aline already has two lines connected to it,it can only have one more. Tomo I see.Are there any other rules? 01001 rmr a。a T No. That s lt. You continue playing until you can t draw another line And the player who draws the last line is the winner? Exactly. Now that you understand the rules,let s play! 問1 このゲームでルールを破っているパターンはどれか。次の①~④のうちから ーつ選べ。 l 44 I ① ③ ● ● ② ④ ◆ ● ●● ● 問2 次のl 45 lに入れるのに最も適当なものを, 下の①~④のうちから一つ選 べo A player loses in this game when it is his or her turn and l 45 ]. ① all the dots are connected to each other ② no line can be drawn ③ the dots are all surrounded bylines ④ one of the dots is surrounded by aline 第6問 次の文章を読み, 下の問い(A・B)に答えよ。 (配点 43) The white-haired old man was sitting in his favorite chair,holding a thick book and rubbing his tired eyes. When his nineteen-year-old granddaughter, Valerie,came into the room,he looked up and smiled. His eyes instantly brightened with happiness to see her. “Hi,Grandpa. What are you reading?” she asked,pulling up a chair beside him. “Oh,it s a book on the architecture of Spain. But I m not really reading. Mostly I am just falling asleep over the pictures,”he said,laughing.“Are you finished packing your bags yet?”he asked. The following morning Valerie and tweet her friends were flying to Europe for a twoweek holiday. “Almost. I need to travel light,you see,soI can buy lots of new dresses and shoes in Paris and Barcelona.”They both laughed because Valerie was not actually interested in fashion at all. She loved foreignlanguages,music,art, good food,and many other things - but not shopping for clothes. “Have the three of you finally decided what you want todo on your trip?” Valerie thought for a moment and then replied, “Well,Naomi really wants to see the Eiffel Tower and we all want to visit the Louvre Museum. Mika and I want to see the wonderful buildings in Barcelona,too. But,basically,we still don t have much of a plan. Do you have any suggestions?You ve been to Europe so many times.” Valerie s grandfather paused, and then replied slowly, You know, sometimes it may be best not to have a detailed plan. I remember when your grandmother and I first went to Barcelona. We went to museums or concerts everyday. We saw bullfights and soccer matches. We ate wonderful food and met many interesting people. But one of my greatest memories from that trip was completely unexpected.” Grandpa paused again,and then said,“We had come especially to see the famous works of art,but one day just for a change we went to the zoo. And there I met someone who had a great effect on me.” 26- (2610-26) “His name was Snowflake,”he continued,“and he was a gorilla,a very specialalbinogor加a,with white fur and pink skin. When only three years old, Snowflake was captured in the forests of Africa and then brought to the zoo. Because of his rare color he had become quite famous. Many people lined up to see him behind a glass wall in the exhibit hall.” “In fact,”Grandpa said, “I did not think he was real when I first saw him. When I moved closer,though,he turned slowly toward me and calmly looked directly into my eyes. For the first time ever,I felt intelligence and awareness in the eyes of another species. It made an impression on me that I will never forget.” “So,what did you do?”Valerie asked. “Actually,Snowflake was the one who did something. As we gazed into each other s eyes, the 140-kilogram gorilla suddenly slapped his hand flat against the glass wall,making aloud,forceful sound that made all the people in the room cry out in surprise. Snowflake seemed rather pleased with our reaction,turning away casually and snacking on some leaves.” So,he surprised you. He had a sense of humor,it seems,”Valerie said. “But isn t it sad for such a wonderfulanimaltolive in a cage?” “Yes,maybe,”Grandpa replied.“But in the wild so many gorillas are killed by hunters or disease that it is difficult to say which way of life is better. And Snowflake did live a long life for a gorilla,about forty years,which is equivalent to eighty years for a human.” “So,he s dead now?” Valerie asked. “Yes,he died of skin cancer in2003. He had very pale skin,of course,so sunlight was very dangerous for him. It was a painful end,but I believe he had some happy memories, too. You know, he had three mates, several children, and22 grandchildren, so that must have been nice.” Grandpa smiled at Valerie and said,“Anyway,maybe it s best not to plan everything. All kinds of wonderful,unexpected encounters may be waiting for you on your trip.” 27- (2610-27)A week or so later,Grandpa heard from Valerie and her friends. They were having a wonderful time,enjoying many new activities. They even made an unscheduled trip to the Barcelona Zoo,where they saw one of Snowflake s grandchildren. This baby gorilla didn t have white fur,but he did have bright, intelligent eyes which Valerie said she would never forget. A 次の問い(問1~5)に対する答えとして最も適当なものを, それぞれ下の①~ ④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 l 46 l~l 50 l 問1 WhydidValerieandGrandpalaugh?m ① Valerie had not finished her preparation. ② Valerie had too many things in her suitcase. ③ They both knew that what Valerie said was not true. ④ They both understood that Valerie had very little money 問2 What valuable advice did Grandpa give about Valerie s travel plan? l 47 I ① Goto the zoo. ② Travel light. ③ Eat authentic dishes. ④ Don t plan everything 問3 What unexpected experience did Grandpa describe from his first trip to Barcelona? l 48 l ① Meeting many strange people. ② Viewing various shocking works of art ③ Enjoying very spicy Spanish food. ④ Encountering an unusual gorilla. 問4 Why was Snowflake a popular exhibit at the zoo? l 49 」 0 He had a unique name. ② He was an unusual color. ③ He played many different tricks. ④ He was kept behind a glass wall 問5 According to Grandpa,what is one serious danger for gorillas in Africa? l 50 j ① There is a high risk of getting skin cancer. ② Air pollution causes damage to their health. ③ They are threatened by human violence. ④ Lions and other animals commonly attack them B 本文の内容と合っているものを, 次の①~⑧のうちから三つ選べ。 ただし, 解 答の順序は問わない。 l 51 j~l 53 l ① Grandpa said he wanted togo to Europe with Valerie,but he was too busy. ② The trip Valerie had been planning would keep her very busy. ③ Grandpa went to the zoo especially to see Snowflake. ④ Grandma did not have a chance to visit the Barcelona Zoo. ⑤ Snowflake lived in the zoo,but was born in Africa. ⑥ Snowflake died when he was eighty years old. ⑦ Snowflake had a very big family. ⑧ One of the gorillas at the zoo greatly impressed Valerie.
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英 語(筆記) (解答番号[ 1 ]~[ 50 ]) 第1問 次の問い(A~D)に答えよ。 (配点 16) A 次の問い(問1~3)において, 下線部の発音が, ほかの三つの場合と異なるも のを, それぞれ下の①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 問1 l 1 I ① absgb ② comfort ③ fgma1 ④ newbgn 問2 [ 2 l ① dobt ② doubt ③ subtitle ④ subtie 問3 「 3 l ① eager ② fragile ③ ginger ④ urgent B 次の問い(問1 ・問2)において, 与えられた語と第一アクセント(第一強勢)の 位置が同じ語を, それそ、れ下の①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 問1 accustom l 4 l ① calendar ② impression ③ operate ④ popular 問2 transportation L_量」 ① authority ② experiment ③ fundamental ④ melancholy C 次の文において,話者が太字で示した語を特に強調して発音した場合, 話者が 伝えようとした意図はどれが最も適当か。下の①~④のうちから一つ選べ。 [ 6 l Max s mother told him todo his math homework immediately ① It is this subject that should be done now. ② It was not his father who urged Max to study. ③ Max tends to leave things until the last moment ④ Max win not do anything without instructions. D 次の下線を引いた文において, 強く発音する部分を最も適当に示しているのは どれか。 下の①~④のうちから一つ選べ。 強く発音する部分は●で示してある。 l 7 」 While holding down button C,press both D and F for five seconds. Oh, dear. It s so complicated that I feel confused just reading the manual. ●●●●●● ①It ssocomplicatedthatIfeelconfusedjustreadingthemanua1 ●●●●●● ②It ssocomplicatedthatIfeelconfusedjustreadingthemanua1 ●●●●●● ③It ssocomplicatedthatIfeelconfusedjustreadingthemanua1 ●●●●●● ④It ssocomplicatedthatIfeelconfusedjustreadingthemanua1 第2問 次の問い(A~C)に答えよ。 (配点 44) A 次の問い(問1~10)の[ 8 ]~L17」に入れるのに最も適当なものを, そ れぞれ下の①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 問1 “Did you know that Albert Einstein,the famous physicist,m meat?” Yes,if my memory serves,he became a strict vegetarian one year b(fore he died.” ① hadn t stopped eating ③ has stopped eating ② has been stopped from eating ④ stopped eating 問2“I d better call our neighbo1-toask her to check the door 01 our apartment.” “You don thavetodothat.I1-emembe1-[ 9 ]itwhenweleft.” ①lock ②locking ③to be locked ④to lock 問3Hi!It sme.I msorryI mlate.I m running[ 10 lthedirectionofthe ticketgate.I 11bewithyouinaminute. ①in ②of ③to ④within 問4 I don t think we can come up with a solution to the problem,however long we spend[ 11 lit. ① discussing ② talking ③ to discuss ④ to talk 問5 You vegot[ 12 ]onyourtie.Didyouhavefriedeggsforb1-eakfast? ①a few eggs ②an egg ③some egg ④some eggs 問6“Howaboutgoingtothatconveyor-beltsushibaragain?” “I mafraidwecan t.Itc1osedl 13 l last month.” ①down ②in ③off ④upon 問7Iarrivedhereearlytodaybecausethetrafficwasl 14 ]than usual. ①busier ②heavier ③lighter ④weaker 問81 veheardthatintheU.S.smokingisl 15 」inpublicplacessuchas restaurantsorcafes.Isthattrue? ①banned ②expired ③valid ④withdrawn 問9Youcanchooseeitherthetrainorthebus.Ifyouwanttosavesome timethetrainwouldbebetter.Thel 16 lisalittlebithigher,though. ①cash ②fare ③fine ④interest 問10“Youneverseemtogainweight!Howdoyoustaysoslim?” “Just lucky,Iguess.It[ 17 」in the family.” ①comes ②goes ③runs ④works B 次の問い(問1~3)の会話のl 18 l~l 20 ]に入れるのに最も適当なもの を, それぞれ下の①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 問1 Zack It s already ten. We d better be going when Bob comes back f1-om the restroom. Shall we split the bill equally? Koji I d rather not do that. I ate and drank a lot more than you two. 1 think I should pay met-e. Zack [ 18 l Koji That sounds fair. ① Calm down. You don t have to get so excited. ② How about asking for a discount? ③ I wish I d brought the coupon from the magazine ④ Should we ask for separate checks? 問2 Customer Could we have three tofu burgers,please? Server I m sofTy,we ve sold out today. Customer That s too bad! Your tofu burgers are so delicious that I brought my friends with me so they could try some. Server l 19 I Why not try the lotus root burgers,instead? If you don t like them,you don t have to pay. ① Did I owe you one? ② For here or togo? ③ I 11 put you through. ④ I 11 tell you what. 問3 Hany Would you mind taking a look at this? Nick This is a great plan,Harry!m Han-y Yeah,but there sone thing I m concerned about. Our boss might not like the extra costs. Nick Well,he may not be happy with the extra costs,but this plan has so many advantages. I m certain he 11 say yes. ① I can t agree with that. There are too many disadvantages ② I couldn t agree more. I m sure it 11 work. ③ That depends. I have no idea what todo. ④ Your idea doesn t make sense tome. C 次の問い(問1~3)において, それそ、れ下の①~⑥の語句を並べかえて空所を 補い, 文を完成させよ。解答はl 21 I~l 26 lに入れるものの番号のみを答 えよ。 問1 You should be careful about what you eat now,because it is often said that you are what you eat,which means Eve1ything future. ① eat ④ you L 21 」 ②on ⑤your body l 22 l ③some effect ⑥will have in the 問2 The Widdowsons are planning to eat out with their son at a restaurant Mt-.Widdowson calls the restaurant to make a reservation. He could say Can Saturday? a I ①④ [ 23 ] okie bo1- ②⑤ ③ for ⑥ three for7 00 next 問3 The1-e was a phone call from someone whose number you didn t recogniz(・, so you didn t answer lt. However,it was from someone inviting you toa pa1-ty.You could express your regret by saying l 25 l phone yesterday ① could ④ I ②had ⑤joined 10- 1 26 l answered the ③have ⑥the party 第3問 次の問い(A~C)に答えよ。 (配点 44) A 次の問い(問1 ・問2)の英文を読み, 下線部の語句の意味をそれそ、れの文章か ら推測し, l 27 」・[ 28 lに入れるのに最も適当なものを, それそれ下の ①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 問 1 Elsie Hi,Chiara. How s your speech for tomorrow s class coming along? Chiara Actually,I m in a bitot a panic. The topic I chose to talk about is a 1-eat can of worms. Elsie Really? Chiara Yes,it s inc1-edibly complicated. The1-e are so many issues involved. I just can t see how to cover everything in a three-minute speech. In this dialogue,a real can of wo1-ms means s ① contains many secrets ② has a lot of problems ③ is not interesting ④ takes little time omething that l 27 l 問2 Takefumi promised that he would meet me every day after school this month from 5 to 7p.m.sowe could study for our history exam togethc1-. This is only the second week,but he s already missed several meetings due to football practice. It s difficult to maintain a good study schedule because of his spo1-adic attendance. In this situationsporadicmeansL 28」. ①②③④ da ily i nvalu a hie irregula r respon s ible B 次の英文は, アメリカの高校の授業で友人関係について話し合われた議論の一 部である。 l 29 l~l 31 ]に入れるのに最も適当なものを, それぞれ下の ①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 Teacher Today,we re going to talk about the issue of friendship. Let me ask a(luestion Is it better to make friends with many people,or to have just a few good friends?In other words,which is more important,tile (luantityofour friendships or the quality of our friendships? Does anyone have any comments?Yes,Jot-dan. Jordan I think it s important to have a friend you can count on when you 1-e in trouble. We all have some tough times,and we need someone to talk teat such times. No matter how many friends you have,your problems can t be solved unless you have someone you can trust. Having many friends doesn t always mean that their advice will help you solve your problems. Here at school,I have just two good friends,but I know I can rely on them for anything I need.They both help me a lot in my daily life. I think this is far better than having lots of friends. Also,you can t maintain long-term relationships with many people. The fewer friends you have,the more time you can spend with each of them. Just saying“Hi”to everybody doesn t giv(, you a better quality of life. Teacher OK.Thanks a1ot.Jordan says l 29 」. ①②③④ having many friends is related to people s happiness in life he made a decision to help friends whenever he can people can be satisfied if they simply have many friends quality is met-e important than quantity in friendships Teacher Any other ideas?Amy? Amy I think people should have a1otof friends throughout their lives. I mean,you should get on well with as many people as possible because having a1otof friends will widen and deepen your understanding of life in various ways. You 11 learn and experience different ways of thinking by knowing them. I like having many friends because each friend brings me new possibilities. Also, I disagree with Jordan. When you re in trouble,fewer friends will give you fewer chanc(・s to solve the problem. When I have a problem,I like to ask as malty friends as possible for thei1-advice. Teacher A11right.Amy thinks that「 30 l. ① by observing many friends,you 11 gain skills to distinguish trustworthy people from others ② friends can sometimes be mean to you,but friendships will become steady ③ many friends often confuse you,and they guide you to wrong solutions ④ the more friends you have, the more chances you 11 have to solve problems Teacher Any other comments on this (1uestion?Maria? Maria Unlike Jordan and Amy,I don t think we have to choose between having many”friends and having“good”friends. I moneof Amy s many friends,but that doesn t necessarily mean the (1ualityofou1- relationship is bad. In fact,she s always good tome,list(,ns to my problems and offers advice,even though,as she says,she has malty friends. I believe people can have both. Teacher Well,I think that s an excellent way to conclude,Maria [ 31 ] ① Having good friends is much more important than having many frit・nds ② We can have both(1uantity and quality in our friendships. ③ Your good friendship with Amy is a rare case. ④ Your idea is just a repetition of Jordan and Amy s comments. C 次の文章の[ 3三」~L34 」に入れるのに最も適当なものを, それそ、れ下の ①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 It has been said that nine out of ten people like chocolate and the t(nth one is lying,but did you ever think about who gets the money you pay for your favorite chocolate? In fact,the famle1-whogrows the cocoa beans and the farmer whose cows give the milk get very little of the money you pay. Most of it goes to the companies which transpo1-t the raw materials,turn themi1lto chocolate,then package,adve1-tise and distribute it to stores. As a result,the cocoa and milk producers often live in very poor conditions. 「 32 l Garstang,near Lancaster in England,is a town which encourages stores to sell“Fairtrade”goods;in fact,it calls itself“The World s First Fairtrade・ Town.” If you buy goods with the“Fairtrade”label,you can be su1-e that a reasonable part of the money you pay wi11gotothe farmer who grows the raw materials f1-om which your goods are made. For example,money paid for Fairtrade”chocolate goes to cocoa farmers in Africa. People in Garst・ang became interested in“Fairtrade”when they began to look for a way to help these fa1-mers. The farmers complained that big chocolate co]T1panics w(、r( interested only in buying cocoa beans ii、expensively,and not in whethe1-t1、e fanners had enough money to live. One group in Garstang decided to l 33 I, making sure the farmers could keep as much of the profit as possible. The chocolate sold in stores in Garstang with a special“Fairt1-ade”logo on it was more expensive than ordinary chocolate,but82%of local people said they were willing to pay extra if they knew the money was being used to he・Ip people in a poor country. G1-adua11y,other goods came to be traded in this way. The next thing that 1・lappened was that1ocaldairyfarmers demonstrated in the center of Garstang. They wanted l 34 l. They pointed out that,like the cocoa farmers in Africa,they also felt disadvantaged by an unfair trading system. They wanted more money for the milk their cows produced. As a result, Garstanghas become a center not only for fair trade with poorer countries,but also for promoting locally produced goods. [-32 l ① Farmers in England have started to grow their own cocoa. ② One small town in England is trying to change this situation. ③ People take action in their local community to 1-educe the price of chocolate. ④ There is very little that can be done to improve things. l 33 l ① buy cocoa directly from the farmers and make it into chocolate ② give money to poor African farmers who grow cocoa beans ③ return the chocolate to the cocoa farmers in Africa ④ supply cocoa beans to African farmers [ 34 l ① to become involved in the“Fairtrade”movement ② to be paid more for the cocoa they produced ③ to encourage chocolate consumption ④ to reduce the price of thei1-chocolate bars 第4問 次の問い(A・B)に答えよ。 (配点 36) A 次の文章とグラフを読み, 下の問い(問1~3)のl 35 I~l 37 lに入れる のに最も適当なものを, それそ、れ下の①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 Scientists estimate that eight thousand years ago rainforests covered approximately60 million s(1uareki1ometersof the Earth s surface. Due to human destruction only about35 million square kilometers now remain. Even this relatively small area contains more than half of the world s estimated 10 million species of plants,animals and insects. The diversity is so great that scientists have,until now,succeeded in studying less thanonepercentof th(、 species living there. Native people who live in rainfo1-ests depend on them for food and shelter. Because trees have been cut down and burned,native people,unable to find enough food,have starved. Additionally,they have been killed or forced out of the rainforests by outsiders who have seized land tot-profit. The population of native people in the Brazilian rainforest,for example,has decreased over the past500 years f1-om approximately6 million to200,000. Rainforests are destroyed to make money from selling not only trees but also cattle and crops that are raised on the deal-ed land. However,experts say that rainforests will have more economic value if we leave them as they are and harvest their medicinal plants, oil-producing plants and fruits. This knowledge,plus the fact that native life is becoming extinct, led Brazil to introduce stronger rainforest protection laws at the beginning of this c(・ntury. These laws aim to protect native tribes,prevent illegal cutting of trees and expand the protected rainforest area. All countries that are contributing tot・he destruction of rainfo1-ests should begin their own efforts to protect them. Rainforests are essential to human survival. Therefore,we are all responsible for protecting this biological treasure. Annual Loss of the Brazilian Rainforest 1989-2006 km2 00000000 0000000 0000000 5,050505, 332211 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 問 1 According to the text,mof the species in today s rainforests have been investigated by researchers. ① at least half ② at least one percent ③ more than half ④ not even one percent 問2 The information in the text and the graph suggests that[ 36 l. ① in the early 1990s people became more aware of the value of rainforests ② stronger environmental laws in Brazil reduced deforestation after2004 ③ there is no hope that the rate of rainforest loss w加godown in the future ④ there were almost no trees left in the Brazilian rainforest after 1995 問3 According to the text,rainforests are[ 37 ]. ① home to almost a (1uarterof non-human life forms ② likely to make more money if they are not destroyed ③ places whet-e native people can exist easily and safely ④ protected ca1efu11y to raise cattle and plant crops B 次のぺージは, アメリカで体調を崩した日本人旅行者が現地の医療機関で診察 を受ける前に記入した書類である。次の問い(問1~3)を読み, l 38 I~ [ 40 ]に入れるのに最も適当なものを, それぞれ下の①~④のうちから一つず つ選べ。 問 1 According to the form,the man[ 38 ]. ① designs buildings for a living ② stayed overnight at the medical center in July ③ will pay all medical fees by himself ④ works for a trading company in Japan 問2 The information on the form tells us that the man[ 39 」 ① becanle 111 just afte1-1unch ② came here with his sick wife ③ has been sick for six days ④ was seriously 111 two years ago 問3 A symptom of the man s illness 1st 40 l ① a backache ② a digestion problem ③ a high temperature ④ a toothache Patient Name Sex_M_Date o「Birth ,?lt f list 10, l?78 Marital Status 國Single 口Married 口Widowed 口Divorced Home Address City To10lOState Zip code l53-0044 Homophone 十81-3-3434-l358 Work Phone 十81-3-5257-8235 Employment Status 国Employed 口Student 口Other Employer ABC Hot,so Occupation a c111fecl Employer Addres s Medical Information 1) What are your symptoms? (Please circle all that apply.) ① 0(38.5 I-/0) ② a chest pain,stomachache,other ③ adit「iculty in breathing ④ nausea ⑤ constipation,diarrhea ⑥ fainting,dizziness ⑦ others( ) 2) When did the symptoms start? Date Jl iy 20 Time l l 100 / rrl. 3)4)5) Previous serious illnesses Illnesses currently under treatment Are you allergic to any medication or If Yes,please provide details Today s Date、/ee4) 26, 2008 RKS Medical Center Patient Pre-Registration Form Personal Information Country 2-3-6 Payment Information m Insurance(MUST provide card) TO food?(Yes 0) 口 Self Pay(MUST pay in full EACH visit) Have you been admitted tea hospital overnight in the last60 days? Yes 口 No 國 第5問 次の問い(A~C)に答えよ。 (配点 18) A 次の絵の説明として最も適当なものを, 下の①~④のうちから一つ選べ。 I 41 」 ① All drum major uniforms at-e similar. They a11imclude high boots,white gloves and a tall hat,with a white feather near the top and cords ac1-oss the front. The letters on the front of the unit 01-m are always diffe1-ent,of course,as is the flag to be carried. However,all drum majo1-sleadthe mat-ching band in the same way,with high steps and arms held st1-aight. ② Many would say that the drum major is the most important part of tile marching band. He wears a special uniform and has a distinctive marching style. The uniform has buttons running up the center and he wears white gloves,white boots and a tall hat. The hat has three cords across the front and a white feather near the top. ③ Most people love to watch the drum major,with his distinctive uniform and special way of marching. From the feather displayed on the top of the tall hat to the high boots and white gloves,everyone thinks the outfit is splendid. What most people like best,though,is the way they lead the marching band baton in their left hand,arms swinging by their sides and their short,little steps. ④ Seeing the drum major lead the marching band live is very exciting. I-Ie marches out in front of the band,with his arms swinging and along,thin baton in his right hand. His uniform looks distinctive,with the school letters across the front and a row of buttons running up both sides. His hat is striking,with three white cords across the front and an eye_catching white feather set near the top. B 次の文章に合う絵として最も適当なものを, 下の①~④のうちから一つ選べ。 I 42 ] This type of bridge is made up of multiple connected sections. Thes(・ sections work together to help distribute the forces throughout th(,(、ntir(・ bridge,so that it can cross great distances and support a large amount of weight. The size of the components in each section is small,which mak(s this type of b1-idge ideal for places where long sections cannot be shipped or who,1-e la1-ge cranes and heavy equipment cannot be used during construction. However,a bridge of this type encloses the space above the1-oadway,possibly distracting drivers attention. ③ ② ④ C 次の漫画の内容に最も近いものを, 下の①~④のうちから一つ選べ。 「43 I ① Everyone in the Johnson family was working hard moving tothei1-new house. Some people were can-yingboxes. One of the hotpot-s was struggling with a large box but was able to put it down. Ashe sild it under a table,a box on top of the table hit a vase,which fell and broke intomanylittlepieces. Naturally,Mrs.Johnson became very upset,as the vase wasoneofher favorites. ② Everyone was rushing because the Johnsons were moving. The・ boxes were being packed and the helpers were taking them to the truck. On(、of the men was about to drop a heavy box,soho rushed to set it on a nearby table. Ashe did,a vase fell onto the floor,cracking. Mrs.Johnson was obviously furious,even though the vase did not break into pieces. ③ The Johnsons were busy moving. One of the helpers was carrying a box and put it on a table with another large box. However,he did not1lotice that there was a vase sitting behind that box. When he pushed the box further onto the table, the vase fell and broke on the fleet-. Understandably,Mrs.Johnson was vet-y angry that her favorite vase had been broken. ④ The Johnsons were moving and Mrs.Johnson was telling the helpers where to put boxes. One of the helpers put a box on a table. Little did 1、e know that there was a vase on the table,behind another box. When he pushed the box,the vase broke and folio「f the table.Not surp1-isingly, Mrs.Johnson was broken-hearted,as it was one that she liked very much. 第6問 次の文章を読み,下の問い(問1~7)のl 44 I~l 50 Iに入れるのに 最も適当なものを, それぞれ下の①~④のうちから一つずつ選べ。 (配点 42) (1) When I first entered university, my aunt, who is a professional translator,gave me a new English dictionary. I was puzzled tesco that it was a monolingual dictionary,which meant that everything was in English. Although it was a dictiona1-y intended for learners,none of my classmat(、s had one and,to be honest,I found it extremely difficult to use at first. I would look up words in the dictionary and still not fully understand the meanings. I was used to the familiar bilingual dictionaries,in which the entries are in English and their equivalents are given in Japanese. I really wondered why my aunt decided to make things so difficult tot-file. Now, after studying English at university tot three years, I understand that monolingualdictiona1-ies play a crucial role in learning a foreign language. (2) When I started to learn English at the age of ten,I wanted to pick up as much basic vocabula1-y as possible and created what might be called a simple bilingual“dictionary”for myself. This consisted of English words andth(11- equivalents in Japanese written on cards. I would put the English word on one side of a card and the Japanese equivalent on the other. I found this to be a convenient feoffor memorizing basic everyday words. (3) In high school I was assigned longer texts which had a taj-ger vocabulary, so I started to use a standard English-Japanese bilingual dictionary. Such dictionaries contain a large number of commonly used English words. Each item comes with a pronunciation guide,its e(luivalents in Japanese,a note on its grammatical functions,and examples of how it is used. (4) For those working as professional translators and interpreters,the1-e a1-(、 more specialized bilingual dictionaries. My aunt often translates articles submitted tointernationalmedicaljournals,so she uses a bilingual dictionary devoted to medicine. Such dictionaries,available in various fields,tend to omit words like“come”or“go”used in an everyday sense;on the other hand, they contain highly specialized terms not found in standa1-d bilingual dictionaries. For example,in a bilingualmedicaldictiona1-y,one can linda term like“basal body temperature,”which is unfamilia1-tomost people - an expression referring to the temperature when the body is at rest. (5) Then,if bilingual dictionaries are so useful,why did my aunt giv(・me a monolingual dictionary? As I found out,the1-e is,in fact,often no pet-f(・ct equivalence between wo1-ds in one language and those in anothe1-. My aunt even goes sofar as to claim that a Japanese“e(1uivalent”can never give you the real meaning of a word in English! Therefore she insisted that I read the definition of a word in a monolingual dictionary whet] I wanted toobtai1la better understanding of its meaning. Gradually,I have come tesco what silo meant. (6) Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has benefited me in anoth(」r important way-my passive vocabulary (words I can understand) has increasingly become an active vocabulaly (words I actually use). This dictiona1-y uses a limited number of words,around2,000,in its When Ii-cad these definitions,I am repeatedly exposed to basic words and how they are used to explain objects and concepts. Because of this,I can express myself more easily in English. (7) Once I got used to the monolingual dictionary for learners,I discovered another kind of monolingual dictionary,which is particularly useful when writi1]g essays or preparing presentations. This is what can be called a find-the-right-wo1-d”dictionary. Thisldndof dictionary enables me to(erne up with an alternative,and sometimes met-e precise,expression for a wo1-d1 am already familiar with. For example,if 1100k up“difficult,”I will find a group of related te1-ms such as “challenging,” “tough,” “hard,” a1ld demanding.”A word like“important”will lead me to“significant,”“crucial,” essential,”“influential,”and“major.” (8) What I realize now is that both monolingual and bilingualdictiona1-i(、s have particular uses,and your choice of dictionary depends on your aims. If you wish to understand the general meaning of texts in a foreignla1lguage and have no need to express your own ideas in the language,you may 」[ind a bilingual dictionary sufficient. If you work as a professional translator,you will find it necessary to use specialized bilingual dictionaries. I-Iowever,if your ultimate goals at-e to understand a foreign language clearly alld to speak 01-write the language using a va1-ietyof words,I strongly recomm( nd that you obtain a monolingual dictionary once you have command of a basic vocabulary. I feel I owe the prog1-ess I have made in English to the wisdom of my aunt. 問 1 When the writer received the dictionary from his aunt,he did not find it easy to use because l 44 l. ①②③④ entries were an-anged in an unfamilia1-order he was not used to reading definitions in English it often did not contain the meanings he was looking for most of his friends only used bilingual dictionaries 問2 The type of dictiona1-ydesc1-ibed in paragraph(3)is different fromthos(、 explained in paragraphs(2)and(4)in that it[ 45 I. ①②③④ includes a1otof information aboutordinaly words and their usage・ is more convenient for those just beginning to learn a language is too advanced for mostlanguageleanlers to use effectively lists highly specialized terms used by language professionals 問3 Which of the following examples best fits the aunt s view that“a Japa11es, e(luivalent can never give you the real meaning of a word inE11glish”? 「46 、 ① A deal-stress falls on the fit-st pa1-tof the word“water,”which is not always the case with mlzt1. ② Thelette1-“t”in“water”can be pronounced as for d,but th(、“z”in mlzu is almost always pronounced as z. ③ Unlike“water,”“mlzu can be written using diffe1-ent w1-iting syst_s such as katakana,hiragalta and Chinese characters. ④ “Water”is not the same as“mizubecause the former can ref(、r to hot or cold water,unlike the latter. 問4 By using the type of monolingualdictiona1-y desc1-ibed in parag1-aph(6),the writer「47 ]. ①②③④ became more active in explaining concepts to others greatly expanded his passive English vocabulary improved his speaking and writing skills in English was able to count words in English more easily 問 5 Through using a“find-the-right-wo1-d”dictionary,one cant 48 l ①②③④一 come up with more precise Japanese equivalents for English words find the precise meanings of words that at-e no longer used learn to use a variety of words with related meanings write an essay or prepare a presentation in a shorter time 問6 When paragraphs(1)through(8)are divided into foul-groups according to the topic of each,which grouping is most appropriate? l 49 l Group 1 Group2 G1-oup3 Group4 ① (1) (2)(3)(4)(5) (6)(7) (8) ② (1) (2)(3)(4) (5)(6)(7) (8) ③ (1)(2) (3)(4)(5) (6)(7) (8) ④ (1)(2) (3)(4) (5)(6)(7) (8) 問7 The writer implies that l 50 」 ① by continuing to use only bilingual dictionaries,learners are less Ilk( 1y1o achieve a good command of a language ② learners should start to use monolingual dictionaries as soon as they begin to study English ③ the role of bilingual dictionaries is declining and monolingual dictionaries are becoming more popular ④ when learners look up a word in a monolingual dictionary,they should also check the word in a bilingual dictionary
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2009年 管弦の遊興をして大騒ぎする。 私は何をするためにこの御儀を見たのだろう。 不誠実であれとお思いなのか。 他の左大将家の女君たちはあて宮に比べて、この上なく劣って見える。 起き上がる気力もないほど、あて宮に心を奪われ懊悩する仲頼の様子。 私の愛情のために夫が泣くのではないかと妻は思って。 2008年 少しばかりもその霊験と思われることがなく。 これを、決して頂くつもりはない。 けしからぬことである。 女は、我が身の前世の果報が拙いことを、自ずと思い知って。 観音が私に御帳の唯を下さったとも知らないような僧。 重大な訴訟での女の主張が必ず認められた。 女が裕福な生活を送っている状態。 2007年 一度、こまごまとお聞きになることさえなかなかないのに。 お気にとめて見定めなさったのだろうか。 堀河院が、申し文に対して自ら指示をお出しになったというのは。 堀河院に対する、やりすぎであり、自分には認められないという気持ち。 堀河院に物の怪がとり憑き、これからそれを祓う祈祷が始まるということ。 伊勢神宮の訴えを奏上する為隆に、堀河院が笛を吹いて返事をしなかったこと。 私が探したところ、為隆は退出してしまった。 2006年 少し横を向いて座っている。 車は、牛が都合つかないで、馬があります。 ほんのすぐそばの所であるから、差し支えない。 一生、男と同居していけると思っていたのに、月の明るく照る中、 自分からそこを行かねばならないという、暗く悲しい気持ち、 男の、新しい妻を迎えるため家を出て行かせる女のことを気の毒に思う気持ち。 女は男の優しさが身にしみてたいそうつらいが、耐え忍んで何も言わない。 女のかわいらしさに手放すのが惜しく、またこれからの居場所を知りたいと思う気持ち。 2005年 聞こえてきたことの演奏は、あの人、姫君の行為では、よもやあるまい。 情趣を解する心のあった都の人々に、この住吉の景を見せたいことよ。 男君は私のことを恋しくお思いでいるのである 風情ある歌声を侍従の声と聞きなした。 私を尋ねるのが当然の人もいない渚の住の江に、私が誰を待って 松風が絶えることなく吹いているのだろうか。 姫君の居場所をつきとめたのに、侍従が会わせようとしないから。 旅というのは馴れ馴れしく無礼なことばかりであります 2004年 あふれんばかりに花瓶にさし。 いつの間にか成長して美しくなり。 あちらから声をかけるのも憚られたのだろうか。 亡くなりました母の顔つきに、驚くほど似通っておいでのようだわ。 七年ぶりに帰郷し、後一月二月で肉親と再開できるのが嬉しいから。 道路にあらゆる 道路にあらゆる身分の人があふれ、馬や車が縦横に行き交う。 活気に満ちあふれ、繁栄している江戸の風景。 昔と変わらず賑う江戸の光景を実際に目にし帰郷したことを実感したから。 恨めしげにこちらを見つめる見なれない少女が、実は成長した妹であること。 2003年 観音がお与えになったのであるようだ。 どうしてこの鹿を急に食べようか、いや、食べはしない。 聖のお食事もないだろう。 どのようにして聖はこのところお過ごしだろうか。 聖は柱をも割って食べてしまえばよいのになあ。 僧である自分が仏の教えに背いて鹿の肉を食べたこと。