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Unturned 25/10/13 Patch Notes Patch - 11/12 Patch 12 ADDITIONS New skin colors for gold members. TWEAKS Fixed floating zombies. Fixed hitmarkers on dead animals. Patch 11 ADDITIONS GPS item. Map item. [might lag due to secondary render] Refillable water bottle. Reset savedata button on menu. Menu tutorials for all buttons. [can be closed by clicking on] Zombies can climb. Stop signs. TWEAKS Sleeping bags are craftable. Chests require more resources to craft. Less zombies. More mooses. Fixed barricades sliding when placed. Moved title text and patch data. Zombies attack barricades better. More barricade spawns. Better HUD efficiency. Fixed spikes hitting zombies. Fixed ping flashing to 999. [999 means not connectable] Zombie damage redone so a headshot does a lot of damage versus low body damage. Fixed a specific rock collider. Unturned 24/10/13 Patch Notes - Patch 9/10 Patch 10 TWEAKS Separated fullscreen and focus checks which might fix mac version. The resolution swapped to is now the current resolution which might fix resolution crash. Fixed a loading crash. Patch 9 ADDITIONS A sofa. A stove. A booth. A stool. A fridge. A barrel. A silo. Secret mountain fort. Diner/cafe. New house model. Bridge and river. Outdated versions of the game get locked out after a patch. TWEAKS Animal networking is improved. Military weapons are rarer. Civilian weapons are less rare. Unturned 23/10/13 Patch Notes - Patch 8 ADDITIONS A new town. A gas station. Jump bobbing for viewmodels and camera. View shake when hurt. TWEAKS Made a HUGE network optimization that will reduce lag when hosting by a lot. Fixed terrain colliders so that rocks and hay bales work again. Fixed four way road mesh. Fixed another PvE bug with grenades. Fixed spikes and barbed wire in PvE. Increased food spawns. Fixed toggling lights when interacting. Unturned 22/10/13 Patch Notes - Patch 7 TWEAKS Doors are only unlocked for the owners and their clans. Doors are a lot stronger. Grenades don t damage people on PvE servers anymore. Fixed a bug causing a resolution error. NOTE Try right clicking on the game and clicking fullscreen. Fixed a bug with blur crashing the game. Fixed some day/night inefficiencies. Fixed light streaks at nighttime. Added ping to server list which use the official API, but some networks are having errors with it. Unturned 21/10/13 Patch Notes - Patch 6 ADDITIONS Dock area. Lighthouse. Loot fixes. TWEAKS Fixed nighttime lighting. Unturned 20/10/13 Patch Notes - Patch 5 ADDITIONS A road to the castle. Texture quality setting. Autowalk key. [capslock] Watch item. Started coastline. Map borders. TWEAKS Fixed a crash when taking chests, campfires or doors. Improved GC efficiency of stats, daynight, etc. Allocated pointers for loops. Optimized render distances. Fixed several geometry bugs. Improved particle efficiency. Reduced pixel light maximum count. Gold accounts see title text in gold. Optimized collision matrix. Fixed Remington ammo bugs. Fixed crafting scroll bugs. Temporarily removed rocks and hay due to tons of processing required for collisions until a fix is found. Fixed some HUGE networking issues with items allowing duping and large numbers of spawns.
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Skills(技能, スキル, Skill) ⇒技能 関連 GURPS第4版、GURPS第3版共通 呪文(Spell) GURPS第4版 テクニック(Technique) GURPS第3版 格闘動作
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SECTION I - TOWARD A HEALTHIER AMERICA CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY The health of the American people has never been better. In this century we have witnessed a remarkable reduction in the life-threatening infectious and communicable diseases. Today, seventy-five percent of all deaths in this country are due to degenerative diseases such as heart disease, stroke and cancer (Figure 1-A). Accidents rank as the most frequent cause of death from age one until the early forties. Environmental hazards and behavioral factors also exact an unnec- essarily high toll on the health of our people. But we have gained important insights into the preven- tion of these problems as well. It is the thesis of this report that further im- provements in the health of the American people can and will be achieved--not alone through increased medical care and greater health expenditures--but through a renewed national commitment to efforts designed to prevent disease and to promote health. This report is presented as a guide to insure even greater health for the American people and an improved quality of life for themselves, their children and their children s children. Americans Today are Healthier Than Ever Since 1900, the death rate in the United States has been reduced from 17 per 1,000 persons per year to less than nine per 1,000 (Figure 1-B). If mortality rates for certain diseases prevailed today as they did at the turn of the century, almost 400,000 Americans would lose their lives this year to tuberculosis, almost 300,000 to gastroenteritis, 80,000 to diphtheria, and 55,000 to poliomyelitis. Instead, the toll of-all four diseases will be less than 10,000 lives. - - 1-3 FIGURE 1-A DEATHS FOR SELECTED CAUSES AS A PERCENT OF ALL DEATH UNITED STATES, SELECTED YEARS, 190 1877 Influenza and weumonia 100 90 60 70 60 I- f 0 60 f 40 I- 30 I- 2c I- ia l- 0 m Major cardiovascular diseases 0 All other causes 1900 1920 1940 1960 1970 1977 NOTE 1977 data are pro”,mnal. ata ‘or #I Other year5 are flrldl. Source National Center for Health Statistics, Division of Vital Statistics l-2 FIGURE 16 FIGURE 16 DEATH BATES BY AGE UNeTED STATES, DEATH BATES BY AGE UNeTED STATES, SELECTED YEARS lsoOl977 SELECTED YEARS lsoOl977 170- 65 years and over 65 years and over 60 - 50 - 40 - 30 - 20 - - 1524 v-* 0.8 - 0.7 - 0.6 - 0.5 - z. 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1960 SOURCE National Center for Health Statistics, Division of Vital Statistics. 1-3 We status 0 have seen other impressive gains in health in the past few years. In 1977, a record low of 14 infant deaths per 1,000 live births was achieved. Between 1960 and 1975, the difference in infant mortality rates for nonwhites and whites has cut in half. Between 1950 and 1977, the mortality rate for children aged one to 14 was halved. A baby born in this country today can be expected to live more than 73 years on average, while a baby born in 1900 could be expected to live only 47 years. Deaths due to heart disease decreased in the United States by 22 percent between 1968 and 1977. During the past decade the expected life span for Americans has increased by- 2.7 years. In the previous decade it increased by only one year. For this, much of the credit must go to earlier efforts at prevention, based on new knowledge which we have obtained through research. Nearly all the gains against the once-great killers--which also included typhoid fever, smallpox, and plague--have come as the result of improvements in sanitation, housing, nutrition, and immunization. These are all important to disease prevention. Rut some of the recent gains are due to measures people have taken to help themselves--changes in lifestyles resulting from a growing awareness of the impact of certain habits on health. Can We Do Better? To be sure, as a Nation we have been expending large amounts of money for health care. l-4 0 From 1960 to 1978 our total spending as a Nation for health care mushroomed from $27 billion to $192 billion. 0 In 1960 we spent less than six percent of our GNP on health care. Today, the total is about nine percent. Almost 11 cents of every federal dollar goes to health expenditures. 0 In the years from 1960 to 1978 annual health expenditures increased over 700 percent. Yet, our 700 percent increase in health spending has not yielded the striking improvements over the last 20 years that we might have hoped for. To a great extent these increased expenditures have been directed to treatment of disease and disability, rather than prevention. Though, particularly in recent years, we have made strides in prevention, much is yet to be accomplished. For example, recent figures indicate that we still lag behind several other industrial nations in the health status of our citizens 0 12 others do better in preventing deaths from cancer; l 26 others have a lower death rate from circulatory disease; 0 11 others do a better job of keeping babies alive in the first year of life; and 0 14 others have a higher level of life expectancy for men and six others have a higher level for women. Prevention - An Idea Whose Time Has Come Clearly, the American people are deeply inter- ested in improving their health. The increased l-5 attention now being paid to exercise, nutrition, environmental health and occupational safety testify to their interest and concern with health promotion and disease prevention. The linked concepts of disease prevention and health promotion are certainly not novel. Ancient Chinese texts discussed ways of life to maintain good health--and in classical Greece, the followers of the gods of medicine associated the healing arts not only with the god Aesculapius but with his two daughters, Panacea and Hygeia. While Panacea was involved with medication of the sick, her sister Hygeia was concerned with living wisely and pre- serving health. In the modern era, there have been periodic surges of interest leading to major advances in pre- vention. The sanitary reforms of the latter half of the 19th century and the introduction of effective vaccines in the middle of the 20th century are two examples. But, during the 1950s and 196Os, concern with the treatment of chronic diseases and lack of knowledge about their causes resulted in a decline in emphasis on prevention. Now, however, with the growing understanding of causes and risk factors for chronic diseases, the 1980s present new opportunities for major gains. Prevention is an i ea whose time has come. We have the scientific knowledge to begin to formulate recommendations for improved health. And, although the degenerative diseases differ from their infec- tious disease predecessors in having more--and more complex--causes, it is now clear that many are preventable. Challenges for Prevention We are now able to identify some of the major risk factors responsible for most of the premature morbidity and mortality in this country. l-6 Cigarette Smoking Cigarette smoking is the single most preventable cause of death. It is clear that cigarette smoking causes most cases of lung cancer--and that fact is underscored by a consistent decline in death rates from lung cancer for former male cigarette smokers who have abstained for 10 years or more. Cigarette smoking is now also identified as a major factor increasing risk for heart attacks. Even in the absence of other important risk factors for heart disease--such as high blood pressure and elevated serum cholesterol--smoking nearly doubles the risk of heart attack for men. Though the actual cause of the unprecedented decline in heart disease in the last ten years is not entirely understood, it is noteworthy that the prevalence of these three risk factors also declined nationally during this same period. Alcohol and Drugs Misuse of alcohol and drugs exacts a substantial toll of premature death, illness, and disability. Alcohol is a factor in more than 10 percent of all deaths in the United States. The proportion of heavy drinkers in the population grew substantially in the 196Os, to reach the highest recorded level since 1850. Of particular concern is the growth in use of both alcohol and drugs among the Nation s youth. Problems resulting from these trends are sub- stantial--but preventable. Our ability to deal with them depends, in many ways, more on our skills in mobilizing individuals and groups working together in the schools and communities, than on the efforts of the health care system. l-7 Occupational Risks Also more widely recognized as threats to health are certain occupational hazards. In fact, it is now estimated that up to 20 percent of total cancer mortality may be associated with these hazards. The true dimensions of the asbestos hazard, for example, have become manifest only after a latency period of perhaps 30 years. And rubber and plastic workers, as well as workers in some coke oven jobs, are exhibiting significantly higher cancer rates than the general population. Yet, once these occupational hazards are de- fined, they can be controlled. Safer materials may be substituted; manufacturing processes may be changed to prevent release of offending agents; hazardous materials can be isolated in enclosures; exhaust methods and other engineering techniques may be used to control the source; special clothing and other protective devices may be used; and efforts can be made to educate and motivate workers and managers to comply with safety procedures. Injuries Injuries represent still another area in which the toll of human life is great. Accidents account for roughly 50 percent of the fatalities for individuals between the ages of 15 to 24. But the highest death rate for accidents occurs among the elderly, whose risk of fatal injury is nearly double that of adolescents and young adults. In 1977, highway accidents killed 49,000 people and led to 1,800,OOO disabling injuries. In 1977, firearms claimed 32,000 lives, and were second only to motor vehicles as a cause of fatal injury. Falls, burns, poisoning, adverse drug reactions and recreational accidents all accounted for a significant share of accident-related deaths. l-8 Again, the potential to reduce these tragic and avoidable deaths lies less with improved medical care than with better Federal, State, and local actions to foster more careful behavior, and provide safer environments. Smoking, occupational hazards, alcohol and drug abuse, and injuries are examples of the prominent challenges to prevention, and there are many others. But the clear message is that much of today s premature death and disability can be avoided. And the effort need not require vast expend- itures of dollars. In fact, modest expenditures can yield high dividends in terms of both lives saved and improvement in the quality of life for our citizens. A Reordering of our Health Priorities In 1974. the Government of Canada published A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians. It introduced a useful concept which views all causes of death and disease as having four contributing elements a inadequacies in the existing health care system; 0 behavioral factors or unhealthy lifestyles; 0 environmental hazards; and 0 human biological factors. Using that framework, a group of American ex- perts developed a method for assessing the relative contributions of each of the elements to many health probl s. Analysis in which the method was applied to the 10 leading causes of death in 1976 suggests that perhaps as much as half of U.S. mortality in 1976 was due to unhealthy behavior or lifestyle; 20 percent to environmental factors; 20 percent to human biological factors; and only 10 percent to inadequacies in health care. l-9 Even though these data are approximations, the implications are important. Lifestyle factors should be amenable to change by individuals who understand and are given support in their attempts to change. Many environmental factors can be altered at rela- tively low costs. Inadequacies in disease treatment should be correctable within the limits of tech- nology and resources as they are identified. Even some biological factors (e.g., genetic disorders) currently beyond effective influence may ultimately yield to scientific discovery. There is cause to believe that further gains can be anticipated. The larger implication of this analysis is that we need to re-examine our priorities for national health spending. Currently only four percent of the Federal health dollar is specifically identified for pre- vention related activities. Yet, it is clear that improvement i n the health status of our citizens will not be made predominately through the treatment of disease but rather through its prevention. This is recognized in the growing consensus about the need for, and value of, disease prevention and health promotion. Several recent conferences at the national level have been devoted to exploring the opportunities in prevention. Professional organizations in the health sector are re-evaluating the role of preven- tion in their work. The President and the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare have made strong public endorsements of prevention. And a rapidly growing interest has emerged in the Congress. The Federal interest is paralleled by great interest in the State health agencies. There are three overwhelming reasons why a new, strong emphasis on prevention-- at all levels of governments and by all our citizens--is essential. l- 10 First,, prevention saves lives. Second, prevention improves the quality of life. Finally, it can save dollars in the long run. In an era of runaway health costs, preventive action for health is cost-effective. Prevention - A Renewed Conxnitment In 1964, a Surgeon s General s Report on Smoking and Health was issued. This report pointed to the critical link between cigarette smoking and several fatal or disabling diseases. In 1979, another re- port was issued based on the knowledge gained from over 24,000 new scientific studies--studies which revealed that smoking is even more dangerous than initially supposed. In recent years, our knowledge of important pre- vention measures in other critical areas of health and disease has also increased manyfold. This, the first Surgeon General s Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, is far broader in scope than the earlier Surgeon General s reports. It is the product of a comprehensive review of prevention activities by participants from both the public and private sectors. The process has in- volved scientists, educators, public officials, business and labor representatives, voluntary organizations, and many others. Preparation of the report was a cooperative effort of the health agencies of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, aided by papers from the National Academy of Sciences Institute of Medicine and the 1978 Departmental Task Force on Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Core papers from both documents are available separately as background papers to this report. l-11 The report s central theme is that the health of this Nation s citizens can be significantly improved through actions individuals can take themselves, and through actions decision makers in the public and private sector can take to promote a safer and healthier environment for all Americans at home, at work and at play. For the individual often only modest lifestyle changes are needed to substantially reduce risk for several diseases. And many of the personal deci- sions required to reduce risk for one disease can reduce it for others. Within the practical grasp of most Americans are simple measures to enhance the prospects of good health, including 0 elimination of cigarette smoking; 0 reduction of alcohol misuse; 0 moderate dietary changes to reduce intake of excess calories, fat, salt and sugar; 0 moderate exercise; 0 periodic screening (at intervals determined by age and sex) for major disorders such as high blood pressure and certain cancers; and 0 adherence to speed laws and use of seat belts. Widespread adoption of these practices could go far to improve the health of our citizens. Additionally, it is important to emphasize that physical health and mental health are often linked. Both are enhanced through the maintenance of strong family ties, the assistance of supportive friends, and the use of cotwnunity support systems. For decision makers in the public and private sector, a recognition of the relationship between 1-12 health and the physical environment can lead to actions that can greatly reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by accidents, air, water and food contamination, radiation exposure, excessive noise, occupational hazards, dangerous consumer products and unsafe highway design. The opportunities are, therefore, great. But if those opportunities are to be captured we must be focused in our efforts. An important purpose of this report is to en- hance both individual and national perspective on prevention through identification of priorities and specification of measurable goals. Americans have a deep interest in improving their health. This report is offered to help them achieve that goal. l-13 CHAPTER 2 RISKS TO GOOD HEALTH Disease and disability are not inevitable events to be experienced equally by all. Each of us at birth--because of heredity, socioeconomic background of parents, or prenatal exposure--may have some chance of developing a health problem. But, throughout life, probabilities depending upon individual change experience with risk factors--the environmental and behavioral influences capable of provoking ill health with or without previous predisposition. Most serious illnesses--such as heart disease and cancer --are related to several factors. And some risk factors--among them, cigarette smoking, poor dietary habits, severe emotional stress-- increase probabilities for several illnesses. Moreover, synergism operates. The combined po- tential for harm of many risk factors is more than the sum of their individual potentials. They interact, reinforce, even multiply each other. Asbestos workers, for example, have increased lung cancer risk. Asbestos workers who smoke have 30 times more risk than co-workers who do not smoke--and 90 times more than people who neither smoke nor work with asbestos. It is the controllability of many risks--and, often, the significance of controlling even only a few--that lies at the heart of disease prevention and health promotion. 2-l Major Risk Categories Inherited Biological Heredity determines basic biological charac- teristics and these may be of a nature to increase risk for certain diseases. Heredity plays a part in susceptibility to some mental disorders, infectious diseases, and common chronic diseases such as certain cancers, heart disease, lung disease, and diabetes--in addition to disorders more generally recognized as inherited, such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. Actually, however, disease usually results from an interaction between genetic endowment and the individual s total environment. And although the relative contributions vary from disease to disease, major risk factors for the common chronic diseases are environmental and behavioral--and, therefore, amenable to change. Even familial tendencies toward disease may be explained in part by similarities of environmental and behavioral factors within a family. Environmental Evidence is increasing that onset of ill health is strongly linked to influences in physical, social, economic and family environments. Influences in the physical environment that increase risk include contamination of air, water, and food; workplace hazards; radiation exposure; excessive noise; dangerous consumer products; and unsafe highway design. Over the past 100 years, man has markedly al- tered the physical environment. While many changes reflect important progress, rew health hazards have come in their wake. The environment has become host to many thousands of synthetic chemicals, with new ones being introduced at an annual rate of about l,OOO--and to byproducts of transportation, manufac- turing, agriculture and energy production processes. 2-2 Factors in the socioeconomic environment which affect health include income level, housing, and employment status. For many reasons, the poor face more and different health risks than people in higher income groups inadequate medical care with too few preventive services; more hazardous physical environment; greater stress; less education; more unemployment or unsatisfying job frustration; and income inadequate for good nutrition, safe housing, and other basic needs. Family relationships also constitute an impor- tant environmental component for health. Drastic alterations may occur in family circum- stances as spouses die or separate, children leave home, or an elderly parent moves in. An abrupt major change in social dynamics can create emotional stress severe enough to trigger serious physical illness or even death. On the other hand, loving family support can contribute to mental and physical well-being and provide a stable, nurturing atmosphere within which children can grow and develop in a healthy manner. Behavioral Personal habits play critical roles in the development of many serious diseases and in injuries from violence and automobile accidents. Many of today s most pressing health problems are related to excesses--of smoking, drinking, faulty nutrition, overuse of medications, fast driving, and relentless pressure to achieve. In fact, of the 10 leading causes of death in the United States (Figure 2-A), at least seven could be substantially reduced if persons at risk improved just five habits diet, smoking, lack of exercise, alcohol abuse, and use of antihypertensive medication. Risk Variability Because risk factors interact in different ways, population groups which differ because of geographic 2-3 Figure 2-A Causes of Death by Life Stages, 1977 PROBLEM Chronic Dlseaser AGE QROUPS Infants (Under 1) Rank Rate’ Adolescents/ Older Total Children Yourq Adults Adults Adults Adults Population (1-14) (15-24) (25-44) (45-64) (Over 65) (all ages) Rank Rate’ Rank Rate’ Rank Rate’ Rank Rater Rank Rate’ Rank Rater Heart Disease 7 1.1 6 2.5 2 25.5 1 351 .o 1 2334.1 1 332.3 Stroke 8 .6 9 1.2 8 6.1 3 52.4 3 656.2’ 3 04.1 Arteriosclerosis 5 116.5’ 9 13.3 Sronchitls. Emphysema, (L Asthma 10 12.2 6 69.3 Cancer 3 4.9 5 6.5 1 29.7 2 302.7 2 966.5 2 170.7 Diabetes Mellitus 10 .4 10 2.4 8 i 7.8 6 io9.5 7 15.2 Cirrhosis of the Liver 7 6.6 4 39.2 9 36.7 a 14.5 Influenza and Pneumonia Menlngltls Septicemia Trauma 5 50.6 6 1.5 a 1.3 9 3.0 9 15.3 4 169.7 5 23.i 8 .6 6 32.7 Accidents Motor vehicle accidents All other accidents Suicide Homicide Dwetapmental Probkmr 2 9.0 1 44.1 3 23.1 7 10.3 1 0 24.5 6 22.5 7 27.7 1 10.6 2 16.4 4 16.5 5 25.5 7 78.1 4 24.E 10 .4 3 13.6 5 17.3 6 19.1 9 13.3 5 1.6 4 12.7 6 15.6 Immaturity associated 1 467.7 Sirth+ssociated 2 294.4 Congenital birth defects 3 253.1 4 3.6 7 1.6 Sudden Infant deaths 4 142.0 All eeusee 1412.1 43.1 117.1 182.5 l,wo.o 5266.1 070.1 ‘Rate per 100.000 live blrths. Rate per 100.000 emulation In swcitied orour). location, we, and/or socioeconomic strata can experience substantial variability in disease incidence. And investigations of the variability can provide important clues about the extent to which major causes of disease and death may be preventable. Contrasts between different groups within the United States will be discussed throughout Section II. Here, it is interesting to note some of the striking influences which international variations in habits and environs can have. For example, an American man, compared to a Japanese man of the same age, is at 1.5 times higher risk of death from all causes, five times higher for death from heart disease, and four times higher for death from lung cancer. And for breast cancer, the death rate for American women is four times as great as for Japanese women. On the other hand, a Japanese man is eight times as likely to die from stomach cancer as his American counterpart. Other Western countries such as England and Wales, Sweden, and Canada have experiences generally paralleling our own although rates vary somewhat from country to country. The importance of environment and cultural habits, rather than heredity alone, is suggested by studies of Japanese citizens who have moved to the United States. They indicate that, with respect to cardiovascular disease and cancer, families who migrate tend to assume the disease patterns of their adopted country. Age-Related Risks From infancy to old age, staying healthy is an ever-changing task. The diseases that affect young children are not, for the most part, major problems for adolescents. From adolescence through early adulthood, accidents and violence take the largest toll. And these are superseded a few decades later by chronic illness--heart disease, stroke and can- cer. Figure 2-A depicts major causes of death by life stages. In one respect, this age orientation is mis- leading. Although heart disease, stroke, and cancer are commonly regarded as adult health problems, their roots--and, indeed, the roots of many adult chronic diseases--may be found in early life. Early eating patterns, exercise habits, and exposure to cancer-causing substances all can affect the likeli- hood of developing disease many years later. Some studies have found high blood pressure and high blood levels of cholesterol in many American chil- dren. The presence of two such potent risk factors for heart disease and stroke at early ages point to the need to regard health promotion and disease prevention as lifelong concerns. At each stage of life, different steps can be taken to maximize well-being--and the health goals described in the next section deal with the major health problems of each group.* Assessing Risk Risk estimates are derived by comparing the fre- quency of deaths, illnesses or injuries from a spe- cific cause in a group having some specific trait or risk factor, with the frequency in another group not having that trait, or in the population as a whole. Some diseases may occur more frequently in a small population group--for example, a rare type of liver cancer among workers handling vinyl chloride. Such a high risk group, of course, is not difficult to identify although many deaths may occur before the disease cause is clearly established. The Nation s leading health problems are not only those which cause death. Other significant condi- tions--such as mental illness, arthritis, learning disorders, and childhood infectious diseases--pro- voke considerable sickness, disability, suffering, and economic loss. These problems are considered in this report--but, for overview purposes, the leading causes of death provide useful indications of some of the prominent risk factors faced by each age group. 2-6 But increases in more common diseases not con- fined to isolated population groups may be much more difficult to attribute to a specific cause. For example, after cigarette smoking was widely adopted, lung cancer rates began to increase dramatically, not immediately but after about a ZO-year interval. Because of the large numbers of diverse people and the long interval involved, many theories had to be considered before the direct link between cigarette smoking and lung cancer was firmly established. The presence of a risk factor need not inevita- bly presage disease or death. But those events can arise from the cumulative effect of adverse impacts on health. The chain of events may be short, as in a highway accident, or long and complex, as in the development of coronary artery disease and the heart attack which may follow. Some diseases may involve a single significant risk, such as lack of immunization. Others involve many contributing factors. Those associated with coronary artery disease, for example, include hered- ity, diet, smoking, uncontrolled hypertension, over- weight, lack of exercise, stress, and possibly other unknown factors. The Role of the Individual Because there are limits to what medical care can presently do for those already sick or injured, people clearly need to make a greater effort to reduce their risk of incurring avoidable diseases and injuries. This is not to suggest that individuals have complete control and are totally responsible for their own health status. For example, although socioeconomic factors are powerful determinants, in- dividuals have limited control over them. Nor can they readily decrease many environmental risks. The role of the individual in bringing about environ- mental change is usually restricted to that of the concerned citizen applying pressure at key points in the system or process. But the individual must rely 2-7 in large part on the efforts of public health offi- cials and others to reduce hazards. People must make personal lifestyle choices, too, in the context of a society that glamorizes many hazardous behaviors through advertising and the mass media. Moreover, our society continues to support industries producing unhealthful products, enacts and enforces unevenly laws against behaviors such as driving while intoxicated, and offers ambig- uous messages about the kinds of behavior that are advisable. Finally, although people can take many actions to reduce risk of disease and injury through changes in personal behavior, the health consequences are seldom visible in the short run. Even when the in- dividual knows that a habit such as eating excessive amounts of high-calorie, fatty food is not good, available options may be limited. And some habits such as alcohol abuse and smoking may have become addictive. To imply, therefore, that personal behavior choices are entirely within the power of the indi- vidual is misleading. Yet, even awareness of risk factors difficult or impossible to change may prompt people to make an extra effort to reduce risks more directly under their control and thus lessen overall risk of disease and injury. Healthy behavior, including judicious use of preventive health care services, is a significant area of individual re- sponsibility for both personal and family health. The following sections of this report will clarify the role of various risk factors in disease and disability. 2-8 SECTION II - HEALTH GOALS FIVE NATIONAL GOALS What should--and reasonably can--be our national goals for health promotion and disease prevention? They must be concerned with the major health problems and the associated--and preventable--risks for them at each of the principal stages of life infancy . . childhood . . adolescence and young adulthood . . adulthood . . and older adulthood. This section examines those problems and risks and presents specific, quantified objectives for each stage. They are realistic objectives--based upon our own recent mortality trends for each age group, the rates achieved in other countries with resources similar to our own, and the very great likelihood that a reasonable, affordable effort can make the goals achievable.
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【Tags 1 H Nata-P NataP t1 tA tO Luka】 Original Music Title 1000001colors Music Lyrics written, Voice edited by ナタP (Nata-P) Music arranged by ナタP (Nata-P) Singer 巡音ルカ (Megurine Luka) Click here for the original Japanese Lyrics English Lyrics (translated by lygerzero0zero)： The path I take there, the path I take home On this bridge that seems like it goes on forever If I cross over it, if I forget about it If I go off towards some distant unknown place It's somebody's fault, it's somebody's sake Over and over, you shrug it off and say, Throwing yesterday away, as if you've given up on tomorrow I close my eyelids again, and see insidethem Those pieces of you, shattered into a million colors Just like the stars above, sparkled over and over again They faded into a million-colored monochrome That dream I once saw Even now, I line it up on my palette as I paint The everything of this blank and brilliant world The passing rain, the sudden rain When did it start falling upon this bridge? If I could go back, if I can bring myself to recall How you held out that umbrella, and something else important I tried to gaze up at the sky, tried to think of somebody Over and over, and then I cast my eyes down Something a bit like pain seems to have been left faintly behind In the palm of my clenched hand Those pieces of you, broken into a million colors Just like fine sand, slips between my fingers They were colored with a million-colored monochrome The meaning of your living Even now, I continue to paint on my canvas The everything of this blank and brilliant world Those pieces of you, shattered into a million colors Just like the stars above, sparkled over and over again And were colored with a million-colored monochrome Those pieces of you, broken into a million colors Just like the stars above, glow without a sound And the million-colored monochrome becomes its color That color I once saw Even now, I line it up on my palette as I paint The everything of this imperfect And perfect world English Lyrics (translated by onsenjikan)： A path towards the beyond, a path towards home On this bridge that seems to go on forever If I can cross it, if I can forget about it If I can go away to an unknown distant place Blaming someone else, acting for someone else You shamelessly make up excuses over and over And you throw away yesterday, as if you gave up on tomorrow Outside the eyelids I have closed once more Pieces of you, shattered into a million colors Like stars, they continuously twinkled Until they faded into million-colored monochromes That dream I saw one day Even now it shows in my palette as I paint The entirety of this hollow and vivid world A passing shower, a strong rain shower Before I knew it, fell on this bridge If I can turn back, if I can bring my memory back Of how you held out your umbrella and another valuable thing Trying to look up into the sky, trying to recall someone Over and over, and then I looked down Something like a sting of pain faintly remained Inside my clenched hand Pieces of you, broken into a million colors Like sand, they escaped through the gaps between my fingers Until they were dyed into million-colored monochromes The significance of your existence Even now, I continue to paint on my canvas The entirety of this hollow and vivid world Pieces of you shattered into a million colors Like stars, they continuously twinkled And were dyed into million-colored monochromes Pieces of you broken into a million pieces Like stars, the silently sparkled And they became one million monochromes That color I saw one day Even now it shows in my palette as I paint The imperfectness and perfection Of the entirety of this world Singable English Lyrics (translated by onsenjikan)： A road back home, a road beyond On a bridge that seems to have no end, I make a choice This is a test, if I can forget And if I can continue walking to an unknown fate Living for the sake of someone else, pushing all the blame to someone else Everything is all an excuse, stabbing me over and over Throwing away our yesterday, giving up our future you were swayed And I can only close my eyes and give up forever Pieces of you shattered in a million colors In my mind they still glitter, like stars they twinkle in the dark Pieces of you fading in a million monochromes That dream I saw once in my mind It is still reflecting in all the colors that I chose As I try to paint a picture of this vividly hollow world. A drizzling rain, a pouring rain Before I knew it they are falling like tears on where I tread If I can turn back, I'll recall the time When you gave me your umbrella and your pledge of love Trying to search into the sky, reminded of a long lost love Reminiscing is all I can do, as I cast all my sadness down In my closed hands I can still feel, running through them a fleeting sting Of something that I can remember as my heart aching Pieces of you broken in a million colors And through the gaps of my fingers, they fall continuously like sand Pieces of you fading in a million monochromes Within my heart, your presence stays I move on, with my canvas in the colors that I chose As I try to paint the entire of this vividly hollow world. Pieces of you shattered in a million colors In my mind they still glitter, like stars they twinkle in the dark Pieces of you fading in a million monochromes Pieces of you broken in a million colors In my mind they still glitter, like stars they silently twinkle Pieces of you fading in a million monochromes A color that's once in my mind It is still reflecting in the palette that I use As I paint all the faults and perfection of this vividly hollow world Romaji lyrics (transliterated by onsenjikan)： Toori michi kaeri michi Doko made mo tsuzuku you na hashi no ue Wataretara wasuretara Shiranai tooi doko ka he iketara Dare ka no sei da toka dare ka no tame da toka Kurikaeshi kurikaeshi kimi wa usobuite Kinou wo nagesutete ashita wo akirameta you ni Mata tojita mabuta no uragawa Hyakuman shoku ni kudaketa kimi no kakera Marude hoshi no you ni matataki wo kurikaeshita Hyakuman shoku no MONOCHROME ni iro aseta Itsuka mita yume wo Ima demo PALETTE ni narabete egaku Kono utsuru de azayaka na sekai no subete Toori ame niwaka ame Itsu no ma ni furi hajimeta hashi no ue Modoretara omoidasetara Kasa no sashi kata to nani ka daiji na mono Sora wo aoide mita dare ka omottemita Kurikaeshi kurikaeshi soshite utsumuite Kasuka ni nokoru you na sukoshi itami ni nita nani ka Nigiritsubushita te no naka Hyakuman shoku kowareta kimi no kakera Marude suna no you ni yubi no sukima suri nuketa Hyakuman shoku no MONOCHROME ni irodorareta Kimi ga ikiru imi Ima demo CANVAS ni egaki tsuzukeru Kono utsuru de azayaka na sekai no subete Hyakuman shoku ni kudaketa kimi no kakera Marude hoshi no you ni matataki wo kurikashite Hyakuman shoku no MONOCHROME ni irodorareta Hyakuman shoku ni kowareta kimi no kakera Marude hoshi no you ni oto mo naku kagayaite Hyakuman shoku no MONOCHROME ga iro ni naru Itsuka mita iro ni Ima demo PALETTE ni narabete egaku Kono fukanzen de kanzen na Sekai no subete [Nata-P, NataP]
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[#VSingerAD2022] 基本情報 ルーム https //www.showroom-live.com/VCHETSIN_0090 名前 わらびmochi 番号 90 ニックネーム ファンネーム もち粉 ルーム挨拶(入室) ルーム挨拶(退出) Twitter https //twitter.com/warab1_moch1 マシュマロ https //marshmallow-qa.com/warab1_moch1 YouTube 配信タグ 餅歌ばなし ファンアートタグ しま絵ながん Twitter以外のSNSなど項目も適宜追加してください 目次 詳細情報自己紹介 配信タイムテーブル 活動の記録スタートダッシュ期間 予選イベント期間 準決勝イベント期間 決勝イベント期間 本選後の消息 用語・名言集 ファンのブログやnote、togetterまとめ 詳細情報 自己紹介 皆さんはじめまして！わらびmochiです！ 来てくれてありがとおお❁︎ わらびって呼んでねえ！ Twitter➼@warab1_moch1 ファンネーム➼もち粉🕊🌾 \\ VSingerADガチイベ参加中✨ // 予選 4/20〜5/3 審査員特別賞ありがとう😭 ･セミファイナル5/21～6/5 ←今ココ！ ⏰配信時間 昼13時から！ 夕18時から！ 夜10時から！ ゲリラはTwitterにて！通知登録してくれると嬉しいなあ🤍 ※時間が前後する場合もあるヨ！(Twitterルームみてね！) 配信で待ってるねえ〜(°∀° )!!! ┈┈┈┈目標┈┈┈┈ １位になってVSingerデビュー！ 有名になりVsingerとしてLIVEをすること！ お友達ほしい！ フォロワーさん目指せ1000人！ 歌唱力の向上！ ┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈ 推薦コメントありがとう( ߹𖥦߹ )嬉しいよお！ 🌾チャンフクダ。さん！ 皆の自慢の推しになりたい夢を叶えるためにSHOWROOMを始めてみたよ！！！必ず実現できるよう頑張るよお！ ギフトコール決めたよ！参照はこちら↓↓↓ ❤〇〇さん射抜いちゃうぞ！ ﾀﾞﾙﾏ→だるま一丁入りました！せーの！＼よろこんでー！／ 🧸→一緒にくまちゃん抱いて寝よ…？ 🎶→わらびもチッスのおすそ分け！んーま💋 🌠→くらえ！わらビーム！ﾋﾞﾋﾞﾋﾞ 🌹→わらびからも愛のお返し！ばっきゅーん！ ｺﾊﾞﾝ→そそ、そんな小判になんて回収されないんだからね！ 🪄(ﾍﾟﾝﾗ)→世界で一番愛してる愛してるー！ ﾌﾛｼｷ→ねぇ、それ持ってどこ行くの？私を置いていくの？どこにも行かないで…？(変更あり) 🐙→たこ焼き一緒に食べよ！あーん！ 結婚して！→結婚してくれるの？そっか！それならこの容姿にサインしてね！これから同じ苗字だね♡ ★(ﾚｲﾝﾎﾞ-)→だからもう迷わずに進めばいい〇〇(名前)の架け橋へと！(栄光の架橋引用) ﾐﾗﾎﾞ→わらびキラキラだいすき！たくさんのきらきらを見せてくれてありがとう！ 頑張るよおお！！！！！ 応援よろしくお願いいたします！" 配信タイムテーブル 日付 配信開始 配信終了 星集め 星捨て 備考 活動の記録 スタートダッシュ期間 予選イベント期間 準決勝イベント期間 決勝イベント期間 本選後の消息 用語・名言集 ファンのブログやnote、togetterまとめ Twitter用画像です。本画像はページ最下部に配置してください。
https://w.atwiki.jp/citfdc-shido/pages/74.html
The Last Waltz I wonder should I go or should I stay The band only one more song to play And then I saw you out of the corner of my eye A little girl alone and so shy ✝ I had The Last Waltz with you Two lonely people together I fell in love with you The last waltz should last forever But the love we had was going strong Through the good and bad we get along And then the flame of love died in your eyes My heart was broken in two when you said Good-Bye ✝ Repeat It’s all over now Nothing left to say Just my tears and the orchestra playing ✝✝ Ruh,ruh,ruh,… ✝ Repeat ✝✝ Repeat ラストワルツ 行くべきか…それともやめるべきか… 最後の１曲になって僕は迷っていた その時、不意に僕は見つけた たった一人でたたずんでいる 恥ずかしがり屋の君を… 君と踊った最後のワルツ 僕も君もひとりぼっち 僕は君に恋をしてしまった あのワルツが永遠に続いていたら 僕たちの育んだ愛は確かなはずだった 楽しいことも悲しいことも二人だから 分かち合ってこれた でもいつしか君の瞳から愛の輝きは消えて 僕にさよならを言ったね… 僕は傷つきどうしていいのか、わからなかった もう何もかも終わってしまった… 話す言葉さえ残っていない あとには僕の涙と、オーケストラの調べが悲しく響くだけ…
https://w.atwiki.jp/vocaloidenglishlyric/pages/476.html
【Tags Hayaya-P Kaito Len Miku Rin Y tA tD tT】 Original Original (Kaito and Len version) Music title 夢みることり English music title Dreaming Little Bird Romaji music title Yumemiru Kotori Music Lyrics written, Voice edition by はややP(Hayaya-P) Music arranged by はややP(Hayaya-P) Singer(s) [Original version] by 初音ミク (Hatsune Miku), 鏡音リン (Kagamine Rin), [Kaito Len version] by Kaito, 鏡音レン (Kagamine Len) Click here for the original Japanese Lyrics English Lyrics (translated by blacksaingrain)： The snow light faintly shines the shadow of the moon. Petals turn into vivid red. Falling drops make ripples on the water surface and disappear. We both are in a silent warmth. We walked a lane lit by lights, didn t we? Ah, a song we crooned was drown out and swayed in the town. We walked the stone‐paved lane leading us to a slope as we were numbed and barefooted. We believed we could go anywhere. Will the day come when a bird cooped in a cage flutters its wings? If I can stay by your side when you shed tears, I dare to stay here with you. A firefly flying in the dark flickers like a flame. The scene for a while has been engraved on my memory and is to fade out like a mist. We were laughing together by the window casting shadows, weren t we? Ah, your hair came loose and it s fluttering and swaying in the wind. We re sitting shoulder to shoulderand getting warmed. I want to share the time like this with you, forever and ever. You ve shut your heart and you aren t what you were. Will the day come when I can save you? If you share your pain with me, I ll feel no fear of staying here. Will the day come when the bird cooped in the cage has a dream? If I can stay by your side when you shed tears, my will to stay here shall never waver. Romaji lyrics (transliterated by blacksaingrain)： Yuki akari honoka ni tsuki no kage wo terasu. Hanabira ga azayaka ni akaku iro zuku. Mai ochiru shizuku ga minamo yurashi kieru. Oto no nai nukumori ga futari wo tsutsun de. Akari tomoru komichi futari arui teta ne. Nee, kuchizusamu uta ga machi ni magirete yurete, saka ni tsuzuku ishidatami kogoeru suashi de dokomademo yukeru to shinjite ita yo. Torawareteta kago no kotori ga habataku toki wa kurunode shou ka？ Anata no namida uketomerareru nara, mou konomama demo kamawa nai kara. Yami ni ukabu hotaru ga honoo no yoni yurameku. Kiri to chiru hito toki wo mabuta ni nokoshite. Kage ga utsuru madobe futari waratteta ne. Nee, midareta kami ga kaze ni nagarete yurete. Kata yoseai atatameru jikan wo itsumademo issho ni tsumuide itai. Kokoro tozasi ta kako no anata wo sukueru toki wa kuru node shou ka? Anata no itami wakeaeru nara, mou konomama demo kowaku nai kara. Torawareteta kago no kotori ga yume miru toki wa kuru node shou ka？ Anata no namida uke tome rareru nara, mou konomama demo mayowanai. [Hayaya-P, HayayaP]
https://w.atwiki.jp/nostradamus/pages/1365.html
『ミシェル・ノストラダムス師の真の百詩篇集と予言集』1668年パリ版（Les Vrayes Centuries de Maistre Michel Nostradamus）は、1969年にベルリンのリヒャルト・シコウスキー（Richard Schikowski, 1969）によって、影印版が出版された。 内容 1668年パリ版の影印版による復刻である。同版には第一序文（セザールへの手紙）が含まれていなかったが、シコウスキーの復刻版の場合、巻末に1568年リヨン版の第一序文が収録されている（これも影印版である）。 その他 日本では、フェニックス・ノアの『神の計画』（日新報道、1974年）で初めて言及された。 名前 コメント
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This page has been marked as being in need of links (Item/Monster/Map) to a Database. This page has been marked as being in need of links to other iRO Wiki pages. For a pre-Renewal version of this article, click here. Job Base(s) Crusader Job Type 2-2 Transcendent Changes At Juno× Number of Skills 4 Total Skill Points 25 Total Quest Skills 0 Job Bonuses STR AGI VIT INT DEX LUK +9 +8 +10 +7 +8 +3 + ← クリックで目次を開く Overview Job Change Guide BuildsGrand Cross Mobber The Speedfreak (Paladin Version) Grand Cross FS GC/GD/Sac Battle MR/RS Battle MR/GD/Sac Hybrid RS/Heal/GC Mob/WoE Support Sac/GD/BC TacticsWoE EquipmentTanking/Defense Class DataSkills Job Bonuses ASPD See Also External links Overview Do you believe in the gods? Witness the Paladin's might and see the power of the divine for yourself! Non-believers are sure to convert and sinners will repent! The Paladin is a shining symbol of piety and devotion who uses his fighting ability in the service of the gods and his fellow man. His skills can punish the wicked or inspire the faithful. Paladins are the Transcendent variant of the Crusader class. Aside from the HP×/SP× boost, the Paladin's defensive capabilities have not seen significant changes. They do receive many new offensive abilities which inspiring many INT-built Crusaders to become battle-built Paladins. For those Paladins who wish to continue as an INT-type build, the Battle Chant× skill allows them to play a supportive role in large party settings, and the 20 additional skills points allow them to learn a much wider variety of skills. Job Change Guide To become a Paladin, you must find a book called 'the Book of Ymir' in 'Sage Castle', Juno×. The book will lead you to Valhalla so you can change your job through the Lord Knight job NPC×. Also you must reach at least job level 40 as a transcendent 1st class character. 1.Sage Castle is located at 11 o'clock direction (yuno 88,320) in Juno. 2.'Book of Ymir' is located inside a room behind an NPC called Metheus Sylphe (yuno_in02 88,164). 3.The Book of Ymir (yuno_in02 94,206) will teleport you to Valhalla. 4.Find and talk to a job NPC suited to your 2nd class. Builds Grand Cross Mobber STR× 1-20 AGI× 1 VIT× 80-99 INT× 80-99 DEX× 30-60 LUK× 1 Primary Skills Grand Cross× Peco Peco Ride× Heal× Divine Protection× Guard× Essentially, nothing more than a standard Grand Cross Crusader taking advantage of the additional skill points and 30% HP/SP bonus to max out their defensive skills. Still built for PvM×, this build revolves around forming huge mobs and either tanking them for a Wizard / ME× Priest (benefiting from Guard, Divine Protection, and Heal) or obliterating them with Grand Cross. The Speedfreak (Paladin Version) STR 28 + 22 AGI 99 + 39 VIT 2 + 10 INT 1 + 17 DEX 98 + 18 LUK 1 + 33 All stat with priest buffs. Primary Skills Sword Mastery× Bash× Smite× Shield Boomerang× Rapid Smiting× Peco Peco Ride Cavalier Mastery× Guard Shield Reflect× Defending Aura× Equipments Card Ghost Bandana Angel Wing Ears Panties[1] with Loli Ruri Card Thin Blade with Cecil Damon Card x 2 Strong Shield Or Cross Shield with Enchanted Peach Tree Card Underskirt[1] with Jr Baphomet Card Black Leather Boots[1] with Antique Firelock Card Horn of Buffalo x 2 with Kukre Card x 2 Berserk Potion This is a PVM build that aims for MAX ASPD (190) to auto cast heal on the character while attacking. This build focus more on counter attacking (Shield Reflect) and defensive tactic (auto cast Heal, Guard, Defending Aura), rather than being highly offensive as their Lord Knight counterpart (see Lord Knight's Build The Speedfreak). This build would be more ideal for monster that do not have high defence, deal high damage or high hit. With the counter attacking and defensive tactic, this allows the player to hunt non-stop as there is no need to rest (usually Heal, Guard and Defender Aura will take care of the damage received and Shield Reflect helps bring the mob down). The downside to this build are low HP, low damage, limited equipment choice, and priest buff dependent. Grand Cross FS STR 1-20 AGI 1 VIT 55-80 INT 80-99 DEX 50-75 LUK 1 Primary Skills Grand Cross Peco Peco Ride Heal Sacrifice× Battle Chant Finally, for Grand Cross Crusaders who have longed to obtain both Heal and Sacrifice can now do so. This build revolves around spending the 20 extra skills points on Heal, Sacrifice, and Battle Chant to whatever balance floats their boat. Effective in many PvM/MvP× situations, and useful in WoE×, where the FS Paladin's high INT and moderate DEX make their Grand Cross formidable, and where their wide array of supportive skills will make them very popular with Wizards and Sages. GC/GD/Sac STR 1-20 AGI 1 VIT 55-80 INT 75-85 DEX 75-90 LUK 1 Primary Skills Grand Cross Peco Peco Ride Sacrifice Gloria Domini× Devastating in PvP and WoE, the Gloria Domini Paladin uses a heavy balance of DEX to pull off a Sacrifice for their Wizard or Sage in even the most hectic of situations. The same DEX is also used to turn Grand Cross into a deadly and surprising weapon, and allows them to use Gloria Domini to cripple their opponents from afar. With a little help from Magic Strings×, a Gloria Domini + Sacrifice Paladin in the precast can be a serious problem for enemy Priests, Wizards,Ninjas,Snipers, and Crusaders, who watch helplessly as their SP disappears. With the aid of a Minstrel's Bragis Poem, it can kill low HP classes in just a matter of seconds. Battle MR/RS STR 60-80 AGI 1-50 VIT 90-99 INT 20-30 DEX 30-70 LUK 1 Primary Skills Martyr s Reckoning× Shield Reflect Guard Divine Protection Rapid Smiting Shrink× Shield Boomerang Sacrifice (Optional) Defending Aura (Optional) The ultimate tank of the game. This Paladin pulls off a combination of the protective shield skills along with high VIT to guarantee survival. Martyr's Reckoning can be used to annihilate any monster or player without reduction gears. Rapid Smiting can be spammed on those who do carry them. This build can pull off the dangerous combo by hitting with Martyr's Reckoning while it is in the Rapid Smiting cool down. Defending Aura eliminates the threat of ranged attackers, while Shield Reflect makes sure that any Assassin or Knight who tries to sneak up on you will not get away without heavily damaging themselves as well. Outside of WoE, Shrink bounces back any foolish player or monster who's planning to get a quick kill on you. In case you confront a Wizard, Shield Boomerang will take care of them momentarily. The one major undeniable weakness of this type is that they are vulnerable to Full Divestment× and Divest Shield×. Considering the high DEX of the build though, most Rogues and Stalkers will find it hard to strip you. Battle MR/GD/Sac STR 30-50 AGI 60-90 VIT 80-99 INT 1 DEX 40-60 LUK 1 Primary Skills Martyr's Reckoning Sacrifice Shield Reflect Guard Defending Aura (Optional) Shrink Shield Boomerang Also the ultimate tank of the game. This Paladin pulls off a combination of the protective shield skills along with high VIT to guarantee survival. Martyr's Reckoning can be used to annihilate any monster or player without reduction gears. Defending Aura eliminates the threat of ranged attackers, while Shield Reflect makes sure that any Assassin or Knight who tries to sneak up on you will not get away without heavily damaging themselves as well.Outside of WoE, Shrink bounces back any foolish player or monster who's planning to get a quick kill on you. In case you confront a Wizard, Provoke× is the best choice to momentarily take care of them due to it's faster spam rate than the paladin's other ranged skills. One major undeniable weakness of this type is that they are vulnerable to Full Divestment and Divest Shield. Also this build will be utilizing mastela fruits or slim white potions due to the limited weight capacity. Considering the moderate DEX of the build, most Rogues and Stalkers will find it hard to strip you. You can Sacrifice wizards while on the defense, but again due to the mediocre DEX of this build, Sacrifice will be very difficult to pull off while on the offense in the midst of a precast. Martyr's Reckoning is able to be performed while sacrificing the wizards This is to maximize the damage by combining the fire power of Martyr's Reckoning with wizard's spells. Hybrid RS/Heal/GC STR 30-40 AGI 1 VIT 50-60 INT 85-95 DEX 60-70 LUK 1 Primary Skills Grand Cross Shield Reflect Guard Heal Rapid Smiting Shrink Shield Boomerang Sacrifice (Optional) Peco Peco Ride This build is very hard and can only be used with the right equips. But its the best build to throw anyone off guard. You need to focus on either Grand Cross or Rapid Smiting. When building make sure your equipment is either INT for Grand Cross or STR for Rapid Smiting. You will need to carry around 3-4 armours, 2-3 accessories and 1-2 weapons. With the STR you'll be able to handle the weight with peco peco but use the lightest most effective armours and only one main. The armours you'll want are pest, marc and angleing then add in anymore you want from there. The purpose of this build to throw out a surprise at any time. When people phsically attack you throw on the pest armour. After they get stoned cursed Grand Cross them to death. When wizards are casting storm gust put on marc and Rapid Smiting them. If you can get a ghostring you'll be laughing when archers attack you just walk up and Grand Cross or Rapid Smiting from afar. The most important thing of this build is its fast cast time and power. To achieve the best cast get a clock tower manager card or 2. Then get zerom gloves. for you shoes use Matyr/Sohee/Verit. And if you are going int get a 2 andre haedoggum or 2 zipper bears(the sp subtract won;t mean much to you.). But you'll have to play around with this build and it will take time to prefect it. Depending on what you come across you can possibly defend against anything. ALWAYS have blue potions. SP will run dry fast at least carry 20 blue potions at all times. You will be the ulimate emperium guard. You can stand on the emperium and grand cross and be able to target afar. So far this is a build in process but the results have proven effective. Mob/WoE Support Sac/GD/BC STR 1-60 AGI 1 VIT 80-99 INT 1-60 DEX 80-90+ LUK 1 Primary Skills Sacrifice Shield Reflect Guard Gloria Domini Battle Chant Shield Boomerang Peco Peco Ride This is a very expensive build, as you sacrifice Heal for Battle Chant and thus must rely on pots when mobbing ahead in a party. Be warned this build limits you to pretty much nothing but parties. It has the potential to be an incredible tank, and a force in WoE. The trade off is the huge benefit of Battle Chant for your party in WoE. This build is incredibly effective in WoE, armed with a fast Sacrifice, a Fast Gloria Domini that can sap SP quickly, and Battle Chant to buff/de-buff your party/opponents. Gloria Domini is extremely effective against a Champion that is aiming for you, and can be a pain for other classes SP reliant. The high Dex makes it harder for Stalkers to strip, and even if they do succeed, you can just Battle Chant to rid yourself of it. The high Vit/HP makes Guillotine Fist× not as lethal in some cases, as well as making you Stun× proof and pots more effective. Int and Str can be changed to your preferences Higher Weight Limit×, or higher SP max. This build is a more of a WoE support build, but can do excellently as a tank in places like Nameless or Thors. It is however, extremely reliant on pots. Tactics WoE During WoE, a Paladin's role depends heavily on the user's build. Objectively, most players expect Paladins to protect their teammates. A fast cast sacrifice is vital to the survival of your teammates. High VIT allows you to move around and keep up your HP without worrying about stun recovers more HP with healing items. Battle Chant is very useful in buffing your party, and inflicting status effects on an enemy. Here are some special uses for Battle Chant Allows Wizard and Sage classes to have instant cast spells Allows Monks and Champions to have additional ATK× and doubles their max SP for a very powerful Guillotine Fists Buffs Lord Knights and doubles their max HP to allow them to achieve 60k HP frenzies× Immunity to Status Effects× for one minute allows team mates to not freeze/stone curse/stun even without the appropriate gear/stats. In short, Battle Chant can be used both offensively to buff your allies before breaking a pre-cast. It can also be used defensively to increase the damage done by your allies, or to slow down invading armies by inflicting them with status effects. Another application of Battle Chant is that its negative buffs and damage can affect even cloaked characters and stalkers under stealth×. Another special effect of Battle Chant is that when activated, it removes all status effects both good(Priest buffs, ASPD potions) and bad(negative status effects including strip). Gloria Domini is a skill that cannot be missed. Depending on the Gloria Domini skill level, opponents will lose 20~40% of their current sp. The skill is best used with high DEX and within Magic Strings. Some uses of the skill Bypasses opponent's Paladin's sacrifice, good against Wizards with low HP. Reduces a Champion's SP, Guillotine Fist's damage will be reduced tremendously. Reduces a Assassin Cross or Stalker SP, lowering their amount of time for Cloaking× or Stealth. Martyr's Reckoning is a situational skill. While it achieves high damage-per-second with high VIT and high AGI, it drastically reduces your HP to half depending on the ASPD×. Some uses of the skill are as follows Assists in killing a Classical Pluck× team Kills anyone without a Ghostring Armor Very good against Gyspy/Dancer spamming Dazzler× Builds that are focused with solely Martyr's Reckoning will find that it is harder for Assassin Crosses to kill you and other melee classes to hit you. Equipment Tanking/Defense Main target of this equip set is gaining the highest DEF and HP. All equipment in this set should be over +7 upgraded. Preferably as high as possible. Top headgear Helm (6 DEF×) Bone Helm (7 DEF) Spiky Band (6 DEF)For slotted version this headgears you can use Grand Peco Card with Peco Peco Card (gain DEF + 3 VIT + 3) in slotted armor. Magni's Cap (5 DEF)Odin's Blessing, Stone Buckler Magni's Cap Equip Set give STR + 2, DEF + 5, MDEF + 5 [Swordman Class] Additional DEF + 6. Middle headgear Fin Helm (2 DEF) Lower headgear Iron Cain (1 DEF) Spare Card Evolved Pipe (1 VIT -5% Damage from Brute× Monsters) Body armor Legion Plate Armor [1] (11 DEF) Meteor Plate [1] (10 DEF) 30% resistance to the Stun and Freeze status) Odin's Blessing [1] (6 DEF) (only Odin's Blessing, Stone Buckler Magni's Cap Equip Set). Selected cards Peco Peco Card (Gain +10% Maximum HP and Equip Set with Grand Peco Card). You can use also use auto-status cards i.e. Sasquatch Card or Dark Frame Card . Mineral Card (Gain ATK - 25 DEF + 3) Marc Card (Gain protection from the Freeze) use only on freezing monsters. Garment Wool Scarf [1] (3 DEF) (Tidal Shoes Wool Scarf Equip Set) Pauldron [1] (5 DEF) Cards Raydric Card reduces Neutral damage by 20%. Frequently the best garment card to choose for this purpose. Shield Sacred Mission [1] (5 DEF) (INT + 2, VIT + 3, MDEF× + 3 Indestructible) Stone Buckler [1] (3 DEF) (only Odin's Blessing, Stone Buckler Magni's Cap Equip Set). Shield [1] (6 DEF) Cards Racial cards (-30% damage from respective race). Plant× Race lacks an implemented card. In this case, Size cards (-25% from respective size, i.e. Mysteltainn -25% from small 1 DEF) and Hodremlin (-15% from all sizes) may also be used. Footgear Vidar's Boots (4 DEF) (Maximum HP and SP + 9%) Tidal Shoes [1] (3 DEF) ([+ Wool Scarf] HP Recovery + 5%. Increase Maximum HP by 10%). Cards Upgrade under +9 - Verit Card (+8% HP/SP) , Matyr Card (+10% HP, AGI +1), Green Ferus Card (+10% HP, VIT +1) . Upgrade +9 or more - Firelock Soldier Card (+10% HP/SP, STR +2). Accessories Safety Ring (3 DEF, 3 MDEF) Alligator card ed Rosaries for magic and other long ranged skills. Yoyo card ed (Perfect Dodge× +5, AGI +1), preferably in Slotted Rosarie s (3 MDEF, LUK +1) Weapons Anything that adds maximum HP or reduces damage. weapon [4] i.e. Main Gauche with 4 x Fabre Card Combat Knife (-10% damage from Demi Human×s) Exorciser (-5% damage from Demon×s) Fortune Sword (+20 Perfect Dodge +5 LUK) Class Data Skills For information about Crusader skills, click here. Skill Description Levels Type Battle Chant× Begins a chant that inflicts a random status ailment on enemies within range, while also endowing party members with random buffs. 10 Supportive Gloria Domini× Crush a target with a huge cross from the sky, dealing fixed damage. 5 Offensive Martyr s Reckoning× Sacrifices the user's HP in order to deal great damage onto a target. 5 Offensive Rapid Smiting× Hurls the user's shield at a target, striking five times. 5 Offensive Job Bonuses Stat\Amount +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9 +10 STR 2 10 18 26 33 40 48 55 64 AGI 3 8 16 24 37 52 60 70 VIT 1 9 15 21 30 42 49 53 63 69 INT 7 14 29 43 54 61 65 DEX 6 12 17 23 36 45 57 68 LUK 39 59 67 ASPD This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject.Please help recruit one or improve this article yourself. See the talk page for details. See Also Swordman Crusader External links Skilltree at Himeyasha's Skill Simulator Grand Cross Calculator compares base Grand Cross damage amongst different weapons - Crusader ・ Paladin ・ Royal Guard Crusader ・ Paladin ・ Royal Guard 2nd ClassSkills Cavalier Mastery× ・ Cure× ・ Defending Aura× ・ Demon Bane× ・ Divine Protection× ・ Faith× ・ Grand Cross× ・ Guard× ・ Heal× ・ Holy Cross× ・ Peco Peco Ride× ・ Resistant Souls× ・ Sacrifice× ・ Shield Boomerang× ・ Shield Reflect× ・ Shrink× ・ Smite× ・ Spear Mastery× ・ Spear Quicken× TranscendentSkills Battle Chant× ・ Gloria Domini× ・ Martyr s Reckoning× ・ Rapid Smiting× 3rd ClassSkills Banding× ・ Banishing Point× ・ Burst Attack× ・ Cannon Spear× ・ Earth Drive× ・ Exceed Break× ・ Genesis Ray× ・ Hesperus Lit× ・ Inspiration× ・ Moon Slasher× ・ Overbrand× ・ Piety× ・ Pinpoint Attack× ・ Prestige× ・ Reflect Damage× ・ Shield Press× ・ Shield Spell× ・ Trample× ・ Vanguard Force× Quests Crusader Job Change Guide ・ Crusader Skill Quest ・ Rebirth Walkthrough ・ Royal Guard Job Change Guide Weapons× One Handed Sword× ・ Spear× ・ Two Handed Sword× - Classes of Ragnarok Online Classes of Ragnarok Online Novice Class Novice ・ High Novice ・ Super Novice First Class / High First Class Acolyte ・ Archer ・ Mage ・ Merchant ・ Swordman ・ Thief Second Class Priest ・ Monk ・ Hunter ・ Bard ・ Dancer ・ Wizard ・ Sage ・ Blacksmith ・ Alchemist ・ Knight ・ Crusader ・ Assassin ・ Rogue Transcendent Second Class High Priest ・ Champion ・ Sniper ・ Minstrel ・ Gypsy ・ High Wizard ・ Scholar ・ Mastersmith ・ Biochemist ・ Lord Knight ・ Paladin ・ Assassin Cross ・ Stalker Third Class Arch Bishop ・ Sura ・ Ranger ・ Maestro ・ Wanderer ・ Warlock ・ Sorcerer ・ Mechanic ・ Geneticist ・ Rune Knight ・ Royal Guard ・ Guillotine Cross ・ Shadow Chaser Expanded Class Gunslinger ・ Ninja ・ TaeKwon Kid Expanded Second Class TaeKwon Master ・ Soul Linker ・ Kagerou ・ Oboro ・ Rebel× Doram Summoner Categories Articles Needing DB Links | Articles Needing Interwiki Links | Paladin | Classes | Crusader
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Unmasking the Enemy ① 0000-59000より塔に入り、”Shadowflame Shade”をHitするまでKILL。 その後、クエアイテムを使用。 Unmasking the Enemy ② Caledorの62000-54000で”Blackvenom Shade”を5匹KILL。 62000-57000で”Uruin Direshade”をKILL。 その後、クエアイテムを使用。 Unmasking the Enemy ③ 61000-55000でNPCと会話。 Unmasking the Enemy ④ 61000-46000でクエアイテムを使用。 鳥が飛んでいって、しばらく待っていると戻ってくるので会話。 Unmasking the Enemy ⑤ 46000-54000で”Helglaive Warrior”を13匹KILL。 ”Helfglaive Raider”を7匹KILL。 Unmasking the Enemy ⑥ 31000-61000で”Unfinished Missing”を調べる。 Unmasking the Enemy ⑦ 31000-59000のテント内の棺の上で”Bloodspear's Seal”を調べる。 （小さくて見つけにくい） Unmasking the Enemy ⑧ 25000-54000でNPCと会話。 Unmasking the Enemy ⑨ クエアイテムを使用。 Unmasking the Enemy ⑩ 16000-51000でNPCと会話。 Unmasking the Enemy ⑪ 18000-56000で”Wrathwind Lifedrinker”を3匹KILL。 NPCと会話。 Unmasking the Enemy ⑫ クエアイテムを使用。 Unmasking the Enemy ⑬ 6000-44000のテントに入ると、”Masked Shade”がPOPするのでKILL。 Unmasking the Enemy ⑭ 12000-56000でNPCと会話。 Unmasking the Enemy ⑮ 4000-59000で”Shadowblade”がPOPするのでKILL。 Unmasking the Enemy ⑯ Altdorfの17000-4000でNPCと会話。 （MAPに表示される赤丸はずれて表示されている。座標を目安に）