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https://w.atwiki.jp/mediasenterenglish/pages/16.html
Adoption of various media Although various media exist in a school library and it is mainly divided into three, a "pencil press", "audiovisual media", and "electronic media", the old school library has been managed mainly in case of a pencil press. However, it is also necessary for investigating hours of comprehensive learning etc. oneself and understanding to take in elements other than character media, such as audiovisual media and electronic media, in the education called for. Since it complains of audiovisual media and electronic media to vision or hearing, they can understand the contents for a short time. The contents which read a character over several times and can occasionally understand it at last may be able to understand by once. It is what is called "seeing is believing." In this media center, I am preparing three media abundantly so that a user may learn and it can use for amusement. Although there is the purpose, when there is no telling which media should be used, please speak to a nearby teacher-librarian. A teacher-librarian s role A teacher-librarian s work is mainly choosing media according to a student s needs, and teaching a student the method of use of media. Since judgment of information of corrigenda, choice, etc. are needed, a student enables it to use information by his judgment in the present information society by guiding the method of media use. In this center, at least one person always stations the teacher-librarian. Information gathering using media In the old school library, pencil presses, such as a newspaper currently kept in books or a library, were in the mainstream. When development and development of information machines and equipment in recent years produced various media, a school library will take in various media. However, in the conventional school library, the needs of the user who asks for collection of various information and dispatch cannot be met in the society computerized by the present altitude. On the present Internet, always new information is disseminated regardless of truth, and by a future information society, use of the Internet will become indispensable, when collecting information. In this media center, I have introduced the computer as a communication tool for performing collection of information, integration, and dispatch. The student can use a computer for favorite time fundamentally, and if there is a question, a teacher-librarian corresponds. This media center is aiming at a student s study and assistance of collection of information by introducing a computer. Moreover, since the power which makes judgment of the information which is needed in an information society of corrigenda, and choice is learned, a teacher-librarian teaches about the usage of media.
https://w.atwiki.jp/naobe/pages/78.html
ネットワークに戻る RFC2616概要 HTTP/1.1 RFC6265概要 HTTP状態管理機構 パーセントエンコーディング（URLエンコード） URLで意味を持つコードと混同する日本語などのバイナリや特殊記号を16進形式にして、先頭に%を付加した文字に変換する。正確に言うと、非予約文字、予約文字以外を変換する。 項目 説明 非予約文字 ASCIIのコード範囲内の英字（大文字・小文字）、数字、ハイフン “-”、ピリオド “.”、アンダースコア “_”、チルダ “~” 予約文字 URIを表す符号。ASCIIのコード範囲内のコロン “ ”、スラッシュ “/”、疑問符 “?”、シャープ “#”、角括弧 “[”、“]”、単価記号 “@”、感嘆符 “!”、ドル記号・ペソ記号 “$”、アンパサンド “ ”、アポストロフィー・シングルクオート “ ”、丸括弧 “(”、“)”、アスタリスク “*”、正符号・加算記号 “+”、コンマ “,”、セミコロン “;”、等号 “=” name=%E8%8F%85%E7%9B%B4%E4%BA%BA UTF-8で、%E8%8F%85：菅, %E7%9B%B4 直, %E4%BA%BA 人 x-www-form-urlencoded(URLエンコード) POSTのフォームデータをエンコードする。%を付加する方式は、パーセントエンコーディングと同じ。パーセントエンコーディングの予約文字も変換している スペースは"+"に変換。Javaのソースを見ると、英数字、"-","_", ".","*"以外を変換する BASE64 Wikipediaより データを64種類の印字可能な英数字のみを用いて、それ以外の文字を扱うことの出来ない通信環境にてマルチバイト文字やバイナリデータを扱うためのエンコード方式 7ビットのデータしか扱うことの出来ない電子メールにて広く利用されている A–Z, a–z, 0–9 までの62文字と、記号2つ (+ , /) 、さらにパディング（余った部分を詰める）のための記号として = が用いられる 76文字ごとに改行コードが入る Cookie Wikipediaより クッキーを設定する際、どの要求に対してクッキー情報を送り返すのか、URLの範囲を指定する。 規定値は、クッキーを設定したサーバに対するすべての要求であり、対象を広げることも狭めることもできる。ただし広げる場合でも、トップレベルドメインより狭い範囲でなければならない。 またクッキーの有効期限は、通常はブラウザを終了するまでだが、指定した期限まではブラウザを再度起動しても保持されるように設定することができる。有効期限の情報も、サーバからブラウザにクッキー情報を送信する段階で付加される。 無期限という設定は出来ない。 詳細： http //www.studyinghttp.net/cookies リクエスト 全てテキスト。行(CRLF)で区切られる。 フォーマット リクエストラインは１行。ヘッダは複数行。 大項目 小項目 説明 リクエストライン メソッド GET,POST,PUTなどのどれか。 リクエストURL リクエストを処理するURI プロトコルバージョン HTTPのバージョン。【例】HTTP/1.1 ヘッダ HOST リクエスト先のホスト名。必須項目 空行 POSTのときにヘッダの終了を示すために挿入される メッセージボディ POSTのときにリクエストデータを出力する 【例】 GET http //example.jp/31/31-001.php HTTP/1.1 リクエストライン Host example.jp --+ User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv 2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1 | Accept text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 +-- ヘッダ Accept-Language ja,en-us;q=0.7,en;q=0.3 | Accept-Encoding gzip, deflate | Accept-Charset Shift_JIS,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 | Keep-Alive 115 | Connection keep-alive | Referer http //example.jp/31/ --+ Accept-CharsetでShift-JISの品質係数が１であるため、サーバは、Shift-JISでエンコードしたメッセージを返す。 POST http //example.jp/31/31-003.php HTTP/1.1 リクエストライン Accept image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-excel ヘッダ Referer http //example.jp/31/31-002.php Accept-Language ja User-Agent Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Inf oPath.1; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729) Content-Type application/x-www-form-urlencoded Accept-Encoding gzip, deflate Host example.jp Content-Length 65 Connection Keep-Alive Pragma no-cache name=%E8%8F%85%E7%9B%B4%E4%BA%BA mail=kan@aaa.jp gender=%E7%94%B7 メッセージボディ Hostヘッダ HTTP1.1では必須。POST/GETでのURIにHOSTを指定していなかった場合、Virtualホストを特定できない。そのためHostヘッダにHOST名を指定する。URIにホスト名があって、Hostヘッダにもホスト名がある場合はURIを優先する。URIにホスト名を指定することを強制すれば良いような気がするが。 Referer ヘッダの一種。リンク元のURLを示す。あるWebページのリンクをクリックして別のページに移動したときの、リンク元のページのこと。 改変、削除される場合があるので正しくリンクを示しているとは限らない。 セキュリティ上、問題となるのは、URLが秘密情報を含んでいる場合。たとえば、URLがセッションIDを含んでいる場合。なりすましに使われる可能性がある。 【例】 GET http //example.jp/31/31-002.php HTTP/1.1 Accept image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, appl ication/msword, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/x-ms-application, application/x-ms-xbap, application/vnd.ms -xpsdocument, application/xaml+xml, */* Referer http //example.jp/31/ Accept-Language ja User-Agent Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Inf oPath.1; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729) Accept-Encoding gzip, deflate Host example.jp Connection Keep-Alive http //example.jp/31/のHTMLのaタグからリクエストが発生したため、Refererヘッダがつく。 レスポンス 全てテキスト。行で区切られる。 フォーマット ステータスラインは１行。ヘッダ、ボディは複数行。 大項目 小項目 説明 ステータスライン プロトコルバージョン ステータスコード 1XX 処理継続、2XX 正常終了、3XX リダイレクト、4XX クライアントエラー、5XX サーバエラー テキストフレーズ レスポンスヘッダ Content-Length ボディのバイト数 Content-Type MIMEタイプ; charset=エンコーディング 空行 ヘッダの終わりを示す ボディ 【例】 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date Wed, 04 May 2011 04 51 51 GMT Server Apache/2.2.14 (Ubuntu) X-Powered-By PHP/5.3.2-1ubuntu4.2 Vary Accept-Encoding Content-Length 20 Keep-Alive timeout=15, max=100 Connection Keep-Alive Content-Type text/html; charset=UTF-8 body 13 51 /body Content-type メディアタイプを示すエンティティヘッダ（メッセージボディに対する付随情報）。type "/" subtype *( ";" parameter )であらわされる。text/html; charset=utf-8など。charsetを追加すると出力の文字コードを示す。HTML文書にapplication/octet-streamを付けると、 多くの場合、Webブラウザはそれをダウンロードするか否か問い合わせるようになる。 Apacheの場合は、httpd.confの以下の設定でcharsetを指定する。 AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 Tomcatでは、JSPのpageディレクティブで設定する。 %@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=Windows-31J" pageEncoding="Windows-31J" % http //www.atmarkit.co.jp/fjava/rensai3/mojibake01/mojibake01.html 参照
https://w.atwiki.jp/mrfrtech/pages/57.html
Overview The Social Media Security Market Companies is anticipated to grow by US$1.9 billion by 2027 rapidly growing at a CAGR of 17% during the forecast period. The drivers for the growth of the social media security market are the rising number of attacks across social media networks, growing social media site use on computers and the recognition of BYOD trends by businesses.. These factors have helped shape the social media security market and are expected to boost the growth. Companies in the social media security market could also face challenges such as lack of awareness among companies as well as weak data protection policies. The details covered in the social media security market report cover all the aspects of the industry. Analysts studying the social media security market have also shared growth projections in the report and have suggested social media security market players to plan business strategies accordingly. Market Segmentation The global social media security market has been segmented based on vertical, solution, security type, organization size, and deployment. On the basis of vertical, the market for social media security is segmented based on BFSI. Additionally, the market on the basis of solution, is segmented into advanced threat protection. The global market for social media security is also covered based on the security type segment which is further split into cloud security, data security. On the basis of deployment, the market for social media security is segmented based on on-cloud. Additionally, the market on the basis of organization size, is segmented into large enterprises. Request a Free Sample @ https //www.marketresearchfuture.com/sample_request/6842 Factors like no acceptable protection procedures, no corporate social media policies and no staff training, support the social media security market growth. The performance of the social media security market has also been studied for the past and current years. Additionally, the social media security market report provides analysis of these segments. The social media security market segmental analysis provided in the report offers major details about the social media security market based on the data and forecasts till 2027. Regional Overview Companies in the social media security market are spread across the world. The social media security market report provides major information about regional markets of North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific (APAC), and the rest of the world. The North American social media security market has many companies across the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The social media security market of the Middle East, Africa, and other regions has also been studied by analysts. The regional analysis of the social media security market can be found in the market research report. Europe has companies in the social media security market across Germany, France, Spain, Italy, and the United Kingdom. A detailed analysis of the social media security market across India, China, and Japan in the Asia-Pacific region is also presented in the report. Competitive Landscape The social media security market is supported by big leaders from well-established companies across the United States, and Canada who spend heavily on research and development to protect information security for the enactment of enterprise data are growing.. The population growth around the world and increasing demand of social media security market based services and products also support the market growth. However, the social media security market growth can be affected due to lack of safety and data protection policies even during the increasing adoption of social media platforms. The report covers all such details which will help companies in the social media security market to strengthen their business plan and improve their product portfolio. The social media security market research report also provides company profiles of major companies. The company profiles of many organizations operating in the social media security market report highlights crucial details like company size, revenue growth, and details of mergers and acquisitions taking place in the social media security market. New companies and established businesses can plan their strategies based on this data provided in the social media security market research report. Industry News Francisco Partners, the world s top science innovator that specializes in engaging with data and technology companies, today confirmed that it is closing the previously announced Raytheon Technologies purchase of the full contract. Forcepoint is a marketing supplier of information protection tools that secure the primary data and networks of thousands of users around the globe. The board of directors of the company has immediately named Manny Rivelo as chief executive officer (CEO), at the same time that the agreement was closed and opened. On the contrary, risk associated with social engineering, failure to understand the organizations exact needs, and lack of common laws across countries and cross-boundary location of servers may limit the global social media security market growth over the forecast period. Access Report Details @ https //www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/social-media-security-market-6842 Table of Contents 1 Executive Summary 2 Scope of The Report 2.1 Market Definition 2.2 Scope of The Study 2.2.1 Research Objectives 2.2.2 Assumptions Limitations 2.3 Markets Structure 3 Market Research Methodology 3.1 Research Process 3.2 Secondary Research 3.3 Primary Research 3.4 Forecast Model Continued… Similar Report B2B Telecommunication Market Information by Solution (Unified Communication and Collaboration), Deployment (Fixed, Mobile), Organization Size (Large, Enterprise), Application (Industrial, Commercial) and regions Trending #MRFR Report** https //ictmrfr.blogspot.com/2022/04/geofencing-market-companies-growth-with.html https //blogfreely.net/pranali004/telecom-expense-management-market-size-impressive-cagr-changing-business-scope https //postheaven.net/pranali004/financial-app-industry-impressive-cagr-changing-business-needs-scope-of https //market-research-future.tribe.so/post/openstack-service-market-research-impressive-cagr-changing-scope-of-current--6263de46791566c10c79891e https //www.scutify.com/articles/2022-04-24-infrastructure-as-a-service-industry-cagr-changing-business-scope-of-current-and-future-industry- About Market Research Future At Market Research Future (MRFR), we enable our customers to unravel the complexity of various industries through our Cooked Research Report (CRR), Half-Cooked Research Reports (HCRR), Raw Research Reports (3R), Continuous-Feed Research (CFR), and Market Research Consulting Services. Contact Market Research Future (Part of Wantstats Research and Media Private Limited) 99 Hudson Street, 5Th Floor New York, NY 10013 United States of America 1 628 258 0071 (US) 44 2035 002 764 (UK) Email sales@marketresearchfuture.com Website https //www.marketresearchfuture.com
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https://w.atwiki.jp/mrfrtech/pages/129.html
Market Overview The Social Media Security Market Companies is anticipated to grow by US$1.9 billion by 2027 rapidly growing at a CAGR of 17% during the forecast period. The drivers for the growth of the social media security market are the rising number of attacks across social media networks, growing social media site use on computers and the recognition of BYOD trends by businesses.. These factors have helped shape the social media security market and are expected to boost the growth. Companies in the social media security market could also face challenges such as lack of awareness among companies as well as weak data protection policies. The details covered in the social media security market report cover all the aspects of the industry. Analysts studying the social media security market have also shared growth projections in the report and have suggested social media security market players to plan business strategies accordingly. Market Segmentation The global social media security market has been segmented based on vertical, solution, security type, organization size, and deployment. On the basis of vertical, the market for social media security is segmented based on BFSI. Additionally, the market on the basis of solution, is segmented into advanced threat protection. The global market for social media security is also covered based on the security type segment which is further split into cloud security, data security. On the basis of deployment, the market for social media security is segmented based on on-cloud. Additionally, the market on the basis of organization size, is segmented into large enterprises. Request a Free Sample @ https //www.marketresearchfuture.com/sample_request/6842 Factors like no acceptable protection procedures, no corporate social media policies and no staff training, support the social media security market growth. The performance of the social media security market has also been studied for the past and current years. Additionally, the social media security market report provides analysis of these segments. The social media security market segmental analysis provided in the report offers major details about the social media security market based on the data and forecasts till 2027. Regional Overview Companies in the social media security market are spread across the world. The social media security market report provides major information about regional markets of North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific (APAC), and the rest of the world. The North American social media security market has many companies across the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The social media security market of the Middle East, Africa, and other regions has also been studied by analysts. The regional analysis of the social media security market can be found in the market research report. Europe has companies in the social media security market across Germany, France, Spain, Italy, and the United Kingdom. A detailed analysis of the social media security market across India, China, and Japan in the Asia-Pacific region is also presented in the report. Competitive Landscape The social media security market is supported by big leaders from well-established companies across the United States, and Canada who spend heavily on research and development to protect information security for the enactment of enterprise data are growing.. The population growth around the world and increasing demand of social media security market based services and products also support the market growth. However, the social media security market growth can be affected due to lack of safety and data protection policies even during the increasing adoption of social media platforms. The report covers all such details which will help companies in the social media security market to strengthen their business plan and improve their product portfolio. The social media security market research report also provides company profiles of major companies. The company profiles of many organizations operating in the social media security market report highlights crucial details like company size, revenue growth, and details of mergers and acquisitions taking place in the social media security market. New companies and established businesses can plan their strategies based on this data provided in the social media security market research report. Industry News Francisco Partners, the world s top science innovator that specializes in engaging with data and technology companies, today confirmed that it is closing the previously announced Raytheon Technologies purchase of the full contract. Forcepoint is a marketing supplier of information protection tools that secure the primary data and networks of thousands of users around the globe. The board of directors of the company has immediately named Manny Rivelo as chief executive officer (CEO), at the same time that the agreement was closed and opened. On the contrary, risk associated with social engineering, failure to understand the organizations exact needs, and lack of common laws across countries and cross-boundary location of servers may limit the global social media security market growth over the forecast period. Access Report Details @ https //www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/social-media-security-market-6842 Table of Contents 1 Executive Summary 2 Scope of The Report 2.1 Market Definition 2.2 Scope of The Study 2.2.1 Research Objectives 2.2.2 Assumptions Limitations 2.3 Markets Structure 3 Market Research Methodology 3.1 Research Process 3.2 Secondary Research 3.3 Primary Research 3.4 Forecast Model Continued… Similar Report B2B Telecommunication Market Information by Solution (Unified Communication and Collaboration), Deployment (Fixed, Mobile), Organization Size (Large, Enterprise), Application (Industrial, Commercial) and regions Trending #MRFR Report** https //ictmrfr.blogspot.com/2022/04/geofencing-market-companies-growth-with.html https //blogfreely.net/pranali004/telecom-expense-management-market-size-impressive-cagr-changing-business-scope https //postheaven.net/pranali004/financial-app-industry-impressive-cagr-changing-business-needs-scope-of https //market-research-future.tribe.so/post/openstack-service-market-research-impressive-cagr-changing-scope-of-current--6263de46791566c10c79891e https //www.scutify.com/articles/2022-04-24-infrastructure-as-a-service-industry-cagr-changing-business-scope-of-current-and-future-industry- About Market Research Future At Market Research Future (MRFR), we enable our customers to unravel the complexity of various industries through our Cooked Research Report (CRR), Half-Cooked Research Reports (HCRR), Raw Research Reports (3R), Continuous-Feed Research (CFR), and Market Research Consulting Services. 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Control Panel Reference SynthEyes has the following control panels · Summary Panel · Rotoscope Control Panel · Feature Control Panel · Tracking Control Panel. · Lens Control Panel. · Solver Control Panel. · Coordinate System Control Panel. · 3-D Control Panel. · Lighting Control Panel. · Flex/Curve Control Panel. Select via the control panel selection portion of the main toolbar. The Graph Editor icon appears in the toolbar area to indicate a nominal workflow, but it launches a floating window. Additional panels are described below · Add Many Trackers Dialog · Advanced Features · Clean Up Trackers · Coalesce Nearby Trackers · Curve tracking control · Finalize Trackers · Fine-Tuning Panel · Green-screen control · Hard and Soft Lock Controls · Hold Tracker Preparation Tool · Image Preparation · Spinal Editing Control The shot-setup dialog is described in the sectionOpening the Shot. Spinners SynthEyes uses spinners, the stacked triangles on the right of the following graphic ( ), to permit easy adjustment of numeric fields on the control panels. The spinner control provides the following features · Click either triangle to increase or decrease the value in steps, · Drag within the control to smoothly increase and decrease the value, · Turns red on key frames, · Right-click to remove a key, or if none, to reset to a predefined value, · Shift-drag or -click to change the value much more rapidly, · Control-drag or -click to change the value slowly for fine-tuning. Tool Bar New, Open, Save, Undo, Redo. Buttons. Standard Windows (only). Use the Undo/Redo menu items instead to see what function will be undone or redone. (Control Panel buttons). Changes the active control panel. Forward/Backward (/). Button. Changes the current playback and tracking direction. Reset Time. Button. Resets the timebar so that the entire shot is visible. Fill. Button. The camera viewport is reset so that the entire image becomes visible. Shift-fill sets the zoom to 1 1 horizontally. Viewport Configuration Select. List box. Selects the viewport configuration. Use the viewport manager on the Window menu to modify or add configurations. Camera01. Active camera/object. Click to cycle through the cameras and objects. Play Bar Rewind Button. Rewind back to the beginning of the shot. Back Key Button. Go backwards to the previous key of the selected tracker or object. Frame Number. Numeric Field. Sequential frame number, starting at zero or at 1 if selected on thepreferences. Forward Key Button. Go forward to the next key of the selected tracker or object. To End Button. Go to the last frame of the shot. Frame Backwards. Button. Go backwards one frame. Auto-repeats. Play/Stop/. Button. Begin playing the shot, forwards or backwards, at the rate specified on the View menu. Frame Forward. Button. Go forwards one frame. Auto-repeats. Summary Panel Auto.(the big green one)Run the entire match-move process create features(blips), generate trackers, and solve. If no shot has been set up yet, you will be prompted for that first, so this is truly a one-stop button. See alsoSubmit for Batch. Motion Profile.Select one of several profiles reflecting the kinds of motion the image makes. UseCrash Panfor when the camera spins quickly, for example, to be able to keep up. Or useGentle Motionfor faster processing when the camera/image moves only slightly each frame. Green Screen.Brings up thegreen-screencontrol dialog. Zoom Lens.Check this box if the camera zooms. On Tripod.Check this box if the camera was on a tripod. Hold.Animated Button. Use to create hold regions to handle shots with amix of normal and tripod-modesections. Fine-tune.Performs an extra stage of re-tracking between the initial feature tracking and the solve. Thisfine-tuning passcan improve the sub-pixel stability of the trackers on some shots. Settings.Launches the settings panel for fine-tuning. Run Auto-tracker.Runs the automatic tracking stage, then stops. Solve.Runs the solver. Not solved.This field will show the overall scene error, in horizontal pixels, after solving. Coords（共同作用）.Initiates a mode where 3 trackers can be clicked to define a coordinate system. After the third, you will have the opportunity to re-solve the scene to apply the new settings. Same as *3 on the Coordinate System panel. 3つのトラッカーが座標系を定めるためにクリックすることができるモードを始めます。 第3の後、新しいセッティングを適用するためにシーンを再解析することがあると思います。 座標系パネルの*3と同じです。 Master Solution Reset ().Clear any existing solution points and object paths. Rotoscope Control Panel The roto panel controls the assignment of a shot s blips to cameras or objects. The roto mask can also be written as an alpha channel or RGB image using the image preprocessor. Spline/Object List. An ordered list of splines and the camera or object they are assigned to. The default Spline1 is a rectangle containing the entire image. A feature is automatically assigned to the camera/object of thelastspline in the list that contains the feature. Double-click a spline to rename it as desired. Camera/Object Selector. Drop-down list. Use to set the camera/object of the spline selected in the Spline/Object List. You can also selectGarbageto set the spline as a garbage matte. Show this spline. Checkbox. Turn on and off to show or hide the selected spline. Also see the View/Only Selected Splines menu item. Key all CPs if any. Checkbox. When on, moving any control point will place a key on all control points for that frame. This can help make keyframing more predictable for some splines. Enable. Button. Animatable spline enable. Create Circle. Lets you drag out circular splines. Create Box. Lets you drag out rectangular splines. Magic Wand. Lets you click out arbitrarily-shaped splines with many control points. Delete. Deletes the currently-selected spline. Move Up. Push button. Moves the selected spline up in the Spline/Object List, making it lower priority. Move Down. Push button. Moves the selected spline down in the Spline/Object List, making it higher priority. Shot Alpha Levels. Integer spinner. Sets the number of levels in the alpha channel for the shot. For example, select 2 for an alpha channel containing only 0 or 1(255), which you can then assign to a camera or moving object. Object Alpha Level. Spinner. Sets the alpha level assigned to thecurrentcamera or object. For example, with 2 alpha levels, you might assign level 0 to the camera, and 1 to a moving object. The alpha channel is used to assign a feature only if it is not contained in any of the splines. Import Tracker to CP. Button. When activated, select a tracker then click on a spline control point. The tracker s path will be imported as keys onto the control point. Feature Control Panel Motion Profile.Select one of several profiles reflecting the kinds of motion the image makes. UseCrash Panfor when the camera spins quickly, for example, to be able to keep up. Or useGentle Motionfor faster processing when the camera/image moves only slightly each frame. Clear all blips.Clears the blips from all frames. Use to save disk space after blips have been peeled to trackers. Blips this frame. Push button. Calculates features (blips) for this frame. Blips playback range. Push button. Calculates features for the playback range of frames. Blips all frames. Push button. Calculates features for the entire shot. Displays the frame number while calculating. Once started, can’t be interrupted! Delete. Button. Clears the skip frame channel from this frame to the end of the shot, or the entire shot if Shift is down when clicked. Skip Frame. Checkbox. When set, this frame will be ignored during automatic tracking and solving. Use (sparingly) for occasional bad frames during explosions or actors blocking the entire view. Camera paths are spline interpolated on skipped frames. Advanced. Push button. Brings up a panel with additional control parameters. Link frames. Push button. Blips from each frame in the shot are linked to those on the prior frame (depending on tracking direction). Useful after changes in splines or alpha channels. Peel. Mode button. When on, clicking on a blip adds a matching tracker, which will be utilized by the solving process. Use on needed features that were not selected by the automatic tracking system. Peel All. Push button. Causes all features to be examined and possibly converted to trackers. To Golden. Push button. Marks the currently-selected trackers as “golden,” so that they won’t be deleted by the Delete Leaden button. Delete Leaden. Push button. Deletes all trackers, except those marked as “golden.” All manually-added trackers are automatically golden, plus any automatically-added ones you previously converted to golden. This button lets you strip out automatically-added trackers. Tracking Control Panel The tracker panel has two variations with different sizes for the tracker view area, and slightly different button locations. The wider version gives a better view of the interior of the panel, especially on high-resolution displays. The smaller version is a more compact layout that reduces mouse motion, and because of the reduced size, is better for use on laptops. Select the desired version using theWider tracker-view panelpreference. Tracker Interior View. Shows its interior---the inner box of the tracker.Left Mouse Drag the tracker location.Middle Scroll Advance the current frame, tracking as you go.Right Mouse Add or remove a position key at the current frame. Or, cancel a drag in progress. Create. Mode Button. When turned on, depressing the left mouse button in the camera view creates new trackers. When off, the left mouse button selects and moves trackers. Delete. Button (also Delete key). Deletes the selected tracker. Finish. Button. Brings up the finalize dialog box, allowing final filtering and gap filtering as a tracker is locked down. Lock. Button. Non-animated enable, turn on when tracker is complete; will then be locked. Tracker Type.,,,. Button. Toggles the tracker type among normal match-mode, dark spot, bright spot, or symmetric spot. Direction. Button. Configures the tracker for backwards tracking it will only track when playing or stepping backwards. Enable. Button. Animated control turns tracker on or off. Turn off when tracker gets blocked by some thing, turn back on when it becomes visible again. Contrast. Number-less spinner. Enhances contrast in the Tracker Interior View window. Bright. Number-less spinner. Turns up the Tracker Interior View brightness. Color. Rectangular swatch. Sets the display color of the tracker for the camera, perspective, and 3-D views. Now. Button. Adds a tracker position key at the present location and frame. Right-click to remove a position key. Shift-right-click to truncate, removing all following keys. Key. Spinner tells SynthEyes to automatically add a key after this many frames, to keep the tracker on track. Key Smooth. Spinner. Tracker s path will be smoothed for this many frames before each key, so there is no glitch due to re-setting a key. Name. Edit field. Adjust the tracker s name to describe what it s tracking. Pos. H and V spinners. Tracker s horizontal and vertical position, from –1 to +1. You can delete a key (border is red) by right-clicking. Shift-right-clicking will truncate the tracker after this frame. Size. Size and aspect spinners. Size and aspect ratio (horizontal divided by vertical size) of the interior portion of the tracker. Search. H and V spinners. Horizontal and vertical size of the region (excluding the actual interior) that SynthEyes will search for the tracker around its position in the preceding frame. Preceding implies lower-numbered for forward tracking, higher-numbered for backward tracking. Weight. Spinner. Defaults to 1.0. Multiplier that helps determine the weight given to the 2-D data for each frame from this tracker. Higher values cause a closer match, lower values allow a sloppier match.WARNING This control is for experts and should be used judiciously and infrequently. It is easy to use it to mathematically destabilize the solving process, so that you will not get a valid solution at all. Keep near 1. Also see ZWTs below. Exact. For use after a scene has already been solved set the tracker s 2-D position to the exact re-projected location of the tracker s 3-D position. A quick fix for spurious or missing data points, do not overuse. See the section onfiltering and filling gaps. Note applied to a zero-weighted-tracker, error will not become zero because the ZWT will re-calculate using the new 2-D position, yielding a different 3-D and then 2-D position. F n.nnnhpix.(display field, right of Exact button) Shows the distance, in horizontal pixels, between the 2-D tracker location and the re-projected 3-D tracker location. Valid only if the tracker has been solved. ZWT. When on, the tracker s weight is internally set to zero—it is a zero-weighted-tracker (ZWT), which does not affect the camera or object s path at all. As a consequence, its 3-D position can be continually calculated as you update the 2-D track or change the camera or object path, or field of view. The Weight spinner of a ZWT will be disabled, because the weight is internally forced to zero and special processing engaged. The grayed-out displayed value will be the original weight, which will be restored if ZWT mode is turned off. T n.nnnhpix.(display field, right of ZWT button) Shows the total error, in horizontal pixels, for the solved tracker. This is the same error as from the Coordinate System panel. It updates dynamically during tracking of a zero-weighted tracker. Lens Control Panel Field of View. Spinner. Field of view, in degrees, on this frame. Focal Length. Spinner. Focal length, computed using the current Back Plate Width on Scene Settings. Provided for illustration only. Add/Remove Key., Button. Add or remove a key to the field of view (focal length) track at this frame. Known. Radio Button. Field of view is already known (typically from an earlier run) and is taken from the field of view seed track. May be fixed or zooming. You will be asked if you want to copy the solved FOV track to the seed FOV track—do that if you want to lock down the solved FOV. Fixed, Unknown. Radio Button. Field of view is unknown, but did not zoom during the shot. Fixed, with Estimate. Radio Button. Camera did not zoom, and a reasonable estimate of the field of view is available and has been set into the beginning of the lens seed track. This mode can make solving slightly faster and more robust.Important verify that you know, and have entered, the correct plate size before using any on-setfocal lengthvalues. A correct on-set focal length with an incorrect plate size makes the focal length useless, and this setting harmful. Zooming, Unknown. Radio Button. Field of view zoomed during shot. Lens Distortion. Spinner. Show/change the lens distortion coefficient. Calculate Distortion. Checkbox. When checked, SynthEyes will calculate the lens distortion coefficient. You should have plenty of well-distributed trackers in your shot. Add Line. Checkbox. Adds an alignment line to the image that you can line up with a straight line in the image, adjust the lens distortion to match, and/or use it for tripod or lock-off scene alignment. Kill Line. Checkbox. Removes the selected alignment line (the delete key also does this). Control-click to delete all the alignment lines at once. Axis Type. Drop-down list. Not oriented, if the line is only there for lens distortion determination, parallel to one of the three axes, along one of the three (XYZ) axes, or along one of the three axes, with the length specified by the spinner. Configures the line for alignment. - . Button. Swaps an alignment line end for end. The direction of a line is significant and displayed only for on-axis lines. Length. Spinner. Sets the length of the line to control overall scene sizing during alignment. Only a single line, which must be on-axis, can have a length. Atnnnf.Button. Shows(not set)if no alignment lines have been configured. This button shows the (single) frame on which alignment lines have been defined and alignment will take place; clicking the button takes you to this frame. Set each time you change an alignment line, or right-click the button to set it to the current frame. Align!Button. Aligns the scene to match the alignment lines defined—on the frame given by theAt…button. Other frames are adjusted correspondingly. To sequence through all the possible solutions,control-click this button. Solver Control Panel Go!Button. Starts the solving process, after tracking is complete. Master Reset. Button. Resets all cameras/objects and the trackers on them, though all Disabled camera/objects are left untouched. Control-click to clear the seed path, and optionally the seed FOV (after confirmation). Error. Number display. Root-mean-square error, in horizontal pixels, of all trackers associated with this object or tracker. Seeding Method.Upper drop-down list controlling the way the solver begins its solving process, chosen from the following methods Auto. List Item. Selects the automatic seeding(initial estimation) process, for a camera that physically moves during the shot. Refine. List item. Resumes a previous solving cycle, generally after changes in trackers or coordinate systems. Tripod. List Item. Use when the camera pans, tilts, and zooms, but does not move. Refine Tripod. List item. Resumes a previous solving cycle, but indicates that the camera was mounted on a tripod. Indirect. List Item. Use for camera/objects which will be seeded from links to other camera/objects, for example, a DV shot indirectly seeded from digital camera stills. Individual. List Item. Use for motion capture. The object s trackers are solved individually to determine their path, using the same feature on other “Individual” objects; the corresponding trackers are linked in one direction. Points. List Item. Seed from seed points, set up from the 3-D trackers panel. Use with on-set measurement data, or afterSet Allon the Coordinate Panel. You should still configure coordinate system constraints with this mode some hard locks and/or distance constraints. Path. List Item. Uses the camera/object s seed path as a seed, for example, from a previous solution or a motion-controlled camera. Disabled. List Item. This camera/object is disabled and will not be solved for. Directional Hint. Second drop-down list. Gives a hint to speed the initial estimation process, or to help select the correct solution, or to specify camera timing for “Individual” objects. Chosen from the following for Automatic objects Automatic. List Item. In automatic seeding mode, SynthEyes can be given a hint as to the general direction of motion of the camera to save time. With the automatic button checked, it doesn’t need such a hint. Left. List Item. The camera moved generally to its left. Right. List Item. The camera moved generally to its right. Up. List Item. The camera moved generally upwards. Down. List Item. The camera moved generally downwards. Push In. List Item. The camera moved forward (different than zooming in!). Pull Back. List Item. The camera moved backwards (different than zooming out!). Camera Timing Setting. The following items are displayed when “Individual” is selected as the object solving mode. They actually apply to the entire shot, not just the particular object. Sync Locked. List Item. The shot is either the main timing reference, or is locked to it (ie, gen-locked video camera). Crystal Sync. List Item. The camera has a crystal-controlled frame rate (ie a video camera at exactly 29.97 Hz), but it may be up to a frame out of synchronization because it is not actually locked. Loosely Synced. List item. The camera s frame rate may vary somewhat from nominal, and will be determined relative the reference. Notably, a mechanical film camera. Slow but sure. Checkbox. When checked, SynthEyes looks especially hard (and longer) for the best initial solution. Constrain. Checkbox for experts. When on, constraints set up using the coordinate system panel are applied rigorously, modifying the tracker positions. When off, constraints are used to position, size, and orient the solution, without deforming it. Seealignment vs constraints. Hold.Animated Button. Use to create hold regions to handle shots with amix of normal and tripod-modesections. Begin. Spinner and checkbox. Numeric display shows an initial frame used by SynthEyes during automatic estimation. With the checkbox checked, you can override the begin frame solution. Either manually or automatically, the camera should have panned or tilted only about 30 degrees. If the camera does something wild between the automatically-selected frames, or if their data is particularly unreliable for some reason, you can manually select the frames instead. The selected frame will be selected as you adjust this, and the number of frames in common shown on the status line. End. Spinner and checkbox. Numeric display shows a final frame used by SynthEyes during automatic estimation. With the checkbox checked, you can override the end frame solution. World size. Spinner. Rough estimate of the size of the scene, including the trackers and motion of the camera. Transition Frms. Spinner. When trackers first become usable or are about to become unusable, SynthEyes gradually reduces their impact on the solution, to maintain an undetectable transition. The value specifies how many frames to spread the transition over. Filter Frms. Spinner. Controls post-solving path filtering. If this control is set to 3, say, then each frame s camera position is a (weighted) average of its position within 3 frames earlier and 3 frames later in the sequence. A larger number creates a smoother path, butincreaseserrors. Overall Weight. Spinner. Defaults to 1.0. Multiplier that helps determine the weight given to the data for each frame from this object s trackers. Lower values allow a sloppier match, higher values cause a closer match, for example, on a high-resolution calibration sequence consisting of only a few frames.WARNING This control is for experts and should be used judiciously and infrequently. It is easy to use it to mathematically destabilize the solving process, so that you will not get a valid solution at all. Keep near 1. More. Button. Brings up or takes down the Hard and Soft Lock Controls dialog. Axis Locks. 7 Buttons. When enabled, the corresponding axis of the current camera or object is constrained to match the corresponding value from the seed path. These constraints are enforced either loosely after solving, with Constrain off, or tightly during solving, with Constrain on. See the section onConstraining Camera or Object Position. Animated. Right-click to remove a key on the current frame. L/R. Left/right axis (ie X) F/B. Front/back axis (Y or Z) U/D. Up/down axis (Z in Z-up or Y in Y-up) FOV. Camera field of view (available/relevant only for Zoom cameras) Pan. Pan angle around ground plane Tilt. Tilt angle up or down from ground plane Roll. Roll angle from vertical Never convert to Far.Normally, SynthEyes monitors trackers during 3-D solves, and automatically converts trackers to Far if they are found to be too far away. This strategy backfires if the shot has very little perspective to start with, as most trackers can be converted to far. Use this checkbox if you wish to try obtaining a 3-D solve for your nearly-a-tripod shot. Coordinate System Control Panel Tracker Name. Edit. Shows the name of selected tracker, or change it to describe what it is tracking. Camera/Object. Drop-down list. Shows what object or camera the tracker is associated with; change it to move the tracker to a different object or camera on the same shot (or, you can clone it there for special situations). Entries beginning with asterisk(*) are on a different shot with the same aspect and length; trackers may be moved there, though this may adversely affect constraints, lights, etc. *3. Button. Starts and controls three-point coordinate setup mode. Click it once to begin, then click on origin, on-axis, and on-plane trackers in the camera view, 3-D viewports, or perspective window. The button will sequence through Or, LR, FB, and Pl to indicate which tracker should be clicked next. Click this button to skip from LR (left/right) to FB (front/back), or to skip setting other trackers. After the third tracker, you will have the opportunity to re-solve the scene to apply the new settings. Seed Lock Group X, Y, Z.Buttons. Multi-choice buttons flip between X, X+, X-; Y, Y+, Y-; and Z, Z+,Z- respectively. These buttons control which possible coordinate-system solution is selected when there are several possibilities. Only significant when the tracker is locked on one or two axes. X, Y, Z. Spinners. An initial position used as a guess at the start of solving (if seed checkbox on), and/or a position to which the tracker is locked, depending on the Lock Type list. Seed. Mode button. When on, the X/Y/Z location will be used to help estimate camera/object position at the start of solving, if Points seeding mode is selected. Peg. Mode button. If on, and the Solver panel s Constrain checkbox is on, the tracker will be pegged exactly, as selected by the Lock Type. Otherwise, the solver may modify the constraints to minimize overall error. See documentation for details and limitations. Far. Mode button. Turn on if the tracker is far from the camera. Example If the camera moved 10 feet during the shot, turn on for any point 10,000 feet or more away. Far points are on the horizon, and their distance can not be estimated. This button states yourwish, SynthEyes may solve a tracker as far anyway, if it is determined to have too little perspective. Lock Type. Drop-down list. Has no effect if Unlocked. The other settings tell SynthEyes to force one or more tracker position coordinates to 0 or the corresponding seed axis value. Use to lock the tracker to the origin, the floor, a wall, a known measured position, etc. See the section onLock Mode Details. If you select several trackers, some with targets, some without, this list will be empty—right-click the Target Point button to clear it. Target Point. Button. Use to set up links between trackers. Select one tracker, click the Target Point button to select the target tracker by name. Or, ALT-click (Mac Command-Left-Click) the target tracker in the camera view or 3-D viewport. If the trackers are on the same camera/object, the Distance spinner activates to control the desired distance between the trackers. You can also lock one or more of their coordinates to be identical, forcing them parallel to the same axis or plane. If the trackers are on different camera/objects, you have created a link the two trackers will be forced to the same location during solving. If two trackers track the same feature, but one tracker is on a DV shot, the other on digital camera stills, use the link to make them have the same location. Right-click to remove an existing target tracker. Dist. Spinner. Sets the desired distance between two trackers on the same object. Solved. X, Y, Z numbers. After solving, the final tracker location. Error. Number. After solving, the root-mean-square error between this tracker s predicted and actual positions. If the error exceeds 1 pixel, look for tracking problems using the Tracker Graph window. [FAR]. This will show up after the error value, if the tracker has been solved as far. Set Seed. Button. After solving, sets the computed location up as the seed location for later solver passes using Points mode. All. Button. Sets up all solved trackers as seeds for subsequent passes. Exportable. Checkbox. Uncheck this box to tell savvy export scripts not to export this tracker. For example, exporting to a compositor, you may want only a half dozen of a hundred or two automatically-generated trackers to be exported and create a new layer in the compositor. Non-exportable points are shown in a different color, somewhat closer to that of the background. 3-D Control Panel Creation Mesh Type. Drop-down. Selects the type of object created by the Create Tool. Create Tool. Mode button. Clicking in a 3-D viewport creates the mesh object listed on the creation mesh type list, such as a pyramid or Earthling. Most mesh objects require two drag sequences to set the position, size, and scale. Note that mesh objects are different than objects created with the Shot Menu s Add Moving Object button. Moving objects can have trackers associated with them, but are themselves null objects. Mesh objects have a mesh, but no trackers. Often you will create a moving object and its trackers, then add a mesh object(s) to it after solving to check the track. Object name. Editable drop-down. The name of the object selected in the 3-D or camera viewports. Changeable. Delete. Button. Deletes the selected object. Lock Selection. Mode button. Locks the selection in the 3-D viewport to prevent inadvertent reselection when moving objects. World/Object. Mode button. Switches between the usual world coordinate system, and the object coordinate system where everything else is displayed relative to the current object or camera, as selected by the shot menu. Lets you add a mesh aligned to an object easily. Move Tool. Mode button. Dragging an object in the 3-D viewport moves it. Rotate Tool. Mode button. Dragging an object in the 3-D viewport rotates it about the axis coming up out of the screen. Scale Tool. Mode button. Dragging an object in the 3-D viewport scales it uniformly. Use the spinners to change each axis individually. Make/Remove Key., Button. Adds or removes a key at the current frame for the currently-selected object. Show/Hide. Button. Show or hide the selected mesh object. Object color. Color Swatch. Object color, click to change. X/Y/Z Values. Spinners. Display X, Y, or Z position, rotation or scale values, depending on the currently-selected tool. Size. Spinner. This is an overall size spinner, use it when the Scale Tool is selected to change all three axis scales in lockstep. Whole. Button. When moving a solved object, normally it moves only for the current frame, allowing you to tweak particular frames. If you turn on Whole, moving the object moves the entire path, so you can adjust your coordinate system without using locks. If you do this, you should set up some locks subsequently and switch to Point or Path seeding, or you will have to readjust the path again if you re-solve.Hint Whole mode has some rules to decide whether or not to affect meshes. To force it to include all meshes in the action, turn onWhole affects mesheson the 3-D viewport and perspective window s right-click menu. Blast. Button. Writes the entire solved history onto the object s seed path, so it can be used for path seeding mode. Reset. Button. Clears the object s solved path, exposing the seed path. Cast Shadows. (Mesh) Object should cast a shadow in the perspective window. Catch Shadows. (Mesh) Object should catch shadows in the perspective window. Back Faces. Draw the both sides of faces, not only the front. Invert Normals. Make the mesh normals point the other way from their imported values. Lighting Control Panel New Light. Button. Click to create a new light in the scene. Delete Light. Button. Delete the light in the selected-light drop-down list. Selected Light. Drop-down list. Shows the select light, and lets you change its name, or select a different one. Far-away light. When checked, light is a distant, directional, light. When off, light is a nearby spotlight or omnidirectional(point) light. Compute over frames This, All, Lock. In the (normal) This mode, the light s position is computed for each frame independently. In the All or Lock mode, the light s position is averaged over all the frames in the sequence. In the All mode, this calculation is performed repeatedly for “live updates.” In the Lock mode, the calculation occurs only when clicking the Lock button. New Ray. Button. Creates a new ray on the selected light. Delete Ray. Button. Delete the selected ray. Previous Ray ( ). Button. Switch to the previous lower-numbered ray on the selected light. Ray Number. Text field. Shows something like 1/3 to indicate ray 1 of 3 for this light. Next Ray ( ). Button. Switch to the next higher ray on the selected light. Selected Ray Source. Mode button. When lit up, click a tracker in the camera view or any 3-D view to mark it as one point on the ray. Target. Mode button. When lit up, click a tracker in the camera view or any 3-D view to mark it as one point on the ray. If the source and target trackers are the same, it is a reflected-highlight tracking setup, and the Target button will show “(highlight).” For highlight tracking to be functional, there must be a mesh object for the tracker to reflect from. Distance. Spinner. When only a single ray to a nearby light is available, use this spinner to adjust the distance to the light. Leave at zero the rest of the time. Flex/Curve Control Panel Theflex/curvecontrol panel handles both object types, which are used to determine the 3-D position/shape of a curve in 3-D, even if it has no discernable point features. If you select a curve, the parameters of its parent flex (if any) will be shown in the flex section of the dialog. New Flex. Creates and selects a new flex. Left-click successively in a 3-D view or the perspective view to lay down a series of control points. Right-click to end. Delete Flex. Deletes the selected flex (even if it was a curve that was initially clicked). Flex Name List. Lists all the flexes in the scene, allowing you to select a flex, or change its name. Moving Object List. If the flex is parented to a moving object, it is shown here. Normally, “(world)” will be listed. Show this 3-D flex. Controls whether the flex is seen in the viewports or not. Clear. Clears any existing 3-D solution for the flex, so that the flex s initial seed control points may be seen and changed. Solve. Solves for the 3-D position and shape of the flex. The control points disappear, and the solved shape becomes visible. All. Causes all the flexes to be solved simultaneously. Pixel error. Root-mean-square (~average) error in the solved flex, in horizontal pixels. Count. The number of points that will be solved for along the length of the flex. Stiffness. Controls the relative importance of keeping the flex stiff and straight versus reproducing each detail in the curves. Stretch. Relative importance of (not) being stretchy. Endiness. (yes, made this up) Relative importance of exactly meeting the end-point specification. New Curve. Begins creating a new curve—click on a series of points in the camera view. Delete. Deletes the curve. Curve NameList.Shows the currently-selected curves name among a list of all the curves attached to the current flex, or all the unconnected curves if this one is not connected. Parent Flex List.Shows the parent flex of this curve, among all of the flexes. Show.Controls whether or not the curve is shown in the viewport. Enable.Animated checkbox indicating whether the curve should be enabled or not on the current frame. For example, turn it off after the curve goes off-screen, or if the curve is occluded by something that prevents its correct position from being determined. Key all.When on, changing one control point will add a key on all of them. Rough.Select several trackers, turn this button on, then click a curve to use the trackers to roughly position the curve throughout the length of the shot. Truncate.Kills all the keys off the tracker from the current frame to the end of the shot. Tune.Snaps the curve exactly onto the edge underneath it, on the current frame. All.Brings up theCurve Tracking Controldialog, which allows this curve, or all the curves, to be tracked throughout an entire range of frames.
https://w.atwiki.jp/alphaomega/pages/60.html
youtube-dl - download videos from youtube.com or other video platforms INSTALLATION DESCRIPTION OPTIONS CONFIGURATION OUTPUT TEMPLATE FORMAT SELECTION VIDEO SELECTION FAQ DEVELOPER INSTRUCTIONS EMBEDDING YOUTUBE-DL BUGS COPYRIGHT INSTALLATION To install it right away for all UNIX users (Linux, macOS, etc.), type sudo curl -L https //yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -o /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl If you do not have curl, you can alternatively use a recent wget sudo wget https //yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -O /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl Windows users can download an .exe file and place it in any location on their PATH except for %SYSTEMROOT%\System32 (e.g. do not put in C \Windows\System32). You can also use pip sudo -H pip install --upgrade youtube-dl This command will update youtube-dl if you have already installed it. See the pypi page for more information. macOS users can install youtube-dl with Homebrew brew install youtube-dl Or with MacPorts sudo port install youtube-dl Alternatively, refer to the developer instructions for how to check out and work with the git repository. For further options, including PGP signatures, see the youtube-dl Download Page. DESCRIPTION youtube-dl is a command-line program to download videos from YouTube.com and a few more sites. It requires the Python interpreter, version 2.6, 2.7, or 3.2+, and it is not platform specific. It should work on your Unix box, on Windows or on macOS. It is released to the public domain, which means you can modify it, redistribute it or use it however you like. youtube-dl [OPTIONS] URL [URL...] OPTIONS -h, --help Print this help text and exit --version Print program version and exit -U, --update Update this program to latest version. Make sure that you have sufficient permissions (run with sudo if needed) -i, --ignore-errors Continue on download errors, for example to skip unavailable videos in a playlist --abort-on-error Abort downloading of further videos (in the playlist or the command line) if an error occurs --dump-user-agent Display the current browser identification --list-extractors List all supported extractors --extractor-descriptions Output descriptions of all supported extractors --force-generic-extractor Force extraction to use the generic extractor --default-search PREFIX Use this prefix for unqualified URLs. For example gvsearch2 downloads two videos from google videos for youtube-dl large apple . Use the value auto to let youtube-dl guess ( auto_warning to emit a warning when guessing). error just throws an error. The default value fixup_error repairs broken URLs, but emits an error if this is not possible instead of searching. --ignore-config Do not read configuration files. When given in the global configuration file /etc/youtube-dl.conf Do not read the user configuration in ~/.config/youtube- dl/config (%APPDATA%/youtube-dl/config.txt on Windows) --config-location PATH Location of the configuration file; either the path to the config or its containing directory. --flat-playlist Do not extract the videos of a playlist, only list them. --mark-watched Mark videos watched (YouTube only) --no-mark-watched Do not mark videos watched (YouTube only) --no-color Do not emit color codes in output Network Options --proxy URL Use the specified HTTP/HTTPS/SOCKS proxy. To enable SOCKS proxy, specify a proper scheme. For example socks5 //127.0.0.1 1080/. Pass in an empty string (--proxy ) for direct connection --socket-timeout SECONDS Time to wait before giving up, in seconds --source-address IP Client-side IP address to bind to -4, --force-ipv4 Make all connections via IPv4 -6, --force-ipv6 Make all connections via IPv6 Geo Restriction --geo-verification-proxy URL Use this proxy to verify the IP address for some geo-restricted sites. The default proxy specified by --proxy (or none, if the option is not present) is used for the actual downloading. --geo-bypass Bypass geographic restriction via faking X-Forwarded-For HTTP header --no-geo-bypass Do not bypass geographic restriction via faking X-Forwarded-For HTTP header --geo-bypass-country CODE Force bypass geographic restriction with explicitly provided two-letter ISO 3166-2 country code --geo-bypass-ip-block IP_BLOCK Force bypass geographic restriction with explicitly provided IP block in CIDR notation Video Selection --playlist-start NUMBER Playlist video to start at (default is 1) --playlist-end NUMBER Playlist video to end at (default is last) --playlist-items ITEM_SPEC Playlist video items to download. Specify indices of the videos in the playlist separated by commas like --playlist-items 1,2,5,8 if you want to download videos indexed 1, 2, 5, 8 in the playlist. You can specify range --playlist-items 1-3,7,10-13 , it will download the videos at index 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12 and 13. --match-title REGEX Download only matching titles (regex or caseless sub-string) --reject-title REGEX Skip download for matching titles (regex or caseless sub-string) --max-downloads NUMBER Abort after downloading NUMBER files --min-filesize SIZE Do not download any videos smaller than SIZE (e.g. 50k or 44.6m) --max-filesize SIZE Do not download any videos larger than SIZE (e.g. 50k or 44.6m) --date DATE Download only videos uploaded in this date --datebefore DATE Download only videos uploaded on or before this date (i.e. inclusive) --dateafter DATE Download only videos uploaded on or after this date (i.e. inclusive) --min-views COUNT Do not download any videos with less than COUNT views --max-views COUNT Do not download any videos with more than COUNT views --match-filter FILTER Generic video filter. Specify any key (see the OUTPUT TEMPLATE for a list of available keys) to match if the key is present, !key to check if the key is not present, key NUMBER (like comment_count 12 , also works with =, , =, !=, =) to compare against a number, key = LITERAL (like uploader = Mike Smith , also works with !=) to match against a string literal and to require multiple matches. Values which are not known are excluded unless you put a question mark (?) after the operator. For example, to only match videos that have been liked more than 100 times and disliked less than 50 times (or the dislike functionality is not available at the given service), but who also have a description, use --match-filter like_count 100 dislike_count ? 50 description . --no-playlist Download only the video, if the URL refers to a video and a playlist. --yes-playlist Download the playlist, if the URL refers to a video and a playlist. --age-limit YEARS Download only videos suitable for the given age --download-archive FILE Download only videos not listed in the archive file. Record the IDs of all downloaded videos in it. --include-ads Download advertisements as well (experimental) Download Options -r, --limit-rate RATE Maximum download rate in bytes per second (e.g. 50K or 4.2M) -R, --retries RETRIES Number of retries (default is 10), or infinite . --fragment-retries RETRIES Number of retries for a fragment (default is 10), or infinite (DASH, hlsnative and ISM) --skip-unavailable-fragments Skip unavailable fragments (DASH, hlsnative and ISM) --abort-on-unavailable-fragment Abort downloading when some fragment is not available --keep-fragments Keep downloaded fragments on disk after downloading is finished; fragments are erased by default --buffer-size SIZE Size of download buffer (e.g. 1024 or 16K) (default is 1024) --no-resize-buffer Do not automatically adjust the buffer size. By default, the buffer size is automatically resized from an initial value of SIZE. --http-chunk-size SIZE Size of a chunk for chunk-based HTTP downloading (e.g. 10485760 or 10M) (default is disabled). May be useful for bypassing bandwidth throttling imposed by a webserver (experimental) --playlist-reverse Download playlist videos in reverse order --playlist-random Download playlist videos in random order --xattr-set-filesize Set file xattribute ytdl.filesize with expected file size --hls-prefer-native Use the native HLS downloader instead of ffmpeg --hls-prefer-ffmpeg Use ffmpeg instead of the native HLS downloader --hls-use-mpegts Use the mpegts container for HLS videos, allowing to play the video while downloading (some players may not be able to play it) --external-downloader COMMAND Use the specified external downloader. Currently supports aria2c,avconv,axel,curl,ffmpeg,httpie,wget --external-downloader-args ARGS Give these arguments to the external downloader Filesystem Options -a, --batch-file FILE File containing URLs to download ( - for stdin), one URL per line. Lines starting with # , ; or ] are considered as comments and ignored. --id Use only video ID in file name -o, --output TEMPLATE Output filename template, see the OUTPUT TEMPLATE for all the info --autonumber-start NUMBER Specify the start value for %(autonumber)s (default is 1) --restrict-filenames Restrict filenames to only ASCII characters, and avoid and spaces in filenames -w, --no-overwrites Do not overwrite files -c, --continue Force resume of partially downloaded files. By default, youtube-dl will resume downloads if possible. --no-continue Do not resume partially downloaded files (restart from beginning) --no-part Do not use .part files - write directly into output file --no-mtime Do not use the Last-modified header to set the file modification time --write-description Write video description to a .description file --write-info-json Write video metadata to a .info.json file --write-annotations Write video annotations to a .annotations.xml file --load-info-json FILE JSON file containing the video information (created with the --write-info-json option) --cookies FILE File to read cookies from and dump cookie jar in --cache-dir DIR Location in the filesystem where youtube-dl can store some downloaded information permanently. By default $XDG_CACHE_HOME/youtube-dl or ~/.cache/youtube-dl . At the moment, only YouTube player files (for videos with obfuscated signatures) are cached, but that may change. --no-cache-dir Disable filesystem caching --rm-cache-dir Delete all filesystem cache files Thumbnail images --write-thumbnail Write thumbnail image to disk --write-all-thumbnails Write all thumbnail image formats to disk --list-thumbnails Simulate and list all available thumbnail formats Verbosity / Simulation Options -q, --quiet Activate quiet mode --no-warnings Ignore warnings -s, --simulate Do not download the video and do not write anything to disk --skip-download Do not download the video -g, --get-url Simulate, quiet but print URL -e, --get-title Simulate, quiet but print title --get-id Simulate, quiet but print id --get-thumbnail Simulate, quiet but print thumbnail URL --get-description Simulate, quiet but print video description --get-duration Simulate, quiet but print video length --get-filename Simulate, quiet but print output filename --get-format Simulate, quiet but print output format -j, --dump-json Simulate, quiet but print JSON information. See the OUTPUT TEMPLATE for a description of available keys. -J, --dump-single-json Simulate, quiet but print JSON information for each command-line argument. If the URL refers to a playlist, dump the whole playlist information in a single line. --print-json Be quiet and print the video information as JSON (video is still being downloaded). --newline Output progress bar as new lines --no-progress Do not print progress bar --console-title Display progress in console titlebar -v, --verbose Print various debugging information --dump-pages Print downloaded pages encoded using base64 to debug problems (very verbose) --write-pages Write downloaded intermediary pages to files in the current directory to debug problems --print-traffic Display sent and read HTTP traffic -C, --call-home Contact the youtube-dl server for debugging --no-call-home Do NOT contact the youtube-dl server for debugging Workarounds --encoding ENCODING Force the specified encoding (experimental) --no-check-certificate Suppress HTTPS certificate validation --prefer-insecure Use an unencrypted connection to retrieve information about the video. (Currently supported only for YouTube) --user-agent UA Specify a custom user agent --referer URL Specify a custom referer, use if the video access is restricted to one domain --add-header FIELD VALUE Specify a custom HTTP header and its value, separated by a colon . You can use this option multiple times --bidi-workaround Work around terminals that lack bidirectional text support. Requires bidiv or fribidi executable in PATH --sleep-interval SECONDS Number of seconds to sleep before each download when used alone or a lower bound of a range for randomized sleep before each download (minimum possible number of seconds to sleep) when used along with --max-sleep-interval. --max-sleep-interval SECONDS Upper bound of a range for randomized sleep before each download (maximum possible number of seconds to sleep). Must only be used along with --min-sleep-interval. Video Format Options -f, --format FORMAT Video format code, see the FORMAT SELECTION for all the info --all-formats Download all available video formats --prefer-free-formats Prefer free video formats unless a specific one is requested -F, --list-formats List all available formats of requested videos --youtube-skip-dash-manifest Do not download the DASH manifests and related data on YouTube videos --merge-output-format FORMAT If a merge is required (e.g. bestvideo+bestaudio), output to given container format. One of mkv, mp4, ogg, webm, flv. Ignored if no merge is required Subtitle Options --write-sub Write subtitle file --write-auto-sub Write automatically generated subtitle file (YouTube only) --all-subs Download all the available subtitles of the video --list-subs List all available subtitles for the video --sub-format FORMAT Subtitle format, accepts formats preference, for example srt or ass/srt/best --sub-lang LANGS Languages of the subtitles to download (optional) separated by commas, use --list- subs for available language tags Authentication Options -u, --username USERNAME Login with this account ID -p, --password PASSWORD Account password. If this option is left out, youtube-dl will ask interactively. -2, --twofactor TWOFACTOR Two-factor authentication code -n, --netrc Use .netrc authentication data --video-password PASSWORD Video password (vimeo, smotri, youku) Adobe Pass Options --ap-mso MSO Adobe Pass multiple-system operator (TV provider) identifier, use --ap-list-mso for a list of available MSOs --ap-username USERNAME Multiple-system operator account login --ap-password PASSWORD Multiple-system operator account password. If this option is left out, youtube-dl will ask interactively. --ap-list-mso List all supported multiple-system operators Post-processing Options -x, --extract-audio Convert video files to audio-only files (requires ffmpeg or avconv and ffprobe or avprobe) --audio-format FORMAT Specify audio format best , aac , flac , mp3 , m4a , opus , vorbis , or wav ; best by default; No effect without -x --audio-quality QUALITY Specify ffmpeg/avconv audio quality, insert a value between 0 (better) and 9 (worse) for VBR or a specific bitrate like 128K (default 5) --recode-video FORMAT Encode the video to another format if necessary (currently supported mp4|flv|ogg|webm|mkv|avi) --postprocessor-args ARGS Give these arguments to the postprocessor -k, --keep-video Keep the video file on disk after the post- processing; the video is erased by default --no-post-overwrites Do not overwrite post-processed files; the post-processed files are overwritten by default --embed-subs Embed subtitles in the video (only for mp4, webm and mkv videos) --embed-thumbnail Embed thumbnail in the audio as cover art --add-metadata Write metadata to the video file --metadata-from-title FORMAT Parse additional metadata like song title / artist from the video title. The format syntax is the same as --output. Regular expression with named capture groups may also be used. The parsed parameters replace existing values. Example --metadata-from- title %(artist)s - %(title)s matches a title like Coldplay - Paradise . Example (regex) --metadata-from-title (?P artist .+?) - (?P title .+) --xattrs Write metadata to the video file s xattrs (using dublin core and xdg standards) --fixup POLICY Automatically correct known faults of the file. One of never (do nothing), warn (only emit a warning), detect_or_warn (the default; fix file if we can, warn otherwise) --prefer-avconv Prefer avconv over ffmpeg for running the postprocessors --prefer-ffmpeg Prefer ffmpeg over avconv for running the postprocessors (default) --ffmpeg-location PATH Location of the ffmpeg/avconv binary; either the path to the binary or its containing directory. --exec CMD Execute a command on the file after downloading and post-processing, similar to find s -exec syntax. Example --exec adb push {} /sdcard/Music/ rm {} --convert-subs FORMAT Convert the subtitles to other format (currently supported srt|ass|vtt|lrc) CONFIGURATION You can configure youtube-dl by placing any supported command line option to a configuration file. On Linux and macOS, the system wide configuration file is located at /etc/youtube-dl.conf and the user wide configuration file at ~/.config/youtube-dl/config. On Windows, the user wide configuration file locations are %APPDATA%\youtube-dl\config.txt or C \Users\ user name \youtube-dl.conf. Note that by default configuration file may not exist so you may need to create it yourself. For example, with the following configuration file youtube-dl will always extract the audio, not copy the mtime, use a proxy and save all videos under Movies directory in your home directory # Lines starting with # are comments # Always extract audio -x # Do not copy the mtime --no-mtime # Use this proxy --proxy 127.0.0.1 3128 # Save all videos under Movies directory in your home directory -o ~/Movies/%(title)s.%(ext)s Note that options in configuration file are just the same options aka switches used in regular command line calls thus there must be no whitespace after - or --, e.g. -o or --proxy but not - o or -- proxy. You can use --ignore-config if you want to disable the configuration file for a particular youtube-dl run. You can also use --config-location if you want to use custom configuration file for a particular youtube-dl run. Authentication with .netrc file You may also want to configure automatic credentials storage for extractors that support authentication (by providing login and password with --username and --password) in order not to pass credentials as command line arguments on every youtube-dl execution and prevent tracking plain text passwords in the shell command history. You can achieve this using a .netrc file on a per extractor basis. For that you will need to create a .netrc file in your $HOME and restrict permissions to read/write by only you touch $HOME/.netrc chmod a-rwx,u+rw $HOME/.netrc After that you can add credentials for an extractor in the following format, where extractor is the name of the extractor in lowercase machine extractor login login password password For example machine youtube login myaccount@gmail.com password my_youtube_password machine twitch login my_twitch_account_name password my_twitch_password To activate authentication with the .netrc file you should pass --netrc to youtube-dl or place it in the configuration file. On Windows you may also need to setup the %HOME% environment variable manually. For example set HOME=%USERPROFILE% OUTPUT TEMPLATE The -o option allows users to indicate a template for the output file names. tl;dr navigate me to examples. The basic usage is not to set any template arguments when downloading a single file, like in youtube-dl -o funny_video.flv https //some/video . However, it may contain special sequences that will be replaced when downloading each video. The special sequences may be formatted according to python string formatting operations. For example, %(NAME)s or %(NAME)05d. To clarify, that is a percent symbol followed by a name in parentheses, followed by formatting operations. Allowed names along with sequence type are id (string) Video identifier title (string) Video title url (string) Video URL ext (string) Video filename extension alt_title (string) A secondary title of the video display_id (string) An alternative identifier for the video uploader (string) Full name of the video uploader license (string) License name the video is licensed under creator (string) The creator of the video release_date (string) The date (YYYYMMDD) when the video was released timestamp (numeric) UNIX timestamp of the moment the video became available upload_date (string) Video upload date (YYYYMMDD) uploader_id (string) Nickname or id of the video uploader channel (string) Full name of the channel the video is uploaded on channel_id (string) Id of the channel location (string) Physical location where the video was filmed duration (numeric) Length of the video in seconds view_count (numeric) How many users have watched the video on the platform like_count (numeric) Number of positive ratings of the video dislike_count (numeric) Number of negative ratings of the video repost_count (numeric) Number of reposts of the video average_rating (numeric) Average rating give by users, the scale used depends on the webpage comment_count (numeric) Number of comments on the video age_limit (numeric) Age restriction for the video (years) is_live (boolean) Whether this video is a live stream or a fixed-length video start_time (numeric) Time in seconds where the reproduction should start, as specified in the URL end_time (numeric) Time in seconds where the reproduction should end, as specified in the URL format (string) A human-readable description of the format format_id (string) Format code specified by --format format_note (string) Additional info about the format width (numeric) Width of the video height (numeric) Height of the video resolution (string) Textual description of width and height tbr (numeric) Average bitrate of audio and video in KBit/s abr (numeric) Average audio bitrate in KBit/s acodec (string) Name of the audio codec in use asr (numeric) Audio sampling rate in Hertz vbr (numeric) Average video bitrate in KBit/s fps (numeric) Frame rate vcodec (string) Name of the video codec in use container (string) Name of the container format filesize (numeric) The number of bytes, if known in advance filesize_approx (numeric) An estimate for the number of bytes protocol (string) The protocol that will be used for the actual download extractor (string) Name of the extractor extractor_key (string) Key name of the extractor epoch (numeric) Unix epoch when creating the file autonumber (numeric) Five-digit number that will be increased with each download, starting at zero playlist (string) Name or id of the playlist that contains the video playlist_index (numeric) Index of the video in the playlist padded with leading zeros according to the total length of the playlist playlist_id (string) Playlist identifier playlist_title (string) Playlist title playlist_uploader (string) Full name of the playlist uploader playlist_uploader_id (string) Nickname or id of the playlist uploader Available for the video that belongs to some logical chapter or section chapter (string) Name or title of the chapter the video belongs to chapter_number (numeric) Number of the chapter the video belongs to chapter_id (string) Id of the chapter the video belongs to Available for the video that is an episode of some series or programme series (string) Title of the series or programme the video episode belongs to season (string) Title of the season the video episode belongs to season_number (numeric) Number of the season the video episode belongs to season_id (string) Id of the season the video episode belongs to episode (string) Title of the video episode episode_number (numeric) Number of the video episode within a season episode_id (string) Id of the video episode Available for the media that is a track or a part of a music album track (string) Title of the track track_number (numeric) Number of the track within an album or a disc track_id (string) Id of the track artist (string) Artist(s) of the track genre (string) Genre(s) of the track album (string) Title of the album the track belongs to album_type (string) Type of the album album_artist (string) List of all artists appeared on the album disc_number (numeric) Number of the disc or other physical medium the track belongs to release_year (numeric) Year (YYYY) when the album was released Each aforementioned sequence when referenced in an output template will be replaced by the actual value corresponding to the sequence name. Note that some of the sequences are not guaranteed to be present since they depend on the metadata obtained by a particular extractor. Such sequences will be replaced with NA. For example for -o %(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s and an mp4 video with title youtube-dl test video and id BaW_jenozKcj, this will result in a youtube-dl test video-BaW_jenozKcj.mp4 file created in the current directory. For numeric sequences you can use numeric related formatting, for example, %(view_count)05d will result in a string with view count padded with zeros up to 5 characters, like in 00042. Output templates can also contain arbitrary hierarchical path, e.g. -o %(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s which will result in downloading each video in a directory corresponding to this path template. Any missing directory will be automatically created for you. To use percent literals in an output template use %%. To output to stdout use -o -. The current default template is %(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s. In some cases, you don t want special characters such as 中, spaces, or , such as when transferring the downloaded filename to a Windows system or the filename through an 8bit-unsafe channel. In these cases, add the --restrict-filenames flag to get a shorter title Output template and Windows batch files If you are using an output template inside a Windows batch file then you must escape plain percent characters (%) by doubling, so that -o %(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s should become -o %%(title)s-%%(id)s.%%(ext)s . However you should not touch % s that are not plain characters, e.g. environment variables for expansion should stay intact -o C \%HOMEPATH%\Desktop\%%(title)s.%%(ext)s . Output template examples Note that on Windows you may need to use double quotes instead of single. $ youtube-dl --get-filename -o %(title)s.%(ext)s BaW_jenozKc youtube-dl test video _ä↭𝕐.mp4 # All kinds of weird characters $ youtube-dl --get-filename -o %(title)s.%(ext)s BaW_jenozKc --restrict-filenames youtube-dl_test_video_.mp4 # A simple file name # Download YouTube playlist videos in separate directory indexed by video order in a playlist $ youtube-dl -o %(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s https //www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re # Download all playlists of YouTube channel/user keeping each playlist in separate directory $ youtube-dl -o %(uploader)s/%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s https //www.youtube.com/user/TheLinuxFoundation/playlists # Download Udemy course keeping each chapter in separate directory under MyVideos directory in your home $ youtube-dl -u user -p password -o ~/MyVideos/%(playlist)s/%(chapter_number)s - %(chapter)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s https //www.udemy.com/java-tutorial/ # Download entire series season keeping each series and each season in separate directory under C /MyVideos $ youtube-dl -o C /MyVideos/%(series)s/%(season_number)s - %(season)s/%(episode_number)s - %(episode)s.%(ext)s https //videomore.ru/kino_v_detalayah/5_sezon/367617 # Stream the video being downloaded to stdout $ youtube-dl -o - BaW_jenozKc FORMAT SELECTION By default youtube-dl tries to download the best available quality, i.e. if you want the best quality you don t need to pass any special options, youtube-dl will guess it for you by default. But sometimes you may want to download in a different format, for example when you are on a slow or intermittent connection. The key mechanism for achieving this is so-called format selection based on which you can explicitly specify desired format, select formats based on some criterion or criteria, setup precedence and much more. The general syntax for format selection is --format FORMAT or shorter -f FORMAT where FORMAT is a selector expression, i.e. an expression that describes format or formats you would like to download. tl;dr navigate me to examples. The simplest case is requesting a specific format, for example with -f 22 you can download the format with format code equal to 22. You can get the list of available format codes for particular video using --list-formats or -F. Note that these format codes are extractor specific. You can also use a file extension (currently 3gp, aac, flv, m4a, mp3, mp4, ogg, wav, webm are supported) to download the best quality format of a particular file extension served as a single file, e.g. -f webm will download the best quality format with the webm extension served as a single file. You can also use special names to select particular edge case formats best Select the best quality format represented by a single file with video and audio. worst Select the worst quality format represented by a single file with video and audio. bestvideo Select the best quality video-only format (e.g. DASH video). May not be available. worstvideo Select the worst quality video-only format. May not be available. bestaudio Select the best quality audio only-format. May not be available. worstaudio Select the worst quality audio only-format. May not be available. For example, to download the worst quality video-only format you can use -f worstvideo. If you want to download multiple videos and they don t have the same formats available, you can specify the order of preference using slashes. Note that slash is left-associative, i.e. formats on the left hand side are preferred, for example -f 22/17/18 will download format 22 if it s available, otherwise it will download format 17 if it s available, otherwise it will download format 18 if it s available, otherwise it will complain that no suitable formats are available for download. If you want to download several formats of the same video use a comma as a separator, e.g. -f 22,17,18 will download all these three formats, of course if they are available. Or a more sophisticated example combined with the precedence feature -f 136/137/mp4/bestvideo,140/m4a/bestaudio. You can also filter the video formats by putting a condition in brackets, as in -f best[height=720] (or -f [filesize 10M] ). The following numeric meta fields can be used with comparisons , =, , =, = (equals), != (not equals) filesize The number of bytes, if known in advance width Width of the video, if known height Height of the video, if known tbr Average bitrate of audio and video in KBit/s abr Average audio bitrate in KBit/s vbr Average video bitrate in KBit/s asr Audio sampling rate in Hertz fps Frame rate Also filtering work for comparisons = (equals), ^= (starts with), $= (ends with), *= (contains) and following string meta fields ext File extension acodec Name of the audio codec in use vcodec Name of the video codec in use container Name of the container format protocol The protocol that will be used for the actual download, lower-case (http, https, rtsp, rtmp, rtmpe, mms, f4m, ism, http_dash_segments, m3u8, or m3u8_native) format_id A short description of the format Any string comparison may be prefixed with negation ! in order to produce an opposite comparison, e.g. !*= (does not contain). Note that none of the aforementioned meta fields are guaranteed to be present since this solely depends on the metadata obtained by particular extractor, i.e. the metadata offered by the video hoster. Formats for which the value is not known are excluded unless you put a question mark (?) after the operator. You can combine format filters, so -f [height =? 720][tbr 500] selects up to 720p videos (or videos where the height is not known) with a bitrate of at least 500 KBit/s. You can merge the video and audio of two formats into a single file using -f video-format + audio-format (requires ffmpeg or avconv installed), for example -f bestvideo+bestaudio will download the best video-only format, the best audio-only format and mux them together with ffmpeg/avconv. Format selectors can also be grouped using parentheses, for example if you want to download the best mp4 and webm formats with a height lower than 480 you can use -f (mp4,webm)[height 480] . Since the end of April 2015 and version 2015.04.26, youtube-dl uses -f bestvideo+bestaudio/best as the default format selection (see #5447, #5456). If ffmpeg or avconv are installed this results in downloading bestvideo and bestaudio separately and muxing them together into a single file giving the best overall quality available. Otherwise it falls back to best and results in downloading the best available quality served as a single file. best is also needed for videos that don t come from YouTube because they don t provide the audio and video in two different files. If you want to only download some DASH formats (for example if you are not interested in getting videos with a resolution higher than 1080p), you can add -f bestvideo[height =?1080]+bestaudio/best to your configuration file. Note that if you use youtube-dl to stream to stdout (and most likely to pipe it to your media player then), i.e. you explicitly specify output template as -o -, youtube-dl still uses -f best format selection in order to start content delivery immediately to your player and not to wait until bestvideo and bestaudio are downloaded and muxed. If you want to preserve the old format selection behavior (prior to youtube-dl 2015.04.26), i.e. you want to download the best available quality media served as a single file, you should explicitly specify your choice with -f best. You may want to add it to the configuration file in order not to type it every time you run youtube-dl. Format selection examples Note that on Windows you may need to use double quotes instead of single. # Download best mp4 format available or any other best if no mp4 available $ youtube-dl -f bestvideo[ext=mp4]+bestaudio[ext=m4a]/best[ext=mp4]/best # Download best format available but no better than 480p $ youtube-dl -f bestvideo[height =480]+bestaudio/best[height =480] # Download best video only format but no bigger than 50 MB $ youtube-dl -f best[filesize 50M] # Download best format available via direct link over HTTP/HTTPS protocol $ youtube-dl -f (bestvideo+bestaudio/best)[protocol^=http] # Download the best video format and the best audio format without merging them $ youtube-dl -f bestvideo,bestaudio -o %(title)s.f%(format_id)s.%(ext)s Note that in the last example, an output template is recommended as bestvideo and bestaudio may have the same file name. VIDEO SELECTION Videos can be filtered by their upload date using the options --date, --datebefore or --dateafter. They accept dates in two formats Absolute dates Dates in the format YYYYMMDD. Relative dates Dates in the format (now|today)[+-][0-9](day|week|month|year)(s)? Examples # Download only the videos uploaded in the last 6 months $ youtube-dl --dateafter now-6months # Download only the videos uploaded on January 1, 1970 $ youtube-dl --date 19700101 $ # Download only the videos uploaded in the 200x decade $ youtube-dl --dateafter 20000101 --datebefore 20091231 FAQ How do I update youtube-dl? If you ve followed our manual installation instructions, you can simply run youtube-dl -U (or, on Linux, sudo youtube-dl -U). If you have used pip, a simple sudo pip install -U youtube-dl is sufficient to update. If you have installed youtube-dl using a package manager like apt-get or yum, use the standard system update mechanism to update. Note that distribution packages are often outdated. As a rule of thumb, youtube-dl releases at least once a month, and often weekly or even daily. Simply go to https //yt-dl.org to find out the current version. Unfortunately, there is nothing we youtube-dl developers can do if your distribution serves a really outdated version. You can (and should) complain to your distribution in their bugtracker or support forum. As a last resort, you can also uninstall the version installed by your package manager and follow our manual installation instructions. For that, remove the distribution s package, with a line like sudo apt-get remove -y youtube-dl Afterwards, simply follow our manual installation instructions sudo wget https //yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -O /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl hash -r Again, from then on you ll be able to update with sudo youtube-dl -U. youtube-dl is extremely slow to start on Windows Add a file exclusion for youtube-dl.exe in Windows Defender settings. I m getting an error Unable to extract OpenGraph title on YouTube playlists YouTube changed their playlist format in March 2014 and later on, so you ll need at least youtube-dl 2014.07.25 to download all YouTube videos. If you have installed youtube-dl with a package manager, pip, setup.py or a tarball, please use that to update. Note that Ubuntu packages do not seem to get updated anymore. Since we are not affiliated with Ubuntu, there is little we can do. Feel free to report bugs to the Ubuntu packaging people - all they have to do is update the package to a somewhat recent version. See above for a way to update. I m getting an error when trying to use output template error using output template conflicts with using title, video ID or auto number Make sure you are not using -o with any of these options -t, --title, --id, -A or --auto-number set in command line or in a configuration file. Remove the latter if any. Do I always have to pass -citw? By default, youtube-dl intends to have the best options (incidentally, if you have a convincing case that these should be different, please file an issue where you explain that). Therefore, it is unnecessary and sometimes harmful to copy long option strings from webpages. In particular, the only option out of -citw that is regularly useful is -i. Can you please put the -b option back? Most people asking this question are not aware that youtube-dl now defaults to downloading the highest available quality as reported by YouTube, which will be 1080p or 720p in some cases, so you no longer need the -b option. For some specific videos, maybe YouTube does not report them to be available in a specific high quality format you re interested in. In that case, simply request it with the -f option and youtube-dl will try to download it. I get HTTP error 402 when trying to download a video. What s this? Apparently YouTube requires you to pass a CAPTCHA test if you download too much. We re considering to provide a way to let you solve the CAPTCHA, but at the moment, your best course of action is pointing a web browser to the youtube URL, solving the CAPTCHA, and restart youtube-dl. Do I need any other programs? youtube-dl works fine on its own on most sites. However, if you want to convert video/audio, you ll need avconv or ffmpeg. On some sites - most notably YouTube - videos can be retrieved in a higher quality format without sound. youtube-dl will detect whether avconv/ffmpeg is present and automatically pick the best option. Videos or video formats streamed via RTMP protocol can only be downloaded when rtmpdump is installed. Downloading MMS and RTSP videos requires either mplayer or mpv to be installed. I have downloaded a video but how can I play it? Once the video is fully downloaded, use any video player, such as mpv, vlc or mplayer. I extracted a video URL with -g, but it does not play on another machine / in my web browser. It depends a lot on the service. In many cases, requests for the video (to download/play it) must come from the same IP address and with the same cookies and/or HTTP headers. Use the --cookies option to write the required cookies into a file, and advise your downloader to read cookies from that file. Some sites also require a common user agent to be used, use --dump-user-agent to see the one in use by youtube-dl. You can also get necessary cookies and HTTP headers from JSON output obtained with --dump-json. It may be beneficial to use IPv6; in some cases, the restrictions are only applied to IPv4. Some services (sometimes only for a subset of videos) do not restrict the video URL by IP address, cookie, or user-agent, but these are the exception rather than the rule. Please bear in mind that some URL protocols are not supported by browsers out of the box, including RTMP. If you are using -g, your own downloader must support these as well. If you want to play the video on a machine that is not running youtube-dl, you can relay the video content from the machine that runs youtube-dl. You can use -o - to let youtube-dl stream a video to stdout, or simply allow the player to download the files written by youtube-dl in turn. ERROR no fmt_url_map or conn information found in video info YouTube has switched to a new video info format in July 2011 which is not supported by old versions of youtube-dl. See above for how to update youtube-dl. ERROR unable to download video YouTube requires an additional signature since September 2012 which is not supported by old versions of youtube-dl. See above for how to update youtube-dl. Video URL contains an ampersand and I m getting some strange output [1] 2839 or v is not recognized as an internal or external command That s actually the output from your shell. Since ampersand is one of the special shell characters it s interpreted by the shell preventing you from passing the whole URL to youtube-dl. To disable your shell from interpreting the ampersands (or any other special characters) you have to either put the whole URL in quotes or escape them with a backslash (which approach will work depends on your shell). For example if your URL is https //www.youtube.com/watch?t=4 v=BaW_jenozKc you should end up with following command youtube-dl https //www.youtube.com/watch?t=4 v=BaW_jenozKc or youtube-dl https //www.youtube.com/watch?t=4\ v=BaW_jenozKc For Windows you have to use the double quotes youtube-dl https //www.youtube.com/watch?t=4 v=BaW_jenozKc ExtractorError Could not find JS function u OF In February 2015, the new YouTube player contained a character sequence in a string that was misinterpreted by old versions of youtube-dl. See above for how to update youtube-dl. HTTP Error 429 Too Many Requests or 402 Payment Required These two error codes indicate that the service is blocking your IP address because of overuse. Usually this is a soft block meaning that you can gain access again after solving CAPTCHA. Just open a browser and solve a CAPTCHA the service suggests you and after that pass cookies to youtube-dl. Note that if your machine has multiple external IPs then you should also pass exactly the same IP you ve used for solving CAPTCHA with --source-address. Also you may need to pass a User-Agent HTTP header of your browser with --user-agent. If this is not the case (no CAPTCHA suggested to solve by the service) then you can contact the service and ask them to unblock your IP address, or - if you have acquired a whitelisted IP address already - use the --proxy or --source-address options to select another IP address. SyntaxError Non-ASCII character The error File youtube-dl , line 2 SyntaxError Non-ASCII character \x93 ... means you re using an outdated version of Python. Please update to Python 2.6 or 2.7. What is this binary file? Where has the code gone? Since June 2012 (#342) youtube-dl is packed as an executable zipfile, simply unzip it (might need renaming to youtube-dl.zip first on some systems) or clone the git repository, as laid out above. If you modify the code, you can run it by executing the __main__.py file. To recompile the executable, run make youtube-dl. The exe throws an error due to missing MSVCR100.dll To run the exe you need to install first the Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Redistributable Package (x86). On Windows, how should I set up ffmpeg and youtube-dl? Where should I put the exe files? If you put youtube-dl and ffmpeg in the same directory that you re running the command from, it will work, but that s rather cumbersome. To make a different directory work - either for ffmpeg, or for youtube-dl, or for both - simply create the directory (say, C \bin, or C \Users\ User name \bin), put all the executables directly in there, and then set your PATH environment variable to include that directory. From then on, after restarting your shell, you will be able to access both youtube-dl and ffmpeg (and youtube-dl will be able to find ffmpeg) by simply typing youtube-dl or ffmpeg, no matter what directory you re in. How do I put downloads into a specific folder? Use the -o to specify an output template, for example -o /home/user/videos/%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s . If you want this for all of your downloads, put the option into your configuration file. How do I download a video starting with a -? Either prepend https //www.youtube.com/watch?v= or separate the ID from the options with -- youtube-dl -- -wNyEUrxzFU youtube-dl https //www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wNyEUrxzFU How do I pass cookies to youtube-dl? Use the --cookies option, for example --cookies /path/to/cookies/file.txt. In order to extract cookies from browser use any conforming browser extension for exporting cookies. For example, cookies.txt (for Chrome) or cookies.txt (for Firefox). Note that the cookies file must be in Mozilla/Netscape format and the first line of the cookies file must be either # HTTP Cookie File or # Netscape HTTP Cookie File. Make sure you have correct newline format in the cookies file and convert newlines if necessary to correspond with your OS, namely CRLF (\r\n) for Windows and LF (\n) for Unix and Unix-like systems (Linux, macOS, etc.). HTTP Error 400 Bad Request when using --cookies is a good sign of invalid newline format. Passing cookies to youtube-dl is a good way to workaround login when a particular extractor does not implement it explicitly. Another use case is working around CAPTCHA some websites require you to solve in particular cases in order to get access (e.g. YouTube, CloudFlare). How do I stream directly to media player? You will first need to tell youtube-dl to stream media to stdout with -o -, and also tell your media player to read from stdin (it must be capable of this for streaming) and then pipe former to latter. For example, streaming to vlc can be achieved with youtube-dl -o - https //www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKcj | vlc - How do I download only new videos from a playlist? Use download-archive feature. With this feature you should initially download the complete playlist with --download-archive /path/to/download/archive/file.txt that will record identifiers of all the videos in a special file. Each subsequent run with the same --download-archive will download only new videos and skip all videos that have been downloaded before. Note that only successful downloads are recorded in the file. For example, at first, youtube-dl --download-archive archive.txt https //www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re will download the complete PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re playlist and create a file archive.txt. Each subsequent run will only download new videos if any youtube-dl --download-archive archive.txt https //www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re Should I add --hls-prefer-native into my config? When youtube-dl detects an HLS video, it can download it either with the built-in downloader or ffmpeg. Since many HLS streams are slightly invalid and ffmpeg/youtube-dl each handle some invalid cases better than the other, there is an option to switch the downloader if needed. When youtube-dl knows that one particular downloader works better for a given website, that downloader will be picked. Otherwise, youtube-dl will pick the best downloader for general compatibility, which at the moment happens to be ffmpeg. This choice may change in future versions of youtube-dl, with improvements of the built-in downloader and/or ffmpeg. In particular, the generic extractor (used when your website is not in the list of supported sites by youtube-dl cannot mandate one specific downloader. If you put either --hls-prefer-native or --hls-prefer-ffmpeg into your configuration, a different subset of videos will fail to download correctly. Instead, it is much better to file an issue or a pull request which details why the native or the ffmpeg HLS downloader is a better choice for your use case. Can you add support for this anime video site, or site which shows current movies for free? As a matter of policy (as well as legality), youtube-dl does not include support for services that specialize in infringing copyright. As a rule of thumb, if you cannot easily find a video that the service is quite obviously allowed to distribute (i.e. that has been uploaded by the creator, the creator s distributor, or is published under a free license), the service is probably unfit for inclusion to youtube-dl. A note on the service that they don t host the infringing content, but just link to those who do, is evidence that the service should not be included into youtube-dl. The same goes for any DMCA note when the whole front page of the service is filled with videos they are not allowed to distribute. A "fair use" note is equally unconvincing if the service shows copyright-protected videos in full without authorization. Support requests for services that do purchase the rights to distribute their content are perfectly fine though. If in doubt, you can simply include a source that mentions the legitimate purchase of content. How can I speed up work on my issue? (Also known as Help, my important issue not being solved!) The youtube-dl core developer team is quite small. While we do our best to solve as many issues as possible, sometimes that can take quite a while. To speed up your issue, here s what you can do First of all, please do report the issue at our issue tracker. That allows us to coordinate all efforts by users and developers, and serves as a unified point. Unfortunately, the youtube-dl project has grown too large to use personal email as an effective communication channel. Please read the bug reporting instructions below. A lot of bugs lack all the necessary information. If you can, offer proxy, VPN, or shell access to the youtube-dl developers. If you are able to, test the issue from multiple computers in multiple countries to exclude local censorship or misconfiguration issues. If nobody is interested in solving your issue, you are welcome to take matters into your own hands and submit a pull request (or coerce/pay somebody else to do so). Feel free to bump the issue from time to time by writing a small comment ("Issue is still present in youtube-dl version ...from France, but fixed from Belgium"), but please not more than once a month. Please do not declare your issue as important or urgent. How can I detect whether a given URL is supported by youtube-dl? For one, have a look at the list of supported sites. Note that it can sometimes happen that the site changes its URL scheme (say, from https //example.com/video/1234567 to https //example.com/v/1234567 ) and youtube-dl reports an URL of a service in that list as unsupported. In that case, simply report a bug. It is not possible to detect whether a URL is supported or not. That s because youtube-dl contains a generic extractor which matches all URLs. You may be tempted to disable, exclude, or remove the generic extractor, but the generic extractor not only allows users to extract videos from lots of websites that embed a video from another service, but may also be used to extract video from a service that it s hosting itself. Therefore, we neither recommend nor support disabling, excluding, or removing the generic extractor. If you want to find out whether a given URL is supported, simply call youtube-dl with it. If you get no videos back, chances are the URL is either not referring to a video or unsupported. You can find out which by examining the output (if you run youtube-dl on the console) or catching an UnsupportedError exception if you run it from a Python program. Why do I need to go through that much red tape when filing bugs? Before we had the issue template, despite our extensive bug reporting instructions, about 80% of the issue reports we got were useless, for instance because people used ancient versions hundreds of releases old, because of simple syntactic errors (not in youtube-dl but in general shell usage), because the problem was already reported multiple times before, because people did not actually read an error message, even if it said "please install ffmpeg", because people did not mention the URL they were trying to download and many more simple, easy-to-avoid problems, many of whom were totally unrelated to youtube-dl. youtube-dl is an open-source project manned by too few volunteers, so we d rather spend time fixing bugs where we are certain none of those simple problems apply, and where we can be reasonably confident to be able to reproduce the issue without asking the reporter repeatedly. As such, the output of youtube-dl -v YOUR_URL_HERE is really all that s required to file an issue. The issue template also guides you through some basic steps you can do, such as checking that your version of youtube-dl is current. DEVELOPER INSTRUCTIONS Most users do not need to build youtube-dl and can download the builds or get them from their distribution. To run youtube-dl as a developer, you don t need to build anything either. Simply execute python -m youtube_dl To run the test, simply invoke your favorite test runner, or execute a test file directly; any of the following work python -m unittest discover python test/test_download.py nosetests See item 6 of new extractor tutorial for how to run extractor specific test cases. If you want to create a build of youtube-dl yourself, you ll need python make (only GNU make is supported) pandoc zip nosetests Adding support for a new site If you want to add support for a new site, first of all make sure this site is not dedicated to copyright infringement. youtube-dl does not support such sites thus pull requests adding support for them will be rejected. After you have ensured this site is distributing its content legally, you can follow this quick list (assuming your service is called yourextractor) Fork this repository Check out the source code with git clone git@github.com YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME/youtube-dl.git Start a new git branch with cd youtube-dl git checkout -b yourextractor Start with this simple template and save it to youtube_dl/extractor/yourextractor.py # coding utf-8 from __future__ import unicode_literals from .common import InfoExtractor class YourExtractorIE(InfoExtractor) _VALID_URL = r https? //(? www\.)?yourextractor\.com/watch/(?P id [0-9]+) _TEST = { url https //yourextractor.com/watch/42 , md5 TODO md5 sum of the first 10241 bytes of the video file (use --test) , info_dict { id 42 , ext mp4 , title Video title goes here , thumbnail r re ^https? //.*\.jpg$ , # TODO more properties, either as # * A value # * MD5 checksum; start the string with md5 # * A regular expression; start the string with re # * Any Python type (for example int or float) } } def _real_extract(self, url) video_id = self._match_id(url) webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id) # TODO more code goes here, for example ... title = self._html_search_regex(r h1 (.+?) /h1 , webpage, title ) return { id video_id, title title, description self._og_search_description(webpage), uploader self._search_regex(r div[^ ]+id= uploader [^ ]* ([^ ]+) , webpage, uploader , fatal=False), # TODO more properties (see youtube_dl/extractor/common.py) } Add an import in youtube_dl/extractor/extractors.py. Run python test/test_download.py TestDownload.test_YourExtractor. This should fail at first, but you can continually re-run it until you re done. If you decide to add more than one test, then rename _TEST to _TESTS and make it into a list of dictionaries. The tests will then be named TestDownload.test_YourExtractor, TestDownload.test_YourExtractor_1, TestDownload.test_YourExtractor_2, etc. Note that tests with only_matching key in test s dict are not counted in. Have a look at youtube_dl/extractor/common.py for possible helper methods and a detailed description of what your extractor should and may return. Add tests and code for as many as you want. Make sure your code follows youtube-dl coding conventions and check the code with flake8 $ flake8 youtube_dl/extractor/yourextractor.py Make sure your code works under all Python versions claimed supported by youtube-dl, namely 2.6, 2.7, and 3.2+. When the tests pass, add the new files and commit them and push the result, like this $ git add youtube_dl/extractor/extractors.py $ git add youtube_dl/extractor/yourextractor.py $ git commit -m [yourextractor] Add new extractor $ git push origin yourextractor Finally, create a pull request. We ll then review and merge it. In any case, thank you very much for your contributions! youtube-dl coding conventions This section introduces a guide lines for writing idiomatic, robust and future-proof extractor code. Extractors are very fragile by nature since they depend on the layout of the source data provided by 3rd party media hosters out of your control and this layout tends to change. As an extractor implementer your task is not only to write code that will extract media links and metadata correctly but also to minimize dependency on the source s layout and even to make the code foresee potential future changes and be ready for that. This is important because it will allow the extractor not to break on minor layout changes thus keeping old youtube-dl versions working. Even though this breakage issue is easily fixed by emitting a new version of youtube-dl with a fix incorporated, all the previous versions become broken in all repositories and distros packages that may not be so prompt in fetching the update from us. Needless to say, some non rolling release distros may never receive an update at all. Mandatory and optional metafields For extraction to work youtube-dl relies on metadata your extractor extracts and provides to youtube-dl expressed by an information dictionary or simply info dict. Only the following meta fields in the info dict are considered mandatory for a successful extraction process by youtube-dl id (media identifier) title (media title) url (media download URL) or formats In fact only the last option is technically mandatory (i.e. if you can t figure out the download location of the media the extraction does not make any sense). But by convention youtube-dl also treats id and title as mandatory. Thus the aforementioned metafields are the critical data that the extraction does not make any sense without and if any of them fail to be extracted then the extractor is considered completely broken. Any field apart from the aforementioned ones are considered optional. That means that extraction should be tolerant to situations when sources for these fields can potentially be unavailable (even if they are always available at the moment) and future-proof in order not to break the extraction of general purpose mandatory fields. Example Say you have some source dictionary meta that you ve fetched as JSON with HTTP request and it has a key summary meta = self._download_json(url, video_id) Assume at this point meta s layout is { ... summary some fancy summary text , ... } Assume you want to extract summary and put it into the resulting info dict as description. Since description is an optional meta field you should be ready that this key may be missing from the meta dict, so that you should extract it like description = meta.get( summary ) # correct and not like description = meta[ summary ] # incorrect The latter will break extraction process with KeyError if summary disappears from meta at some later time but with the former approach extraction will just go ahead with description set to None which is perfectly fine (remember None is equivalent to the absence of data). Similarly, you should pass fatal=False when extracting optional data from a webpage with _search_regex, _html_search_regex or similar methods, for instance description = self._search_regex( r span[^ ]+id= title [^ ]* ([^ ]+) , webpage, description , fatal=False) With fatal set to False if _search_regex fails to extract description it will emit a warning and continue extraction. You can also pass default= some fallback value , for example description = self._search_regex( r span[^ ]+id= title [^ ]* ([^ ]+) , webpage, description , default=None) On failure this code will silently continue the extraction with description set to None. That is useful for metafields that may or may not be present. Provide fallbacks When extracting metadata try to do so from multiple sources. For example if title is present in several places, try extracting from at least some of them. This makes it more future-proof in case some of the sources become unavailable. Example Say meta from the previous example has a title and you are about to extract it. Since title is a mandatory meta field you should end up with something like title = meta[ title ] If title disappears from meta in future due to some changes on the hoster s side the extraction would fail since title is mandatory. That s expected. Assume that you have some another source you can extract title from, for example og title HTML meta of a webpage. In this case you can provide a fallback scenario title = meta.get( title ) or self._og_search_title(webpage) This code will try to extract from meta first and if it fails it will try extracting og title from a webpage. Regular expressions Don t capture groups you don t use Capturing group must be an indication that it s used somewhere in the code. Any group that is not used must be non capturing. Example Don t capture id attribute name here since you can t use it for anything anyway. Correct r (? id|ID)=(?P id \d+) Incorrect r (id|ID)=(?P id \d+) Make regular expressions relaxed and flexible When using regular expressions try to write them fuzzy, relaxed and flexible, skipping insignificant parts that are more likely to change, allowing both single and double quotes for quoted values and so on. Example Say you need to extract title from the following HTML code span style= position absolute; left 910px; width 90px; float right; z-index 9999; class= title some fancy title /span The code for that task should look similar to title = self._search_regex( r span[^ ]+class= title [^ ]* ([^ ]+) , webpage, title ) Or even better title = self._search_regex( r span[^ ]+class=([ \ ])title\1[^ ]* (?P title [^ ]+) , webpage, title , group= title ) Note how you tolerate potential changes in the style attribute s value or switch from using double quotes to single for class attribute The code definitely should not look like title = self._search_regex( r span style= position absolute; left 910px; width 90px; float right; z-index 9999; class= title (.*?) /span , webpage, title , group= title ) Long lines policy There is a soft limit to keep lines of code under 80 characters long. This means it should be respected if possible and if it does not make readability and code maintenance worse. For example, you should never split long string literals like URLs or some other often copied entities over multiple lines to fit this limit Correct https //www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqZTN594JQw list=PLMYEtVRpaqY00V9W81Cwmzp6N6vZqfUKD4 Incorrect https //www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqZTN594JQw list= PLMYEtVRpaqY00V9W81Cwmzp6N6vZqfUKD4 Inline values Extracting variables is acceptable for reducing code duplication and improving readability of complex expressions. However, you should avoid extracting variables used only once and moving them to opposite parts of the extractor file, which makes reading the linear flow difficult. Example Correct title = self._html_search_regex(r title ([^ ]+) /title , webpage, title ) Incorrect TITLE_RE = r title ([^ ]+) /title # ...some lines of code... title = self._html_search_regex(TITLE_RE, webpage, title ) Collapse fallbacks Multiple fallback values can quickly become unwieldy. Collapse multiple fallback values into a single expression via a list of patterns. Example Good description = self._html_search_meta( [ og description , description , twitter description ], webpage, description , default=None) Unwieldy description = ( self._og_search_description(webpage, default=None) or self._html_search_meta( description , webpage, default=None) or self._html_search_meta( twitter description , webpage, default=None)) Methods supporting list of patterns are _search_regex, _html_search_regex, _og_search_property, _html_search_meta. Trailing parentheses Always move trailing parentheses after the last argument. Example Correct lambda x x[ ResultSet ][ Result ][0][ VideoUrlSet ][ VideoUrl ], list) Incorrect lambda x x[ ResultSet ][ Result ][0][ VideoUrlSet ][ VideoUrl ], list, ) Use convenience conversion and parsing functions Wrap all extracted numeric data into safe functions from youtube_dl/utils.py int_or_none, float_or_none. Use them for string to number conversions as well. Use url_or_none for safe URL processing. Use try_get for safe metadata extraction from parsed JSON. Use unified_strdate for uniform upload_date or any YYYYMMDD meta field extraction, unified_timestamp for uniform timestamp extraction, parse_filesize for filesize extraction, parse_count for count meta fields extraction, parse_resolution, parse_duration for duration extraction, parse_age_limit for age_limit extraction. Explore youtube_dl/utils.py for more useful convenience functions. More examples Safely extract optional description from parsed JSON description = try_get(response, lambda x x[ result ][ video ][0][ summary ], compat_str) Safely extract more optional metadata video = try_get(response, lambda x x[ result ][ video ][0], dict) or {} description = video.get( summary ) duration = float_or_none(video.get( durationMs ), scale=1000) view_count = int_or_none(video.get( views )) EMBEDDING YOUTUBE-DL youtube-dl makes the best effort to be a good command-line program, and thus should be callable from any programming language. If you encounter any problems parsing its output, feel free to create a report. From a Python program, you can embed youtube-dl in a more powerful fashion, like this from __future__ import unicode_literals import youtube_dl ydl_opts = {} with youtube_dl.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl ydl.download([ https //www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc ]) Most likely, you ll want to use various options. For a list of options available, have a look at youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py. For a start, if you want to intercept youtube-dl s output, set a logger object. Here s a more complete example of a program that outputs only errors (and a short message after the download is finished), and downloads/converts the video to an mp3 file from __future__ import unicode_literals import youtube_dl class MyLogger(object) def debug(self, msg) pass def warning(self, msg) pass def error(self, msg) print(msg) def my_hook(d) if d[ status ] == finished print( Done downloading, now converting ... ) ydl_opts = { format bestaudio/best , postprocessors [{ key FFmpegExtractAudio , preferredcodec mp3 , preferredquality 192 , }], logger MyLogger(), progress_hooks [my_hook], } with youtube_dl.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl ydl.download([ https //www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc ]) BUGS Bugs and suggestions should be reported at https //github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues. Unless you were prompted to or there is another pertinent reason (e.g. GitHub fails to accept the bug report), please do not send bug reports via personal email. For discussions, join us in the IRC channel #youtube-dl on freenode (webchat). Please include the full output of youtube-dl when run with -v, i.e. add -v flag to your command line, copy the whole output and post it in the issue body wrapped in ``` for better formatting. It should look similar to this $ youtube-dl -v your command line [debug] System config [] [debug] User config [] [debug] Command-line args [u -v , u https //www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKcj ] [debug] Encodings locale cp1251, fs mbcs, out cp866, pref cp1251 [debug] youtube-dl version 2015.12.06 [debug] Git HEAD 135392e [debug] Python version 2.6.6 - Windows-2003Server-5.2.3790-SP2 [debug] exe versions ffmpeg N-75573-g1d0487f, ffprobe N-75573-g1d0487f, rtmpdump 2.4 [debug] Proxy map {} ... Do not post screenshots of verbose logs; only plain text is acceptable. The output (including the first lines) contains important debugging information. Issues without the full output are often not reproducible and therefore do not get solved in short order, if ever. Please re-read your issue once again to avoid a couple of common mistakes (you can and should use this as a checklist) Is the description of the issue itself sufficient? We often get issue reports that we cannot really decipher. While in most cases we eventually get the required information after asking back multiple times, this poses an unnecessary drain on our resources. Many contributors, including myself, are also not native speakers, so we may misread some parts. So please elaborate on what feature you are requesting, or what bug you want to be fixed. Make sure that it s obvious What the problem is How it could be fixed How your proposed solution would look like If your report is shorter than two lines, it is almost certainly missing some of these, which makes it hard for us to respond to it. We re often too polite to close the issue outright, but the missing info makes misinterpretation likely. As a committer myself, I often get frustrated by these issues, since the only possible way for me to move forward on them is to ask for clarification over and over. For bug reports, this means that your report should contain the complete output of youtube-dl when called with the -v flag. The error message you get for (most) bugs even says so, but you would not believe how many of our bug reports do not contain this information. If your server has multiple IPs or you suspect censorship, adding --call-home may be a good idea to get more diagnostics. If the error is ERROR Unable to extract ... and you cannot reproduce it from multiple countries, add --dump-pages (warning this will yield a rather large output, redirect it to the file log.txt by adding log.txt 2 1 to your command-line) or upload the .dump files you get when you add --write-pages somewhere. Site support requests must contain an example URL. An example URL is a URL you might want to download, like https //www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc. There should be an obvious video present. Except under very special circumstances, the main page of a video service (e.g. https //www.youtube.com/) is not an example URL. Are you using the latest version? Before reporting any issue, type youtube-dl -U. This should report that you re up-to-date. About 20% of the reports we receive are already fixed, but people are using outdated versions. This goes for feature requests as well. Is the issue already documented? Make sure that someone has not already opened the issue you re trying to open. Search at the top of the window or browse the GitHub Issues of this repository. If there is an issue, feel free to write something along the lines of "This affects me as well, with version 2015.01.01. Here is some more information on the issue ...". While some issues may be old, a new post into them often spurs rapid activity. Why are existing options not enough? Before requesting a new feature, please have a quick peek at the list of supported options. Many feature requests are for features that actually exist already! Please, absolutely do show off your work in the issue report and detail how the existing similar options do not solve your problem. Is there enough context in your bug report? People want to solve problems, and often think they do us a favor by breaking down their larger problems (e.g. wanting to skip already downloaded files) to a specific request (e.g. requesting us to look whether the file exists before downloading the info page). However, what often happens is that they break down the problem into two steps One simple, and one impossible (or extremely complicated one). We are then presented with a very complicated request when the original problem could be solved far easier, e.g. by recording the downloaded video IDs in a separate file. To avoid this, you must include the greater context where it is non-obvious. In particular, every feature request that does not consist of adding support for a new site should contain a use case scenario that explains in what situation the missing feature would be useful. Does the issue involve one problem, and one problem only? Some of our users seem to think there is a limit of issues they can or should open. There is no limit of issues they can or should open. While it may seem appealing to be able to dump all your issues into one ticket, that means that someone who solves one of your issues cannot mark the issue as closed. Typically, reporting a bunch of issues leads to the ticket lingering since nobody wants to attack that behemoth, until someone mercifully splits the issue into multiple ones. In particular, every site support request issue should only pertain to services at one site (generally under a common domain, but always using the same backend technology). Do not request support for vimeo user videos, White house podcasts, and Google Plus pages in the same issue. Also, make sure that you don t post bug reports alongside feature requests. As a rule of thumb, a feature request does not include outputs of youtube-dl that are not immediately related to the feature at hand. Do not post reports of a network error alongside the request for a new video service. Is anyone going to need the feature? Only post features that you (or an incapacitated friend you can personally talk to) require. Do not post features because they seem like a good idea. If they are really useful, they will be requested by someone who requires them. Is your question about youtube-dl? It may sound strange, but some bug reports we receive are completely unrelated to youtube-dl and relate to a different, or even the reporter s own, application. Please make sure that you are actually using youtube-dl. If you are using a UI for youtube-dl, report the bug to the maintainer of the actual application providing the UI. On the other hand, if your UI for youtube-dl fails in some way you believe is related to youtube-dl, by all means, go ahead and report the bug. COPYRIGHT youtube-dl is released into the public domain by the copyright holders. This README file was originally written by Daniel Bolton and is likewise released into the public domain.
https://w.atwiki.jp/pianissimo/pages/26.html
MedConの使い方 インストール MedCon website このサイトで、左のコラムにあるDownloadを選択し、win32 versionをDLすればよい。 2009/12/30現在、xmedcon-0.10.5-1-win32.zipというファイルが取得される。 解凍して、setup.exeを実行する。 インストール後に表示されるreadme.txtの要点は、command lineで実行したいなら、\bin\ディレクトリにある実行ファイルにパスを通しておくこと。絶対パスでいうと、 C \Program Files\XMedCon\bin である。 コマンドラインでの使用 そのパスで、medcon.exe -hを実行すると、下記のヘルプファイルが手に入る。 全文は最後に載せるとして、基本的な使い方を書いておきたい。 まず、もっとも単純な使い方は、ヘッダ内容の確認である。 例 medcon -f aaaaaa.v aaaaaa.vというecat7ファイルを開いて、そのヘッダを表示する。 dicomヘッダも表示できるのでなかなかよい。 むしろ、MedConの主な使用目的は、ファイルのコンバートであろう。 例 medcon -c dicom -f *.v ワイルドカードで指定した".v"で終わるファイルをすべて、DICOM形式に変換する。 DICOMは1ボリューム1ファイルなので、いつもの感覚と違うが、スライス数は、(0054,0081) US[1] NumberOfSlices 63 (2 bytes)のタグに入っているようだ。 いつもの1スライス1ファイルにするには、オプションで指定してやればよい。 例 medcon -c dicom -split3d -f *.v 出力形式には以下のものが選べる。 "ascii" = Raw Ascii (.asc) "bin" = Raw Binary (.bin) "acr" = Acr/Nema (.ima) "anlz" = Analyze (.hdr)+(.img) "conc" = Concorde/uPET (.img.hdr) "dicom" = DICOM (.dcm) "ecat6" = CTI ECAT 6 (.img) "ecat7" = CTI ECAT 7 (.v) "gif" = Gif89a (.gif) "intf" = InterFile (.h33)+(.i33) "inw" = INW (RUG) (.im) "nifti" = NIfTI (.nii) "png" = PNG (.png) pngを選択すると、全スライスがpng形式のモノクロ（黒→白）画像で出力される。 ヘルプファイル全文 Usage medcon [options] -f files ... Flags -f, --file, --files file or list of files to handle General [-i -e -r -w] [-p -pa|-c format ...] [-o basename ] -e, --extract extract images from file -i, --interactive read files after user input -o, --output-name output name set from command-line -p, --print-values print values of specified pixels -pa, --print-all-values print all values without asking -r, --rename-file rename file after user input -w, --overwrite-files always overwrite files -c, --convert give list of conversion " format " strings "ascii" = Raw Ascii (.asc) "bin" = Raw Binary (.bin) "acr" = Acr/Nema (.ima) "anlz" = Analyze (.hdr)+(.img) "conc" = Concorde/uPET (.img.hdr) "dicom" = DICOM (.dcm) "ecat6" = CTI ECAT 6 (.img) "ecat7" = CTI ECAT 7 (.v) "gif" = Gif89a (.gif) "intf" = InterFile (.h33)+(.i33) "inw" = INW (RUG) (.im) "nifti" = NIfTI (.nii) "png" = PNG (.png) Pixels [-n] [-nf] [-qs|-qc|-q] [-b8|-b16[.12]] [-big|little] [-si= slope intercept ] [-cw= centre width ] -n, --negatives enable negative pixels -nf, --norm-over-frames normalize values over each frames -q, --quantitation quantitation using all factors (-qc) -qs, --quantification quantification (use one scale factor ) -qc, --calibration calibration (use two scale factors) -b8, --unsigned-char write unsigned char pixels (8 bits) -b16, --signed-short write signed short integers (16 bits) -b16.12 write unsigned shorts, only 12 bits used -big, --big-endian write files in big endian -little, --little-endian write files in little endian -si force slope/intercept rescaling -cw force specified contrast remapping Fallback Read Format [-fb-none|-fb-anlz|-fb-conc|-fb-ecat|fb-dicom] -fb-none, --without-fallback fallback disabled -fb-anlz, --fallback-analyze fallback on Analyze (SPM) -fb-conc, --fallback-concorde fallback on Concorde uPET -fb-ecat, --fallback-ecat fallback on ECAT 6.4 -fb-dicom, --fallback-dicom fallback on DICOM 3.0 Slices Transform [-fh -fv] [-rs -cs -cu] [-sqr | -sqr2] [-crop= X Y W H ] [-pad | -padtl | -padbr] -fh, --flip-horizontal flip images horizontally (along x-axis) -fv, --flip-vertical flip images vertically (along y-axis) -sqr, --make-square make square images (lagest dimension) -sqr2, --make-square-two make square images (nearest power) -crop, --crop-images crop image dimensions -rs, --reverse-slices reverse slices sequence -cs, --cine-sorting apply cine sorting -cu, --cine-undo undo cine sorting -pad, --pad-around padding symmetrical around image -padtl, --pad-top-left padding before first row and column -padbr, --pad-bottom-right padding after last row and column (default) Color Remap [-24 | -8 [-g -dith -mh|-mr|-mi|-mc|-lut file ]] -24, --true-color color mode of 24 bits RGB triplets -8, --indexed-color color mode of 8 bits indexed colormap -dith, --dither-color apply dithering on color reduction -g, --make-gray remap images to grayscale -mh, --map-hotmetal load colormap hotmetal -mr, --map-rainbow load colormap rainbow -mi, --map-inverted load colormap gray inverted -mc, --map-combined load colormap combined (gray/rainbow) -lut, --load-lut load specified LUT colormap Extras [-alias -noprefix -preacq -preser -uin] [[-splits | -splitf] | [-stacks | -stackf]] -alias, --alias-naming output name based on patient/study id s -noprefix, --without-prefix output name without default prefix -preacq, --prefix-acquisition use acquisition number as filename prefix -preser, --prefix-series use series number as filename prefix -uin, --use-institution-name override default name of institution -split3d, --split-slices split single image slices in separate files -split4d, --split-frames split volume time frames in separate files -stack3d, --stack-slices stack single image slices into one 3D file -stack4d, --stack-frames stack volume time frames into one 4D file Format Ecat/Matrix [-byframe] -byframe, --sort-by-frame sort ECAT images by frame (not anatomical) Format Analyze [-spm -optspm] -spm, --analyze-spm use analyze format for SPM software -optspm, --options-spm ask for SPM related options Format DICOM a) general [-cw= center width ] [-contrast] [-gap] [-implicit] [-nometa] -contrast, --enable-contrast enable support for contrast changes -gap, --spacing-true-gap slice spacing is true gap or overlap -implicit, --write-implicit output file as implicit little endian -nometa, --write-without-meta output file without (part 10) meta header -cw force window center/width contrast b) mosaic [-mosaic | -fmosaic= W x H x N [-interl] [-mfixv]] -mosaic, --enable-mosaic enable mosaic by "detected" stamps layout -fmosaic, --force-mosaic force mosaic by predefined stamps layout -mfixv, --mosaic-fix-voxel rescale voxel sizes by mosaic factor -interl, --mosaic-interlaced consider mosaic stamp slices as interlaced Format Gif89a [-optgif] -optgif, --options-gif ask for GIF related options Format InterFile [-skip1 -nopath -one] -skip1, --skip-preview-slice skip first preview slice -nopath, --ignore-path ignore path in name of data file key -one, --single-file write header and image to same file Patient/Slice/Study [-anon|-ident] [-vifi] -anon, --anonymous make patient/study anonymous -ident, --identify ask for patient/study information -vifi, --edit-fileinfo edit internal entries (images/slice/origent) Reslicing [-tra|-sag|-cor] -tra, --tranverse reslice images transverse -sag, --sagittal reslice images sagittal -cor, --coronal reslice images coronal Debug/Mode [-d -v -db -hackacr -ean] -d, --debug give debug information (printout FI) -s, --silent force silent mode, suppress all messages -v, --verbose run in verbose mode -db, --database print database info -ean, --echo-alias-name echo alias name on screen -hackacr, --hack-acrtags try to locate and interpret acr tags in file