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html title dinamic filter /title body body bgcolor="rosybrown" /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config br IPTABLES_MODULES="ip_conntrack_ftp" br pre NEWがないと一切の通信がダメ。ポートが開かない。NEWだけは特別なのだ アプリI/OSADAPROTSPDPCONN.STAT FTPOUT自分FTP鯖TCPー２１NEW（一番最初のステータスですよ）、ESTABLISHED コマンドチャンネル？ FTPINFTP鯖自分TCP２１ーESTABLISHED（全部ACKがついてますから？） コマンドチャンネル？ ポート番号２１ってFTPの制御用のポートだよね 何番のポートと何番のポートで通信しますよでRELATED（関係のある）通信になる ↓データチャンネル FTPOUT自分FTP鯖TCPーーRELATED、ESTABLISHED FTPINFTP鯖自分TCPーーESTABLISHED font size=5 color=darkblue b iptables追加ftpパッシブモードクライアントルール /b /font #dinamicfilter ftp comand-ch -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --sport 21 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT #dinamicfilter ftp date-ch -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -m helper --helper ftp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -m helper --helper ftp -j ACCEPT -m state 接続状態の指定 接続状態にはNEW、INVALID、ESTABLISHED、RELATEDが指定できる -m helper unknown -A 指定したチェインにルールを追加する -F -Aとは逆でチェインの内容を削除する font size=5 color=darkblue b 検証 /b /font [root@neteng18 ~]# [root@neteng18 ~]# ftp 192.168.128.1 Connected to 192.168.128.1. 220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5) 530 Please login with USER and PASS. 530 Please login with USER and PASS. KERBEROS_V4 rejected as an authentication type Name (192.168.128.1 root) neteng18 331 Please specify the password. Password 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp ascii 200 Switching to ASCII mode. ftp get welcome local welcome remote welcome 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,128,1,115,140) 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for welcome (24 bytes). WARNING! 2 bare linefeeds received in ASCII mode File may not have transferred correctly. 226 File send OK. 24 bytes received in 0.00013 seconds (1.9e+02 Kbytes/s) ftp quit 221 Goodbye. [root@neteng18 ~]# cat /proc/net/ip_conntrack tcp 6 112 TIME_WAIT src=192.168.128.212 dst=192.168.128.1 sport=45107 dport=29580 packets=4 bytes=216 src=192.168.128.1 dst=192.168.128.212 sport=29580 dport=45107 packets=4 bytes=240 [ASSURED] mark=0 secmark=0 use=1 tcp 6 117 TIME_WAIT src=192.168.128.212 dst=192.168.128.1 sport=54614 dport=21 packets=21 bytes=1201 src=192.168.128.1 dst=192.168.128.212 sport=21 dport=54614 packets=15 bytes=1139 [ASSURED] mark=0 secmark=0 use=2 [root@neteng18 ~]# cat welcome Welcome to ftp server! b font size=4 color=darkblue ノーマルモード /font /b FTP上でpassiveと打つとON/OFFを切り替えることができる パッシブモードの設定だとコマンドをやっても通信ができないのですよう ー私案ー 合意はもうできている上で 要はノーマルということはFTP鯖からの２０番ポートからのTCPデータを受信できればよいだから アプリI/OSADAProtSPDPState FTPINFTP鯖自分TCP２０ーRELATED,ESTABLISHED FTPOUT自分FTP鯖TCPー２０ESTABLISHED FTPクライアントの設定ノーマルデータCHを送受信するにはこれだけで良い #dinamicfilter ftp date-ch -A INPUT -p tcp --sport 20 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -m helper --helper ftp -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 20 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -m helper --helper ftp -j ACCEPT font size=5 color=darkblue b 検証 /b /font [root@neteng18 ~]# ftp 192.168.128.1 Connected to 192.168.128.1. 220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5) 530 Please login with USER and PASS. 530 Please login with USER and PASS. KERBEROS_V4 rejected as an authentication type Name (192.168.128.1 root) neteng18 331 Please specify the password. Password 530 Login incorrect. Login failed. ftp quit 221 Goodbye. [root@neteng18 ~]# ftp 192.168.128.1 Connected to 192.168.128.1. 220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5) 530 Please login with USER and PASS. 530 Please login with USER and PASS. KERBEROS_V4 rejected as an authentication type Name (192.168.128.1 root) neteng18 331 Please specify the password. Password 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp passive Passive mode off. ftp ls 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Here comes the directory listing. -rw-r--r-- 1 518 500 24 Feb 25 02 34 welcome 226 Directory send OK. ftp get welcome local welcome remote welcome 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for welcome (24 bytes). 226 File send OK. 24 bytes received in 8.6e-05 seconds (2.7e+02 Kbytes/s) ftp quit 221 Goodbye. [root@neteng18 ~]# cat /proc/net/ip_conntrack tcp 6 96 TIME_WAIT src=192.168.128.1 dst=192.168.128.212 sport=20 dport=35862 packets=5 bytes=333 src=192.168.128.212 dst=192.168.128.1 sport=35862 dport=20 packets=3 bytes=164 [ASSURED] mark=0 secmark=0 use=1 tcp 6 79 TIME_WAIT src=192.168.128.212 dst=192.168.128.1 sport=35714 dport=21 packets=16 bytes=911 src=192.168.128.1 dst=192.168.128.212 sport=21 dport=35714 packets=13 bytes=888 [ASSURED] mark=0 secmark=0 use=1 tcp 6 112 TIME_WAIT src=192.168.128.212 dst=192.168.128.1 sport=35715 dport=21 packets=23 bytes=1364 src=192.168.128.1 dst=192.168.128.212 sport=21 dport=35715 packets=18 bytes=1410 [ASSURED] mark=0 secmark=0 use=3 tcp 6 107 TIME_WAIT src=192.168.128.1 dst=192.168.128.212 sport=20 dport=60047 packets=5 bytes=292 src=192.168.128.212 dst=192.168.128.1 sport=60047 dport=20 packets=3 bytes=164 [ASSURED] mark=0 secmark=0 use=1 [root@neteng18 ~]# a href="index.html" 戻る /a /body /html
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French Revolution in San Domingo Noontide Pr? Lothrop L. Stoddard? NoontidePr? LothropL.Stoddard? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 St. James's Place Tax Guide Palgrave Macmillan? W.I. Sinclair? Sir Mark Weinberg? PalgraveMacmillan? W.I.Sinclair? SirMarkWeinberg? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Subjects-Business&Investing-Industries&Professions-Accounting-Taxes-TaxLaw? Subjects-Business&Investing-PersonalFinance? Subjects-Law-Business-Taxation? Subjects-Nonfiction-Law-Business-Taxation? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Accounting&Finance-Industries&Professions-Accounting-Taxes-TaxLaw? St.James's Place Tax Guide Palgrave Macmillan? Walter Sinclair? Sir Mark Weinberg? PalgraveMacmillan? WalterSinclair? SirMarkWeinberg? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Subjects-Business&Investing-Industries&Professions-Accounting-Taxes-TaxLaw? Subjects-Business&Investing-PersonalFinance? Subjects-Law-Business-Taxation? Subjects-Nonfiction-Law-Business-Taxation? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Accounting&Finance-Industries&Professions-Accounting-Taxes-TaxLaw? Exile Armies Palgrave Macmillan? Matthew Bennett? Paul C. Latawski? PalgraveMacmillan? MatthewBennett? PaulC.Latawski? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Subjects-History-Military-General? Subjects-History-MilitaryScience? Subjects-Nonfiction-Politics-General? Subjects-Nonfiction-Politics-International-Relations? Subjects-Nonfiction-Politics-International-Security? Feminist Political Theory An Introduction Palgrave Macmillan? Valerie Bryson? PalgraveMacmillan? ValerieBryson? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Subjects-History-Europe-England-General? Subjects-Nonfiction-Politics-History&Theory? Subjects-Nonfiction-SocialSciences-Sociology-General? Subjects-Nonfiction-SocialSciences-PoliticalScience-General? Subjects-Nonfiction-Women sStudies-FeministTheory? Problem Based Learning Palgrave Macmillan? Kay Wilkie? Iain Burns? PalgraveMacmillan? KayWilkie? IainBurns? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Subjects-Medicine-Nursing? Subjects-Nonfiction-Education-StudySkills? Subjects-Science-Medicine-Nursing? Shiny Garage (Shiny Garage) Macmillan Children s Books? Bettina Paterson? MacmillanChildren sBooks? BettinaPaterson? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Subjects-Children sBooks-Science,Nature&HowItWorks-Transportation-General? Subjects-Children sBooks-Sports&Activities-ActivityBooks-Cut&Assemble? The Law and Social Work Palgrave Macmillan? Lesley-Ann Cull? Jeremy Roche? PalgraveMacmillan? Lesley-AnnCull? JeremyRoche? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Subjects-Law-EnglishLaw-SocialSecurity&Welfare? Subjects-Nonfiction-SocialSciences-SocialWork? Subjects-Nonfiction-Law-EnglishLaw-SocialSecurity&Welfare? E-shock the New Rules Palgrave Macmillan? Michael De Kare-Silver? PalgraveMacmillan? MichaelDeKare-Silver? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Subjects-Business&Investing-Industries&Professions-Retailing? Subjects-Computers&Internet-Home&Office-Internet? The People's Game Football, Finance, and Society Palgrave Macmillan? Stephen Morrow? PalgraveMacmillan? StephenMorrow? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Subjects-Business&Investing-Industries&Professions-Sports&Entertainment? Subjects-Business&Investing-International-General? Subjects-Nonfiction-SocialSciences-Sociology? Subjects-Sports-Soccer-General? Subjects-Sports-General? Public Health in Practice Palgrave Macmillan? Andrew Watterson? PalgraveMacmillan? AndrewWatterson? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Subjects-Medicine-Administration&Policy-PublicHealth? Subjects-Nonfiction-SocialSciences-PoliticalScience-LevelsofGovernment-FederalGovernment? Subjects-Nonfiction-CurrentEvents-Poverty-SocialServices&Welfare? Subjects-Science-Medicine-Administration&Policy-PublicHealth? Reshaping The British Constitution Essays In Political Interpretation Palgrave Macmillan? Nevil Johnson? PalgraveMacmillan? NevilJohnson? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Subjects-History-Europe-England-General? Subjects-Law-One-L-ConstitutionalLaw? Subjects-Nonfiction-Politics-General? Subjects-Nonfiction-SocialSciences-PoliticalScience-General? Subjects-Nonfiction-Government-Constitutions? Subjects-Nonfiction-Law-One-L-ConstitutionalLaw? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Law-ConstitutionalLaw-General? Reshaping The British Constitution Essays In Political Interpretation Palgrave Macmillan? Nevil Johnson? PalgraveMacmillan? NevilJohnson? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Subjects-History-Europe-England-General? Subjects-Law-One-L-ConstitutionalLaw? Subjects-Nonfiction-Politics-General? Subjects-Nonfiction-SocialSciences-PoliticalScience-General? Subjects-Nonfiction-Government-Constitutions? Subjects-Nonfiction-Law-One-L-ConstitutionalLaw? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Law-ConstitutionalLaw-General? The Bahamas Portrait of an Archipelago MacMillan Caribbean? Larry Smith? Michael A. Toogood? MacMillanCaribbean? LarrySmith? MichaelA.Toogood? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Subjects-Arts&Photography-Photography-Collections,Catalogues&Exhibitions? Subjects-Arts&Photography-Photography-Travel-CentralAmerica? Subjects-Travel-Caribbean-Bahamas? Subjects-Travel-Caribbean-General? Subjects-Travel-Reference&Tips? Why Nations Go to War Palgrave Macmillan? John G. Stoessinger? PalgraveMacmillan? JohnG.Stoessinger? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Subjects-Nonfiction-Politics-International-Relations? Subjects-Nonfiction-SocialSciences-PoliticalScience-General? America and the World, 1898-2025 Palgrave Macmillan? Walter C. Clemens? PalgraveMacmillan? WalterC.Clemens? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Subjects-Nonfiction-Politics-International-Relations? Subjects-Nonfiction-SocialSciences-PoliticalScience-General? Subjects-Nonfiction-SocialSciences-PoliticalScience-Leaders&Leadership? Subjects-Nonfiction-Government-FederalGovernment? Activists Speak Out Palgrave Macmillan? Marie Cieri? Claire Peeps? PalgraveMacmillan? MarieCieri? 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Subjects-Nonfiction-Economics-Development&Growth? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Accounting&Finance-Economics-Development&Growth? Here Comes Super Bus 1 Macmillan ELT? Maria Jose Lobo? Pepita Subira? MacmillanELT? MariaJoseLobo? PepitaSubira? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Subjects-Nonfiction-Education-LanguageInstruction-Instruction-EnglishasaForeignLanguage-BooksonCassette? Subjects-Reference-ForeignLanguages-Instruction-EnglishasaForeignLanguage-BooksonCassette? Formats-Audiocassettes-Languages-EnglishasaForeignLanguage? Formats-Audiocassettes-General? Skyline (Skyline) Macmillan ELT? Kate Fuscoe? MacmillanELT? KateFuscoe? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Subjects-Nonfiction-Education-LanguageInstruction-Instruction-EnglishasaForeignLanguage-EnglishLanguageTeaching-General? Subjects-Reference-ForeignLanguages-Instruction-EnglishasaForeignLanguage-EnglishLanguageTeaching-General? Imagining the Holocaust Palgrave Macmillan? Daniel R. Schwarz? PalgraveMacmillan? 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Subjects-Business&Investing-International-General? Subjects-Business&Investing-Management&Leadership-Management? Subjects-Professional&Technical-BusinessManagement-OrganizationalBehavior? Subjects-Professional&Technical-BusinessManagement-Management&Leadership-Management? The White Man's Bible Noontide Pr? Ben Klassen? NoontidePr? BenKlassen? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Noah's Ark Macmillan Children s Books? Jo Lodge? MacmillanChildren sBooks? JoLodge? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Subjects-Children sBooks-Baby-3-BoardBooks? Subjects-Children sBooks-Sports&Activities-ActivityBooks-Cut&Assemble? Subjects-Children sBooks-Religions-Christianity-Bible-Stories? Subjects-Religion&Spirituality-Christianity-Bibles-General? Environmental Science in Building (Building Surveying) Palgrave Macmillan? Randall McMullan? PalgraveMacmillan? RandallMcMullan? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Subjects-Engineering-Civil-Construction-BuildingConstruction? Subjects-Engineering-Civil-Environmental-General Subjects-Outdoors&Nature-Environment-EnvironmentalScience Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Civil-Construction-BuildingConstruction? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Civil-Environmental-General Subjects-Science-EarthSciences-EnvironmentalScience Subjects-Science-General Ethics and Values in Social Work (British Association of Social Workers (BASW) Practical Social Work) Palgrave Macmillan? Sarah Banks? PalgraveMacmillan? SarahBanks? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Subjects-Nonfiction-Philosophy-Ethics&Morality? Subjects-Nonfiction-SocialSciences-SocialWork? Subjects-Nonfiction-SocialSciences-PoliticalScience-LevelsofGovernment-FederalGovernment? Subjects-Nonfiction-CurrentEvents-Poverty-SocialServices&Welfare? Muddle Earth Macmillan Children s Books? Paul Stewart? et al? Chris Riddell? MacmillanChildren sBooks? PaulStewart? etal? ChrisRiddell? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Subjects-Children sBooks-Ages9-12-Series-Fantasy&Adventure-EdgeChronicles? Subjects-Children sBooks-Literature-ScienceFiction,Fantasy,Mystery&Horror-ScienceFiction,Fantasy,&Magic? Company Law (Palgrave Law Masters) Palgrave Macmillan? Janet Dine? PalgraveMacmillan? JanetDine? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 Subjects-Law-EnglishLaw-Commercial? Subjects-Nonfiction-Law-EnglishLaw-Commercial? Substores-UnknownASINs-8 洋書
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Grimm's Fairy Tales (Classic Literature With Classical Music. Junior Classics) Naxos Audio Books?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmLaura Paton? The Bremen Town Musicians Minieditions?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmLisbeth Zwerger? More Tales from Grimm (Fesler-Lampert Minnesota Heritage) Univ of Minnesota Pr?Wanda Gag?Wilhelm GrimmJacob Grimm Grimm's Fairy Tales (Wordsworth Collection) Wordsworth Editions Ltd?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm The Complete Grimm's Fairy Tales (Pantheon Fairy Tale and Folklore Library) Random House Inc (P)?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmJosef Scharl? Dear Mili Trophy Pr?Wilhelm GrimmMaurice Sendak?Ralph Manheim? Snow-White and the Seven Dwarfs (Sunburst Book) Farrar Straus & Giroux (J)?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmNancy Buckert?Randall Jarrell? Brothers Grimm The Complete Fairy Tales (Wordsworth Classics) Wordsworth Editions Ltd?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm The Bremen-Town Musicians (Easy-to-Read Folktales) Scholastic Trade?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmRuth Belov Gross? The Frog Prince Walker Books Ltd?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Fairy Tales (Everyman's Library Children's Classics) Everyman s Library?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmFairy Tale And Folklore?Arthur Rackham? The Elves and the Shoemaker Chronicle Books Llc (Juv)?Jim LamarcheWilhelm GrimmJacob Grimm King Grisly-beard Bodley Head Children s Books?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmMaurice Sendak?E. Taylor? Hansel Gretel Philomel Books?Will Moses?Wilhelm GrimmJacob Grimm Barbie in the 12 Dancing Princesses (Step Into Reading. Step 2) Random House Childrens Books?Tennant Redbank?Cliff Ruby?Elana Lesser?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Hansel and Gretel Walker Books Ltd?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmAnthony Browne? Little Red Riding Hood Holiday House?Trina Schart Hyman?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm The Bremen Town Musicians A Tale North South Books?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmBernadette Watts?Anthea Bell? The Golden Goose Farrar Straus & Giroux (J)?Uri Shulevitz?Wilhelm GrimmJacob Grimm Aschenputtel. CD . Hoerspiel fuer Kinder Audio Verlag Der GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Diary of Hansel and Gretel Little Simon?Kees Moerbeek?Moerbeek Kees?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Briefwechsel der Brueder Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm 1/1 Hirzel S. Verlag? Das Grimmsche Woerterbuch. Untersuchungen zur lexikographischen Methodologie Hirzel S. Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Briefwechsel der Brueder Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm 3. Briefwechsel der Brueder Grimm mit Gustav Hugo Hirzel S. Verlag? Schneeweisschen und Rosenrot Ellermann Heinrich Verla?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmLilo Fromm? Schneewittchen Freies Geistesleben GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmElisabeth Wagner-Koch? Maerchen der Brueder Grimm Loewe Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Schneeweisschen und Rosenrot. Ein Maerchen der Brueder Grimm Freies Geistesleben GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmAngela Koconda? Der goldene Vogel Ellermann Heinrich Verla?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmLilo Fromm? Von dem Machandelboom. Ein niederdeutsches Maerchen Freies Geistesleben GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmChristiane Lesch? Das blaue Licht. ( Ab 6 J.) Freies Geistesleben GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmChristiane Lesch? Grimms Maerchen Ehapa Comic Collection?Wilhelm GrimmJacob Grimm Grimms Maerchen Loewe Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Der gestiefelte Kater. Ein Pop-up- Buch Xenos Verlagsgesellschaft?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Das grosse Buch der Ideen fuer den Garten. Selbst ist der Mann Pabel-Moewig Verlag Kg?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Die besten Maerchen der Gebrueder Grimm. Kinderschatz Gondrom Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Selbst ist der Mann. Das grosse Buch vom Holzbau Pabel-Moewig Verlag Kg?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Selbst ist der Mann. Das grosse Buch vom Hausbau Pabel-Moewig Verlag Kg?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Mein liebstes Maerchenbuch Parabel Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Die schoensten Maerchen der Brueder Grimm. / CD Pabel-Moewig Verlag Kg?Wilhelm GrimmJakob Grimm? Rotkaeppchen. Ein Pop-up- Buch Xenos Verlagsgesellschaft?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Aschenputtel. Ein Pop-up- Buch Xenos Verlagsgesellschaft?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Kinder- und Hausmaerchen Gondrom Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Mein goldner Maerchenschatz. Bilderbuch Favorit Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmHans Christian AndersenWilhelm Hauff?Theodor Fontane? Frau Holle. Ein Drehbilderbuch Urachhaus/Geistesleben?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Rumpelstilzchen. Ein Drehbilderbuch Urachhaus/Geistesleben?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Rotkaeppchen Neugebauer Michael Vlg.?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmLisbeth Zwerger? Tischlein deck dich Neugebauer Michael Vlg.?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmEve Tharlet? Dornroeschen. Ein Maerchenbilderbuch nach den Bruedern Grimm Sauerlaender GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmFelix Hoffmann? Die schoensten Maerchen Gondrom Verlag GmbH?Hans Christian AndersenJacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmWilhelm Hauff?Ludwig Bechstein? Haensel und Gretel Gondrom Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Der Wolf und die sieben jungen Geisslein Edition Korrespondenzen?Ilse Aichinger?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Mein allererstes Maerchenbuch Garant Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Das tapfere Schneiderlein leiv Leipziger Kinderbuch?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Die Bremer Stadtmusikanten Neugebauer Michael Vlg.?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmJosef Palecek? Bruederchen und Schwesterchen und andere Maerchen. CD Audio Verlag Der GmbH?Jakob Grimm?Wilhelm Grimm Das tapfere Schneiderlein und andere Maerchen. CD Audio Verlag Der GmbH?Jakob Grimm?Wilhelm Grimm Der Trommler / Die beiden Wanderer. CD Audio Verlag Der GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Maerchen Vol. 4 Naxos Deutschland GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Maerchen Vol. 6 Naxos Deutschland GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Grimm Dgv?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Hansel und Gretel, kleine Ausgabe NEUGEBAUER VERLAG?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmLisbeth Zwerger? Grimms Maerchen. Die schoensten Geschichten Otus Verlag AG?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Der Fischer und seine Frau Elatus Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Grimms Maerchen. Zehn schoene Maerchen der Gebrueder Grimm Krone, Hans-Dieter?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Haensel und Gretel. Ein Mal- und Vorlesebuch Bremer Drucksachen Servic?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Dornroeschen Bremer Drucksachen Servic?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Hans im Glueck . Klassische Musik und Sprache erzaehlen Edition See-Igel?Wilhelm GrimmJacob GrimmMaurice Ravel?Bruno Maderna?Marie Theresia Paradis?Gabriel Faure?Kre? Die schoensten Maerchen Krone, Hans-Dieter?Wilhelm Hauff? Los Tres Pelos Del Diablo (Cuentos Interactivos) Oceano De Mexico?Wilhelm GrimmMiguel Jimenez Hernandez?Jacob Grimm Deutsche Sagen Anaconda Verlag?Jakob Grimm?Wilhelm Grimm Maerchen der Brueder Grimm 1 Onomato Hoerbuecher?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Maerchen der Brueder Grimm 4 Onomato Hoerbuecher?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Maerchen der Brueder Grimm 5 Onomato Hoerbuecher?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Maerchen der Brueder Grimm 6 Onomato Hoerbuecher?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Die Bremer Stadtmusikanten Wolbern Verlagsgesellscha?Wilhelm GrimmJakob Grimm? Cuentos (El Libro De Bolsillo) Alianza Editorial Sa?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Hansel Y Gretel/Hansel and Gretel Everest De Ediciones Y Distribucion?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmSusan Jeffers? Cuentos de Los Hermanos Grimm - Volumen 2 Everest Pub?A. Archipowa?Wilhelm GrimmJacob Grimm Caperucita Roja La Galera?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Cuentos De Grimm/the Tales of Grimm (Cuentos Clsicos) Susaeta?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Cuentos de Los Hermanos Grimm Gaviota?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Karl Grimm? Caperucita Roja / Little Red Riding Hood (Coleccion "Mi Primera Biblioteca"/My First Library Series) Everest De Ediciones Y Distribucion?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmLisbeth Zwerger? El Sastrecillo Valiente/the Brave Sastrecillo Oceano De Mexico?Wilhelm Karl Grimm? La Casita De Chocolate Hansel Y Gretel (Cuentos Interactivos) Oceano De Mexico?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm La Luz Azul/the Blue Light (Cuentos Interactivos) Oceano De Mexico?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm La Bola De Cristal (Cuentos Interactivos) Oceano De Mexico?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmMiguel Jimenez Hernandez? Grimms Maerchen. Gesamtausgabe Nebel Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm La Hija Del Molinero (Cuentos Interactivos) Oceano De Mexico?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmMiguel Jimenez Hernandez? El Rey-rana/ The Frog King (Cuentos Classicos) Algaida Editores S a?Julia Tornero?Juan Bautista Fernandez?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmJose Ramon Sanchez? Contos De Grimm (Infantil E Xuvenil) Grupo Anaya Comercial?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmXavier Rodriguez Baixeras? Blancanieves Y Los Siete Enanitos Peralt Montague?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmGraham Percy? LA Bella Durmiente Del Bosque Peralt Montague?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmGraham Percy? Cuentos De Grimm Optima Editorial?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Juan Sin Miedo/youth Who Could Not Shiver Selector?Selector?Frank Boss?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmManuel De Las Casas? La Liebre y La Tortuga Bibliografica Internacional?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Karl Grimm? Los Musicos De Brema Y Otros Cuentos Panamericana Editorial?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Los Tres Pelos Del Diablo Panamericana Editorial?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Hansel Y Gretel Panamericana Editorial?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Los Musicos De Bremen Panamericana Editorial?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Blancanieves (Coleccion Caja de Colores) Panamericana Editorial?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Caperucita Roja / Little Red Riding Hood Panamericana Editorial?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm La Bella Durmiente (Coleccion Caja de Colores) Panamericana Editorial?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Caperucita Roja / Little Red Riding Hood Panamericana Editorial?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Hans im Glueck Neugebauer Michael Vlg.?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmEve Tharlet? Frau Holle Neugebauer Michael Vlg.?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmKirsten Hoecker? The Goose Girl (A North-South Picture Book) North-South Books (Nord-Sud Verlag AG)?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmAnthea Bell?Sabine Bruntjen? The Golden Goose North-South Books (Nord-Sud Verlag AG)?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmDorothee Duntze?D. Duntze? Mother Holly North South Books?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmBernadette Watts? Rotkaeppchen Bohem Press Ag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmCharles Perrault? Die Bremer Stadtmusikanten. Ein Brueder Grimm Maerchen nacherzaehlt Bohem Press Ag?Jakob Grimm?Wilhelm GrimmBrian Wildsmith? Haensel und Gretel Zbinden Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmLilly Gross-Anderegg? Die Bremer Stadtmusikanten. Limitierte Ausgabe Neugebauer, Michael Edit.?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Die Bremer Stadtmusikanten Neugebauer, Michael Edit.?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Traumhafte Maerchen. Grimms Maerchen Jakob Grimm?Wilhelm Grimm Kinder- und Hausmaerchen. (Lernmaterialien) Hamburger Lesehefte?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Grimms weitere Maerchen. Plattdueuetsch vertellt Quickborn-Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Die Bremer Stadtmusikanten Urachhaus/Geistesleben?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmCarla Grillis? Erste Maerchen Mellinger J.Ch. Verlag G?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Kinder- und Hausmaerchen der Brueder Grimm Klotz GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Die Kinder- und Hausmaerchen der Brueder Grimm Log X Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmPeter Dettmering? The Town Musicians of Bremen Lappan Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Die schoensten Maerchen der Gebrueder Grimm Lappan Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Es war einmal. Die schoensten Maerchen der Brueder Grimm Edition Buecherbaer Im Ar?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Der Teufel mit den drei goldenen Haaren. Ein Spielbilderbuch mit Bastelbogen fuer ein Daumenkino Aufbau Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Cinderella Monterey Soundworks?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm The Elves and the Shoemaker Ideals Childrens Books?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmJoe Boddy? Barbie As Rapunzel Pleasant Company Publications?Cliff Ruby?Elana Lasser?Wilhelm GrimmRob Sauber? Grimm's Fairy Tales Seastar Books?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmArthur Rackham? Rapunzel (Picture Books) Gingham Dog Press?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmNicoletta Oeccoli? Six Swans A Folktale Boyds Mills Pr?Christine San Jose?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmJes Cole? The Fisherman And His Wife (Rabbit Ears-a Classic Tale) Spotlight?Wilhelm GrimmEric Metaxas?Jacob GrimmDiana Bryan? Grimm's Fairy Tales (Barnes Noble Classics) Barnes & Noble?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmElizabeth Dalton?Ludwig Emil Grimm? Folk-lore And Fable 1909 Standard Pubns Inc?AesopJacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmHans Christian Andersen Folk-lore and Fable Standard Pubns Inc?AesopJacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmHans Christian Andersen The Bremen Town Musicians And Other Animal Tales From Grimm Roaring Brook?Doris Orgel?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmBert Kitchen? Grimm's Fairy Tales (Great Illustrated Classics) Abdo Publishing Company?Roy Nemerson?Wilhelm GrimmJacob Grimm Grimm's Fairy Stories Alan Rodgers Books?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm The Sleeping Princess and Other Fairy Tales from Grimm (The Orchard Books Collection) Orchard Books?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmEmma Chichester Clark? The Twelve Dancing Princesses Orchard Books?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmJane Ray? Hansel and Gretel Godfrey Cave Associates Ltd?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmK. Nielsen? Hansel and Gretel (Magical Fairy Tales S) Invader Ltd?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmJ L Ramon? The Complete Illustrated Works of the Brothers Grimm Bounty Books?Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm?Wilhelm Carl Grimm? The Twelve Dancing Princesses (Picture Books) Orchard Books?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm The Little Book of Iron John (Little Book) Element Books Ltd?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Grimm's Fairy Tales Wolf and the Seven Little Kids/Pack of Ragamuffins/Brother and Sister/Three Snake-Leaves/Boots of Buffalo-Leather/Drummer and Others Naxos Audio Books?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmLaura Paton? Grimm's Fairy Tales Snow White, Hansel and Gretel, Rumplestiltsken, Cinderella and Many Others (Junior Classics) Naxos Audio Books?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmLaura Paton? Stories from Grimm Godfrey Cave Associates?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm A Treasury of Stories from the Brother's Grimm (The Treasury of Stories) Kingfisher Books?Jacob GrimmJenny Koralek?Wilhelm GrimmRobin Lawrie? Hansel Y Gretel/hansel And Gretel (Clasicos/Classics) Fondo De Cultura Economica USA?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmAnthony Browne?Miriam Martinez? Rapunzel (Funny Fables) Children s Entertainment?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Rumpelstiltskin (Funny Fables) Children s Entertainment?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Fairy Tales Sunburst Books?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmRenata Fucikova? The Twelve Dancing Princesses Orchard Books?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmJane Ray? Rapunzel A Hidden Picture Fairy Tale Boyd/Schalles?Kit Wray?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Snow White A Hidden Picture Fairy Tale Boyd/Schalles?Kit Wray?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Best Loved Stories in Song and Dance Greathall Productions?Jim Weiss?Charles Perrault?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm The Frog Prince (We Both Read) Treasure Bay Inc?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Hansel Gretel (We Both Read) Treasure Bay Inc?Sindy McKay?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmTim Barnes? Hansel Gretel (We Both Read) Treasure Bay Inc?Sindy McKay?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmTim Barnes? The Frog Prince (We Both Read) Treasure Bay Inc?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm The Pearl Princess (Classics Illustrated Junior No. 570) Jack Lake Prod Inc?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm The Elves and the Shoemaker Jack Lake Prod Inc?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm The Golden Bird (Classics Illustrated Junior) Jack Lake Prod Inc?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (Classics Illustrated Junior No. 501) Jack Lake Prod Inc?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm The Enchanted Fish Jack Lake Prod Inc?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Rumpelstiltskin (Classics Illustrated Junior) Jack Lake Prod Inc?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm 50th Anniversary Treasure Pack Jack Lake Prod Inc?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Fairy Tales from the Brothers Grimm Armadillo Books?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmNicola Baxter?Cathie Shuttleworth? The Elves and the Shoemaker Barefoot Books?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmMargaret Walty? Battle of the Beasts A Tale of Epic Proportions from the Brothers Grimm Chronicle Books Llc (Juv)?Diz Wallis?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Fairy Tales Bed Book Classics?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Grimm's Fairy Tales Bed Book Classics?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Contes choisis. Sodis(Folio,L Imaginaire)?Jakob Grimm?Wilhelm Grimm Deutsche Sagen. Reclam Philipp Jun.?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Grimms Maerchen, modern. Prosa, Gedichte, Karikaturen. (Lernmaterialien) Reclam Philipp Jun.?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Kinder- und Hausmaerchen Reclam Philipp Jun.?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Kinder- und Hausmaerchen Reclam Philipp Jun.?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Die beliebtesten Maerchen der Gebrueder Grimm Betz Annette?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Kinder- und Hausmaerchen Betz Annette?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Grimm Marchen Betz Annette?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Rumpelstilzchen Diogenes Verlag AG?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmEdward Gorey? Die schoensten Maerchen der Brueder Grimm. Diogenes Verlag AG?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Frau Holle Nord-Sued Verlag AG?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmBernadette? Haensel und Gretel Nord-Sued Verlag AG?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmBernadette? Rotkaeppchen Nord-Sued Verlag AG?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmBernadette? Schneewittchen Nord-Sued Verlag AG?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmBernadette? Die Sterntaler. Ein Nord-Sued Maerchenbuch der Brueder Grimm Nord-Sued Verlag AG?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmEugen Sopko? Schneeweisschen und Rosenrot Nord-Sued Verlag AG?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmBernadette? Der Froschkonig Frog Prince North South Books?Binnettr Schroeder?Wilhelm Grimm Rumpelstilzchen North South Books?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmBernadette? Die Bremer Stadtmusikanten Nord-Sued Verlag AG?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmBernadette? Der Wolf und die sieben jungen Geisslein Nord-Sued Verlag AG?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmBernadette? Rapunzel Nord-Sued Verlag AG?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Jorinde und Joringel Nord-Sued Verlag AG?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Die Prinzessin auf der Erbse Nord-Sued Verlag AG?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Die schoensten Maerchen der Brueder Grimm Nord-Sued Verlag AG?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Schneewittchen Ars Edition GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Die Kinder- und Hausmaerchen der Brueder Grimm Kinderbuch Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Schneeweisschen und Rosenrot Kinderbuch Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmDieter Mueller? Der Wolf und die sieben jungen Geisslein Kinderbuch Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Frau Holle Kinderbuch Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Der gestiefelte Kater Kinderbuch Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmRegine Grube-Heinecke? Schneewittchen und die sieben Zwerge Eulenspiegel Verlags GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Koenig Drosselbart Eulenspiegel Verlags GmbH?Jakob Grimm?Wilhelm Grimm Maerchen Arena Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Maerchen Arena Verlag GmbH?Wilhelm Hauff? Die schoensten Maerchen Arena Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmHans Christian AndersenWilhelm Hauff? Mein erstes Maerchenbuch. Die schoensten Maerchen der Brueder Grimm Arena Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Cuentos Tradicionales II / Traditional Stories (Clasicos De Siempre/ Cuentos / Always Classics / Stories) Longseller?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Marchen Der Bruder Grimm Beltz GmbH, Julius?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Deutsches Woerterbuch. DTV Deutscher Taschenbuch?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Deutsches Woerterbuch(33 Volume Set) DTV Deutscher Taschenbuch?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Deutsche Sagen Diederichs Eugen?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Marchen Der Bruder Goldmann Wilhelm Verlag Gmbh?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Kinder Und Hausmarchen Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag GmbH?Bauder Grimm? Shopping hilft die Welt verbessern Goldmann Wilhelm GmbH?Fred Grimm? Rotkaeppchen Hanser, Carl GmbH + Co.?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmSusanne Janssen? Jorinde und Joringel. Acht Maerchen der Brueder Grimm Insel Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Briefwechsel 1838 - 1841 Insel Verlag?Bettina von Arnim?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmHartwig Schultz? Die zwoelf schoensten Maerchen der Brueder Grimm Insel Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Kinder- und Hausmaerchen gesammelt durch die Brueder Grimm. Kleine Ausgabe von 1858. Insel Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Grimms Maerchen, wie sie nicht im Buche stehen. Insel Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Grimms Maerchen und Sagen. 5 Baende. Insel Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Der kleine Muck. Insel Verlag?Wilhelm Hauff? Die Brueder Grimm. Das Buch zum Film Insel Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Die Bremer Stadtmusikanten Esslinger Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmKestutis Kasparavicius? Rumpelstilzchen Esslinger Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmPaul O. Zelinsky? Die schoensten Maerchen der Brueder Grimm Esslinger Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Die Brueder Grimm erzaehlen Tiermaerchen Esslinger Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Der gestiefelte Kater. Mini-Maerchen Esslinger Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Der Froschkoenig. Mini-Maerchen Esslinger Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Dornroeschen. Mini-Maerchen Esslinger Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Von Prinzessinnen und Koenigstoechtern Esslinger Verlag?Hans Christian AndersenJacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Haensel und Gretel Esslinger Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Kinder- und Hausmaerchen Albatros Im Patmos Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Saemtliche Maerchen Albatros Im Patmos Verlag?Wilhelm Hauff? Maerchen. ( Ab 8 J.) Thienemann Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Der Wolf und die sieben Geisslein Thienemann Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmSusanne Smajic? Rumpelstilzchen Thienemann Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Frau Holle Thienemann Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Rotkaeppchen Thienemann Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Die Bremer Stadtmusikanten Thienemann Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Der Froschkoenig Thienemann Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Dornroeschen Thienemann Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Das grosse Maerchenbilderbuch der Brueder Grimm. Mit CD Thienemann Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Das grosse Maerchenbilderbuch der Brueder Grimm Thienemann Verlag GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Kinder- und Hausmaerchen Vandenhoeck + Ruprecht Gm?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmHeinz. Roelleke? Kinder- und Hausmaerchen Artemis & Winkler Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Deutsche Sagen Artemis & Winkler Verlag?Jakob Grimm?Wilhelm Grimm Kinder- und Hausmaerchen. Sonderausgabe Winkler, Mchn.?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Der Druide und die Mondkoenigin. Irische Maerchen und Sagen Artemis & Winkler Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Kinder- und Hausmaerchen. Vollstaendige Ausgabe Artemis & Winkler Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Deutsche Sagen Artemis & Winkler Verlag?Jakob Grimm?Wilhelm Grimm Maerchen Bertelsmann Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Die wahren Maerchen der Brueder Grimm. ( Maerchen der Welt). Fischer-TB.-Vlg.,Ffm?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmHeinz Roelleke? Die schoensten Maerchen. Fischer Taschenbuch Vlg.?Wilhelm GrimmJacob Grimm Grimms Maerchen Deutscher Klassikerverlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Grimms Maerchen und Deutsche Sagen Deutscher Klassikerverlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Grimms Maerchen. Deutscher Klassikerverlag?Wilhelm GrimmJacob Grimm Die Wichtelmaenner Atlantis im Orell Fuessli?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Haensel und Gretel Atlantis im Orell Fuessli?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Kinder- und Hausmaerchen 1 Manesse Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Kinder- und Hausmaerchen 2 Manesse Verlag?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Kinder- und Hausmaerchen. 2 Bde Diederichs Eugen?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Sterntaler. Maerchen der Brueder Grimm Verlag am Goetheanum?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmDoris Nixdorff? Wiegen- und Kinderlieder Boehlaus Herrmann Nachf.?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmHeinz Roelleke? Die allerliebsten Maerchen der Brueder Grimm Ars Edition GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Die allerschoensten Maerchen der Gebrueder Grimm 1 Ars Edition GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Rotkaeppchen Ars Edition GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Haensel und Gretel Ars Edition GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm The Fisherman and His Wife (Fairy Tales) Creative Co (T)?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmJohn Howe? Der Froschkoenig Ars Edition GmbH?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Rapunzel Holiday House?Barbara Rogasky?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmTrina Schart Hyman? Bruederchen und Schwesterchen Die sieben Raben. Cassette Kiddinx Entertainment Gmb?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Little Red Riding Hood Holiday House (P)?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmTrina Schart Hyman? The Bremen Town Musicians Holiday House?Janet Stevens?Jacob GrimmWilhelm Grimm Iron John Adapted from the Brothers Grimm Holiday House?Eric A. Kimmel?Jacob GrimmWilhelm GrimmTrina Schart Hyman? The Goose Girl A Story from the Brothers Grimm Holiday House?Eric A. 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Bauherrnlexikon Moderne Industrie? Ernst Huerlimann? ModerneIndustrie? ErnstHuerlimann? ユーズドブック(洋書)-Engineering Subjects-Engineering-Civil-Construction-BuildingConstruction? Subjects-Nonfiction-ForeignLanguageNonfiction-German? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Civil-Construction-BuildingConstruction? Energiesysteme im uebergang. Unter den Bedingungen der Zukunft Moderne Industrie? Wolf Haefele? ModerneIndustrie? WolfHaefele? ユーズドブック(洋書)-Engineering Subjects-Business&Investing-Industries&Professions-RealEstate-General? Subjects-Engineering-Mechanical-General? Subjects-Nonfiction-ForeignLanguageNonfiction-German? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Mechanical-General? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Accounting&Finance-Industries&Professions-RealEstate-General? Dach Atlas. Geneigte Daecher Mueller Rudolf? Eberhard Schunck? Thomas Finke? Richard Jenisch? MuellerRudolf? EberhardSchunck? ThomasFinke? 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bold(){Akku Dell Studio XPS 1645} Als eine der ersten Redaktionen hatten wir die Gelegenheit, das kommende GX800 ausführlich unter die Lupe zu nehmen. Asus erhöht im Vergleich zum GX700 nicht nur die Performance und die Abmessungen, sondern verpasst dem Gerät auch ein 4K-Display mit G-Sync-Unterstützung. Hält das Kühlsystem den Anforderungen stand? Unsere Preview klärt erste Fragen. Asus GX700 trifft MSI GT80 So könnte man das brandneue GX800 in einem Satz zusammenfassen. Während die externe Wasserkühlung (Hydro Overclocking System) beibehalten wurde, ist das Chassis von 17 auf 18 Zoll gewachsen, was Platz für eine Dual-GPU-Lösung schafft. Um nicht hinter MSI zurückzufallen und den exorbitanten Preis zu rechtfertigen, verbaut Asus die stärksten Notebook-GPUs auf dem Markt. Da Nvidias Pascal-Generation noch etwas Zeit benötigt, musste unser Testgerät mit zwei Maxwell-Chips, genauer gesagt der GTX 980 SLI vorliebnehmen (für Käufer gibt es die Top-Next-Gen-GPUs). Entsprechend sind die Benchmark-Ergebnisse und die Emissions- bzw. Energiewerte des Artikels nicht repräsentativ. Eine weitere Abweichung betrifft das Display. Im Gegensatz zum Prototypen soll die finale Version kein FHD-, sondern ein UHD-Panel mit G-Sync-Support enthalten (angeblich das erste 18-Zoll-Modell weltweit). Aufgrund des sehr frühen Status werden wir bestimmte Kategorien nicht beurteilen. An folgenden Bereichen schraubt Asus bis zur Veröffentlichung noch Das Design richtet sich über weite Strecken nach dem 17-Zoll-Bruder GX700. Asus verwendet erneut eine Mischung aus Metall (Deckel) und Kunststoff (zum Teil gummiert), die qualitativ an den Hauptkonkurrenten von MSI, das GT80S, heranreicht. Durch das größere Display und die doppelte Grafikpower ist das Gehäuse allerdings wuchtiger und schwerer als beim GX700. So sind es statt 3,9 jetzt 5,69 Kilogramm – knapp 50 % mehr. Mit Wasserkühlung (4,7 kg) erreicht das System über 10 Kilo. Wenn man noch die beiden Netzteile (jeweils 1.280 Gramm) dazurechnet, ergibt sich ein Gesamtgewicht von 13 Kilogramm. Das MSI GT80S, welches bei identischer Hardware ohne Wakü und mit einem Netzteil auskommt, wiegt inklusive Stromversorgung »nur« 6,3 Kilogramm. Doch egal, ob GX800 oder GT80S Zum häufigen Transport sind die Notebooks kaum geeignet. Beide Geräte zielen vor allem auf Nutzer, die ein stationäres System, aber keinen dicken Tower-PC möchten. Ansonsten macht das Chassis eine überaus gute Figur. Neben der Optik hat uns auch die Robustheit gefallen. Infos zur Wasserkühlung erhalten Sie im Test des GX700. Letztere bietet immer noch die selben Stärken (Kühlleistung) und Schwächen (Platzbedarf), wenngleich Asus laut eigenen Aussagen mehrere Optimierungen vorgenommen hat. Zum Beispiel wird nun auch die CPU und nicht mehr nur die GPU gekühlt. Analog zum GX700 fällt die Anschlussausstattung üppig aus. Respekt gibt es unter anderem für die Bildausgänge. Dank HDMI 2.0, DisplayPort 1.4 und Thunderbolt 3.0 lassen sich alle möglichen Displays anschließen und mit 3.840 x 2.160 Pixeln in 60 Hz betreiben. Drei USB-3.0-Ports und zwei USB-3.1-Ports vom Typ C verdienen ebenfalls Lob. Da die Rückseite für die Wasserkühlung reserviert ist, musste Asus die Schnittstellen notgedrungen auf beide Seiten verteilen. Immerhin finden sich die meisten Anschlüsse jetzt links und nicht mehr rechts, was für einen Großteil der Käufer besser ist (Stichwort Mauseinsatz). Der Cardreader erreicht eine sehr hohe Performance. Knapp 228 MB/Sek beim sequentiellen Lesen und 159 MB/Sek beim Übertragen von 250 jpg-Bildern sind überdurchschnittlich und orientieren sich am Schenker XMG U726. Akku Dell Studio XPS 1645 リンク名 http //www.laptopsakku.com/dell-studio-xps-1645.html . Für die Kommunikation ist ein Gigabit-Ethernet-Controller und ein topmodernes Funkmodul zuständig. Asus verspricht WLAN 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac (2x 2 Antennen) und Bluetooth 4.1. Unser Testgerät war mit Intels Wireless-AC 8260 bestückt. Außen am Gehäuse wartet übrigens ein WiFi-Antennen-Anschluss. Die Software hat viel Potenzial. Per Gaming Center lassen sich nicht nur diverse Systemeinstellungen vornehmen und die Komponenten überwachen, sondern auch der Prozessor, die Grafikkarte und der Arbeitsspeicher übertakten. Während der Core i7-6820HK normalerweise auf bis zu 3,6 GHz kommt, erhöht das Turbo-Gear-Setting »Extreme« (beim Windowsstart automatisch aktiv) den CPU-Wert auf maximal 4,4 GHz, was umgerechnet +22 % sind. Das Overlcocking der GPU ist ebenfalls nicht von schlechten Eltern. Im Falle der GTX 980 sorgt der Extreme-Modus für maximal 1.328 statt 1.190 MHz beim Kern (+12 %) und 3.700 statt 3.500 MHz beim Videospeicher (+6 %). Da MSI im GT80S nur die CPU übertaktet, liegt das GX800 – je nach Game respektive Benchmark – teils deutlich vorn. Hinzu kommt eine OC-Möglichkeit des DDR4-RAMs (2.800 statt 2.400 MHz). Abgerundet wird das Gaming Center von einer manuellen Lüftersteuerung für Wakü und Notebook. Unsere Tests basieren auf dem Setting »Auto«. Turbo Gear wurde im Idle auf »Standard« und im 3D-Betrieb auf »Extreme« gestellt. Ohne Wakü läuft der Videospeicher – das GX700 lässt grüßen – nur mit dem Taktlevel einer GTX 980M (2.500 MHz). Die Wartung ist leider immer noch kompliziert (siehe Text beim GX700). Der Hersteller verzichtet erneut auf eine Klappe, so dass man den kompletten Boden entfernen muss, um an den Akku, das Kühlsystem, den Massenspeicher und die RAM-Bänke zu gelangen. Trotz »work-in-progress« machen die Eingabegeräte einen vielversprechenden Eindruck. Asus nimmt das GT80S als Vorbild und integriert ein mechanisches Keyboard, dessen Tasten allerdings wesentlich flacher sind, wodurch die Tastatur weiter oben platziert werden kann (bessere Ergonomie) und noch Raum für ein klassisches Touchpad vorhanden ist. Weitere Highlights sind die abgesetzten Richtungspfeile, der dedizierte Makro-Bereich und die stylishe Beleuchtung. Im Vergleich zu einem Standard-Keyboard fühlen sich Eingaben knackiger und präziser an (zulasten des Tippgeräuschs). Beim Touchpad wären das glatte Finish und die Dimensionierung positiv hervorzuheben. Akku Dell Studio 1747 リンク名 http //www.laptopsakku.com/dell-studio-1747.html . Wie eingangs angesprochen, wird das finale GX800 mit einem UHD-IPS-Panel auftrumpfen können. Nvidias G-Sync-Technik ist ebenfalls an Bord. Letztere verhindert Zeilenverschiebungen und garantiert eine flüssige Darstellung. Der Protoyp hatte nur ein FHD-Display ohne G-Sync, weswegen wir keine Messungen durchführen. Selbst ohne die Next-Gen-GPUs des Seriengeräts ist das Asus GX800 das aktuell stärkste Desktop-Replacement. Einen High-End-Quadcore bieten zwar fast alle Gaming-Notebooks, mit der Leistung der Grafikchips kann es jedoch keiner der Konkurrenten aufnehmen. Der Speicherausbau ist ebenfalls referenzwürdig 64 GByte DDR4-RAM sollten für die kommenden Jahre locker reichen. Als i-Tüpfelchen stecken unter der Haube noch drei NVMe-SSDs, die zusammen ein RAID-0-Gespann bilden. Beim Prozessor greift Asus auf den Core i7-6820HK aus Intels Skylake-Generation zurück. Das Vierkern-Modell besitzt eine TDP von 45 Watt und wird im 14-nm-Verfahren hergestellt. Die Menge des L3-Caches liegt mit 8 MByte etwas über dem Niveau des erfolgreichen Core i7-6700HQ, der nur 6 MByte enthält. Die Taktraten hängen wie gesagt vom Turbo-Gear-Setting ab. Ohne zusätzliches Overclocking ist spätestens bei 3,6 GHz Schluss. Im Extreme-Modus sind derweil über 4 GHz möglich. Auf eine Analyse des Taktverhaltens per Cinebench verzichten wir noch, weil laut Asus der Wasserblock bzw. dessen Kontakt zur CPU nicht final ist. Gleiches gilt weiter unten für die Temperaturen. Nichts zu verbessern gibt es bei der Systemleistung. 8.047 Punkte im PCMark 7 sind das höchste Resultat, das wir jemals ermittelt haben (Desktop-PCs eingeschlossen). Hauptursache für das tolle Abschneiden ist der RAID-Verbund aus mehreren M.2-SSDs. Womit wir beim nächsten Thema angelangt wären dem Massenspeicher. Asus geht hier keine Kompromisse ein und setzt auf gleich drei NVMe-SSDs von Samsung (SM951), die jeweils 512 GByte fassen. Sowohl im AS SSD Benchmark als auch im CrystalDiskMark ergattert das GX800 häufig die Performance-Krone. Knapp 3.000 MB/Sek beim sequentiellem Lesen und 2.400-2.600 MB/Sek beim sequentiellen Schreiben sind ein herausragender Wert. Kleine Dateien packen die Solid State Drive auch flott, so dass Windows ungemein schnell reagiert (Bootvorgang, Ladezeiten, ...). Obwohl es eigentlich wenig Sinn macht, Grafikkarten zu testen, die in dieser Form nicht mit dem Serienprodukt übereinstimmen, haben wir jede Menge Benchmarks zur GTX 980 SLI durchgeführt. Einmal, um fehlende Titel in unserer Spieleliste zu ergänzen. Und andererseits, damit wir nach dem Erscheinen der Pascal-Architektur die Energieeffizienz und die Leistungssteigerung besser beurteilen können. Doch zurück zum Presample Die GeForce GTX 980 ist – SLI hin oder eher – die kräftigste Notebook-GPU zum Zeitpunkt des Artikels. Das Topmodell aus dem Hause Nvidia basiert auf der inzwischen leicht betagten Maxwell-Architektur, die noch im 28- statt im 16-nm-Prozess entsteht. Mit 2.048 CUDA Cores verfügt sie über deutlich mehr Shader-Einheiten als die günstigeren Brüder GTX 980M (1.536) und GTX 970M (1.280), was große Auswirkungen auf die Performance hat. Beim Speicherausbau (8 GB GDDR5) und beim Speicherinterface (256 Bit) gibt es ebenfalls nichts zu meckern. Akku Dell Studio 1745 リンク名 http //www.laptopsakku.com/dell-studio-1745.html . Klasse Im Extreme-Modus läuft die GTX 980 am Limit. Wie unsere Benchmarks zeigen, profitiert der 18-Zöller stark vom Overclocking. Der 3DMark 13 und der 3DMark 11 sehen das GX800 zwischen 10 und 20 % vor dem MSI GT80S. Wenn Asus das Turbo-Gear-System beibehält, dürfte der Abstand auch ungefähr für die Pascal-Versionen der beiden Laptops gelten (außer MSI entscheidet sich beim GT80-Nachfolger ebenfalls für eine Übertaktung der Grafikkarte.
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ネットワークに戻る RFC2616概要 HTTP/1.1 RFC6265概要 HTTP状態管理機構 パーセントエンコーディング（URLエンコード） URLで意味を持つコードと混同する日本語などのバイナリや特殊記号を16進形式にして、先頭に%を付加した文字に変換する。正確に言うと、非予約文字、予約文字以外を変換する。 項目 説明 非予約文字 ASCIIのコード範囲内の英字（大文字・小文字）、数字、ハイフン “-”、ピリオド “.”、アンダースコア “_”、チルダ “~” 予約文字 URIを表す符号。ASCIIのコード範囲内のコロン “ ”、スラッシュ “/”、疑問符 “?”、シャープ “#”、角括弧 “[”、“]”、単価記号 “@”、感嘆符 “!”、ドル記号・ペソ記号 “$”、アンパサンド “ ”、アポストロフィー・シングルクオート “ ”、丸括弧 “(”、“)”、アスタリスク “*”、正符号・加算記号 “+”、コンマ “,”、セミコロン “;”、等号 “=” name=%E8%8F%85%E7%9B%B4%E4%BA%BA UTF-8で、%E8%8F%85：菅, %E7%9B%B4 直, %E4%BA%BA 人 x-www-form-urlencoded(URLエンコード) POSTのフォームデータをエンコードする。%を付加する方式は、パーセントエンコーディングと同じ。パーセントエンコーディングの予約文字も変換している スペースは"+"に変換。Javaのソースを見ると、英数字、"-","_", ".","*"以外を変換する BASE64 Wikipediaより データを64種類の印字可能な英数字のみを用いて、それ以外の文字を扱うことの出来ない通信環境にてマルチバイト文字やバイナリデータを扱うためのエンコード方式 7ビットのデータしか扱うことの出来ない電子メールにて広く利用されている A–Z, a–z, 0–9 までの62文字と、記号2つ (+ , /) 、さらにパディング（余った部分を詰める）のための記号として = が用いられる 76文字ごとに改行コードが入る Cookie Wikipediaより クッキーを設定する際、どの要求に対してクッキー情報を送り返すのか、URLの範囲を指定する。 規定値は、クッキーを設定したサーバに対するすべての要求であり、対象を広げることも狭めることもできる。ただし広げる場合でも、トップレベルドメインより狭い範囲でなければならない。 またクッキーの有効期限は、通常はブラウザを終了するまでだが、指定した期限まではブラウザを再度起動しても保持されるように設定することができる。有効期限の情報も、サーバからブラウザにクッキー情報を送信する段階で付加される。 無期限という設定は出来ない。 詳細： http //www.studyinghttp.net/cookies リクエスト 全てテキスト。行(CRLF)で区切られる。 フォーマット リクエストラインは１行。ヘッダは複数行。 大項目 小項目 説明 リクエストライン メソッド GET,POST,PUTなどのどれか。 リクエストURL リクエストを処理するURI プロトコルバージョン HTTPのバージョン。【例】HTTP/1.1 ヘッダ HOST リクエスト先のホスト名。必須項目 空行 POSTのときにヘッダの終了を示すために挿入される メッセージボディ POSTのときにリクエストデータを出力する 【例】 GET http //example.jp/31/31-001.php HTTP/1.1 リクエストライン Host example.jp --+ User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv 2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1 | Accept text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 +-- ヘッダ Accept-Language ja,en-us;q=0.7,en;q=0.3 | Accept-Encoding gzip, deflate | Accept-Charset Shift_JIS,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 | Keep-Alive 115 | Connection keep-alive | Referer http //example.jp/31/ --+ Accept-CharsetでShift-JISの品質係数が１であるため、サーバは、Shift-JISでエンコードしたメッセージを返す。 POST http //example.jp/31/31-003.php HTTP/1.1 リクエストライン Accept image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-excel ヘッダ Referer http //example.jp/31/31-002.php Accept-Language ja User-Agent Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Inf oPath.1; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729) Content-Type application/x-www-form-urlencoded Accept-Encoding gzip, deflate Host example.jp Content-Length 65 Connection Keep-Alive Pragma no-cache name=%E8%8F%85%E7%9B%B4%E4%BA%BA mail=kan@aaa.jp gender=%E7%94%B7 メッセージボディ Hostヘッダ HTTP1.1では必須。POST/GETでのURIにHOSTを指定していなかった場合、Virtualホストを特定できない。そのためHostヘッダにHOST名を指定する。URIにホスト名があって、Hostヘッダにもホスト名がある場合はURIを優先する。URIにホスト名を指定することを強制すれば良いような気がするが。 Referer ヘッダの一種。リンク元のURLを示す。あるWebページのリンクをクリックして別のページに移動したときの、リンク元のページのこと。 改変、削除される場合があるので正しくリンクを示しているとは限らない。 セキュリティ上、問題となるのは、URLが秘密情報を含んでいる場合。たとえば、URLがセッションIDを含んでいる場合。なりすましに使われる可能性がある。 【例】 GET http //example.jp/31/31-002.php HTTP/1.1 Accept image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, appl ication/msword, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/x-ms-application, application/x-ms-xbap, application/vnd.ms -xpsdocument, application/xaml+xml, */* Referer http //example.jp/31/ Accept-Language ja User-Agent Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Inf oPath.1; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729) Accept-Encoding gzip, deflate Host example.jp Connection Keep-Alive http //example.jp/31/のHTMLのaタグからリクエストが発生したため、Refererヘッダがつく。 レスポンス 全てテキスト。行で区切られる。 フォーマット ステータスラインは１行。ヘッダ、ボディは複数行。 大項目 小項目 説明 ステータスライン プロトコルバージョン ステータスコード 1XX 処理継続、2XX 正常終了、3XX リダイレクト、4XX クライアントエラー、5XX サーバエラー テキストフレーズ レスポンスヘッダ Content-Length ボディのバイト数 Content-Type MIMEタイプ; charset=エンコーディング 空行 ヘッダの終わりを示す ボディ 【例】 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date Wed, 04 May 2011 04 51 51 GMT Server Apache/2.2.14 (Ubuntu) X-Powered-By PHP/5.3.2-1ubuntu4.2 Vary Accept-Encoding Content-Length 20 Keep-Alive timeout=15, max=100 Connection Keep-Alive Content-Type text/html; charset=UTF-8 body 13 51 /body Content-type メディアタイプを示すエンティティヘッダ（メッセージボディに対する付随情報）。type "/" subtype *( ";" parameter )であらわされる。text/html; charset=utf-8など。charsetを追加すると出力の文字コードを示す。HTML文書にapplication/octet-streamを付けると、 多くの場合、Webブラウザはそれをダウンロードするか否か問い合わせるようになる。 Apacheの場合は、httpd.confの以下の設定でcharsetを指定する。 AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 Tomcatでは、JSPのpageディレクティブで設定する。 %@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=Windows-31J" pageEncoding="Windows-31J" % http //www.atmarkit.co.jp/fjava/rensai3/mojibake01/mojibake01.html 参照
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Biochemistry Of Neuroectodermal Tumours A Special Issue Of The Journal Clinical Chemistry And Enzymology Communications Harwood Academic Pub? Gerry Melino? HarwoodAcademicPub? GerryMelino? ユーズドブック(洋書)-Engineering ユーズドブック(洋書)-Science? Substores-UnknownASINs-48? Subjects-Engineering-Bioengineering-Biochemistry? Subjects-Engineering-Bioengineering-Biotechnology? Subjects-Engineering-Chemical-General? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Chemical-General? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Bioengineering-Biochemistry? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Bioengineering-Biotechnology? Subjects-Professional&Technical-ProfessionalScience-BiologicalSciences-Biotechnology? Subjects-Science-Chemistry-ChemicalEngineering? Subjects-Science-General Subjects-Science-BiologicalSciences-Biotechnology? Biochemistry Of Neuroectodermal Tumours A Special Issue Of The Journal Clinical Chemistry And Enzymology Communications Harwood Academic Pub? Gerry Melino? HarwoodAcademicPub? 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Stress - Free Staff Management The Easy Way to Exceptional Practice Relationships Authorhouse? Leigh A. Beekman? Authorhouse? LeighA.Beekman? Substores-UnknownASINs-35 Subjects-Business&Investing-Management&Leadership-Management? Subjects-Health,Mind&Body-PersonalHealth-Stress-StressManagement? Subjects-Professional&Technical-BusinessManagement-Management&Leadership-Management? In a Matter of Days Authorhouse? Mark Friend? Authorhouse? MarkFriend? Substores-UnknownASINs-35 Subjects-Mystery&Thrillers-Thrillers-SpyStories&TalesofIntrigue? The Magical Menagerie North-South Books (Nord-Sud Verlag AG)? North-SouthBooks(Nord-SudVerlagAG)? Substores-UnknownASINs-35 Subjects-Children sBooks-Literature? The Mozart Affair Authorhouse? Patricia A. Lowe? Authorhouse? PatriciaA.Lowe? Substores-UnknownASINs-35 Subjects-Entertainment-Movies-General? Subjects-Entertainment-Movies-Screenwriting? Tales of the Lore Valley The Wind Riders Authorhouse? Kris J. Kramer? Authorhouse? KrisJ.Kramer? ユーズドブック(洋書)-ScienceFiction&Fantasy? Substores-UnknownASINs-35 Subjects-ScienceFiction&Fantasy-Fantasy-General? Thorns With Pink Roses Authorhouse? Dorothy Gargas? Authorhouse? DorothyGargas? Substores-UnknownASINs-35 Subjects-Biographies&Memoirs-General? Subjects-Biographies&Memoirs-SpecificGroups-Women? Subjects-Biographies&Memoirs-Memoirs? Subjects-Nonfiction-SocialSciences-GenderStudies-Women? Canoe and Kayak Scam Kills 1000 Americans Us Coast Guard Studies Device to Save Victims Authorhouse? Tim Ingram? Authorhouse? TimIngram? Substores-UnknownASINs-35 Subjects-Health,Mind&Body-Safety&FirstAid? Subjects-Sports-General? Ancient Dreams for a New World A New Philosophy of Mind, Dreams, and Reality Inspired from Ancient Wisdom Authorhouse? Anna Mancini? Authorhouse? AnnaMancini? Substores-UnknownASINs-35 Subjects-Nonfiction-Philosophy-General? Subjects-Nonfiction-Philosophy-History&Surveys? Guardian of an Immortal Soul Authorhouse? Ruby Moon-Houldson? Authorhouse? RubyMoon-Houldson? ユーズドブック(洋書)-Horror? Substores-UnknownASINs-35 Subjects-Horror-General? Subjects-Literature&Fiction-GenreFiction-Horror-General? Substores-UnknownASINs-35 洋書
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ハイパーテキスト転送プロトコル RFC 2616 WebブラウザとWebサーバの間でHTMLなどのコンテンツの送受信に用いられる通信プロトコル リクエスト-レスポンス型 トランスポート・プロトコルとして通常TCPを使用 基本的な考え方は非常に単純であり「何を」「どうして」ほしいのかを相手に要求する。「何を」に当たるのがURL、「どうして」がメソッドにあたる。 World Wide WebにおけるWebページなどのリソースは、Uniform Resource Identifierによって指定される。 ポート番号80をデフォルトとして使用する（送信時は8080）。 TLSで暗号化され、セキュリティを確保したHTTPは、HTTPSと呼ばれる（httpsは実際にはURIスキームの1つであり、実際のプロトコルにはHTTP over SSL/TLSが用いられる）。 HTTP は基本的にサーバが状態を保持しない (stateless) プロトコルだが、データベースなどを使用するWebアプリケーションにおいては状態保持が必要だったため、そのためにいわゆる Cookie とよばれる機構が Netscape Communications Corporation によって導入された。Cookie を使用することによって状態を管理し、"セッション" を維持することが可能になる。 HTTPの拡張プロトコルとしてWebDAVがある。 UPnPでは、HTTPをUDP上で使用するHTTPUや、マルチキャストで使用するHTTPMUが規定された。 HTTP/0.9 URLのみの簡単なやりとり HTTP/1.0 NNTPやSMTPのような各種ヘッダが定義 HTTP_Cookieなどの利用 HTTP/1.1 複数データを転送するためのキープアライブ（keep-alive）機能やプロキシなどの利用も想定された仕様 バーチャルホストをサポートした。インターネット人気に伴い多くの企業がWebサイトを持ち始めたが、当時ではまだまだ企業が自前のWebサーバを運用するのは人員、効率の問題で難しかったためISPのサーバでホスティングをしていた。当時はまだ一社ごとに専用サーバを用意するほどのことでもないため一台のサーバで複数のWebサイトを運用していた。 しかしバーチャルホストには問題がある。例えばある1台のサーバに foo.example.com と bar.example.com という二つの仮想Webサーバがあるとする。ここではクライアントは http //foo.example.com/index.html にアクセスしたいとする。そのためにはまず foo.example.com をIPアドレスに解決するためDNSサーバに問い合わせ、そのサーバにアクセスし GET index.html を要求する。しかしサーバ側のIPアドレスは foo.example.com と bar.example.com 共におなじIPアドレスである。もし foo.example.com にも bar.example.com にも index.html というファイルが存在すればクライアントはどちらのサーバにアクセスしたのかわかるすべがない。 これを解決するにはそれぞれにIPアドレスを付与することで解決できるが、IPv4の資源を無駄にすることになる。 HTTP/1.1ではこれを解決するためにHostヘッダを追加した。 HTTP/1.0のヘッダ GET /index.html HTTP/1.0 HTTP/1.1のヘッダ GET /index.html HTTP/1.1 Host foo.example.com 動作 通信の開始 他のプロトコル同様クライアント側とサーバ側ではHTTPの役割が大きく異なる。HTTP通信を開始できるのはクライアント側のみである。 クライアント側はサーバにリクエストを送り、サーバはクライアントにレスポンスを返すのが最も典型的なHTTPのやりとりである。 接続 システム間でメッセージをやりとりするにはTCP接続を確立させる必要がある。 HTTP/0.9ではクライアントのリクエストごとにTCP接続を確立させる必要があったが、これは当時のWebサイトがシンプルなテキストベースであることが多かったためである。近年ではJavaScriptやアニメーション画像など、多数のオブジェクトが埋め込まれたWebサイトが一般的となってきているが、これら全てのオブジェクトを取得するたびにTCP接続を確立するのはサーバやネットワークに大きな負担を強いるため、HTTP/1.1では持続的接続がサポートされることとなった。ただしこの機能が利用できるのはサーバ側がその要求を許可した場合のみである。 パイプライン クライアントは前のリクエストに対するサーバの応答を待たずに別のリクエストを発行できる。 メソッド HTTPでは8つのメソッドが定義されている。ただし実際のHTTP通信ではGETとPOSTメソッドだけで殆どを占める。 HTTPメソッドの一覧 メソッド HTTP/0.9 HTTP/1.0 HTTP/1.1 GET ○ ○ ○ POST ○ ○ PUT △ ○ HEAD ○ ○ DELETE △ ○ OPTION ○ TRACE ○ CONNECT ○ GET 指定されたURIのリソースを取り出す。HTTPの最も基本的な動作で、HTTP/0.9では唯一のメソッド。 POST GETとは反対にクライアントがサーバにデータを送信するメソッドである。Webフォームや電子掲示板、Wikiなどに投稿する。GETの場合と同じくサーバはクライアントにデータを返すことができる。 PUT 指定したURIにリソースを保存する。URIが指し示すリソースが存在しない場合は、サーバはそのURIにリソースを作成する。画像のアップロードなどが代表的。 DELETE 指定したURIのリソースを削除する。 OPTION サーバを調査するメソッド。例えばサーバがサポートしているHTTPのバージョンなどを調査できる。 HEAD GETと似ているがサーバはHTTPヘッダのみ返す。クライアントはWebページを取得せずともそのWebページが存在するかどうかを知ることが出来る。例えばWebページのリンク先が生きているか検証するときなどにリンク先のデータを全て取得することなく調査することが出来る。 TRACE サーバまでのネットワーク経路をチェックできる。サーバは受け取ったメッセージのそれ自体をレスポンスのデータにコピーして応答する。WindowsのTracertやUNIXのTracerouteとよく似た動作。 CONNECT 暗号化したメッセージをプロキシで転送する際に用いる。 サーバの連携 バーチャルホスト リダイレクト 301 MovedというステータスコードとURIを受け取りクライアントはこの受け取ったURIに再度GETを送る。 クッキー(HTTP_Cookie) HTTPメッセージ クライアントからのHTTPリクエストは3つの要素から構成される。それぞれメソッド、URI、HTTPのバージョンでありスペースで区切られている。 下にもっとも単純な、クライアントとサーバ(www.google.co.jp 80)とのHTTPプロトコルのやり取りの例を挙げる。 クライアントのリクエスト GET / HTTP/1.0 GETがメソッド、URIは / 、バージョンはHTTP/1.0であることを示す。 URIは/でルートリソースを対象にしたリクエストであることを示している。TRACEなど特定のサーバを対象としないリクエストの場合には*が表示される。 サーバのレスポンス HTTP/1.0 200 OK Cache-Control private Content-Type text/html Set-Cookie PREF=ID=72c1ca72230dea65 LD=ja TM=1113132863 LM=111 3132863 S=nNO7MIp W2o7Cqeu_; expires=Sun, 17-Jan-2038 19 14 07 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.co.jp Server GWS/2.1 Date Sun, 10 Apr 2005 11 34 23 GMT Connection Close html head meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=Shift_JI S" title Google /title style !-- ・・・以下省略 上のリクエストのGETにあたる部分をメソッドといい、 HTTP/1.0では、GET, HEAD, PUT, POST, DELETE, LINK, UNLINK、 HTTP/1.1ではさらに、OPTIONS, TRACEがある。 GETメソッドのレスポンスにはヘッダ情報のあとに改行が挟まれ、コンテンツ本体が送られる。 HEADメソッドのレスポンスにはコンテンツサイズや更新日時などの情報を含むヘッダのみが送られる。 また、リクエストの2行目以降はヘッダを送る。 HTTPヘッダフィールド ヘッダの各要素は フィールド名 内容 のペアで構成される。 ブラウザの情報を表すUser-Agent、使用候補言語を表すAccept-Language、他ページへのリンクを辿った場合にそのリンク元ページのURLを表すRefererなどが代表的なフィールドである。 なお、リクエスト時のHostヘッダはHTTP/1.1では必須であるが、HTTP/1.0では無くても良い。 但し、サーバがバーチャルホストを利用している場合は、Hostヘッダが無いとリソース取得に失敗するので、たとえHTTP/1.0を使用していてもHostヘッダを付加しなければならない。 HTTPヘッダフィールドの一覧 リクエストヘッダ ヘッダ概要HTTP/0.9HTTP/1.0HTTP/1.1 Acceptクライアントの受け入れ可能コンテンツタイプを示す○○ Accept-Charsetクライアントの受け入れ可能文字セットを示す○○ Accept-Encodingクライアントの受け入れ可能文字エンコーディングを示す○○ Accept-Languageクライアントの受け入れ可能言語を示す○○ Authorizationクライアントの認証情報を示す○○ Cookieクライアントの状態管理情報をサーバに返す Cookie2HTTP/1.1のSet-Cookie2ヘッダの受け入れ可能をサーバに知らせる Expectクライアントがサーバに期待する動作を示す○ Fromリクエスト発行者個人の情報を示す。一般的に電子メールアドレスを使用する○○ Host要求しているオブジェクトがあるホストを示す○ If-Matchif文を用い条件が真の場合のみリクエストを処理するようサーバに要求する○ If-Modified-Since指定日及び指定時刻以降にオブジェクトが変更されている場合のみリクエストを処理するよう要求する○○ If-None-MatchIf-Matchの逆で条件が真でない場合のみリクエストを処理する要求○ If-Range条件が真の場合のみ指定したオブジェクトの範囲を返すようサーバに要求する○ If-Unmodified-SinceIf-Modified-Sinceの逆で真でないときのみ実行する○ Max-Forwardsリクエストの中間システム経由数を最大いくつまでかを指定する○ Proxy-Authorizationクライアントがプロキシサーバに対して自身の認証を行う○ Rangeオブジェクト全体でなくリソースの一部を要求する○ Refererリクエストの出所を示す。一般的にはユーザの辿ったWebページのURLが用いられる。○○ TEレスポンスの受け入れ可能転送エンコーディングを示す○ レスポンスヘッダ ヘッダ概要HTTP/0.9HTTP/1.0HTTP/1.1 Accept-Rangesオブジェクトの一部に対するリクエストをサーバが受け入れ可能か示す○ Ageオブジェクトの経過時間を秒単位で返す○ AllowオブジェクトがサポートするHTTPメソッドを示す○○ ETagオブジェクトのエンティティタグ値を示す○ Locationオブジェクトの場所を示す○○ Proxy-Authenticateプロキシサーバがクライアントに認証を要求するときに用いる○ Retry-Afterリクエストの再試行をいつ行うかをクライアントに通知する○○ Serverサーバのベンダー名、バージョン番号を占めす○○ Set-Cookie2サーバがクライアントにCookieを送信するときに用いる Varyサーバのレスポンス内容を決定する際にリクエストURI以外に使用したHTTPヘッダのリストを示す○ WWW-Authenticateクライアントに対してリクエストの再発行を要求する。認証情報も含まれる○○ 一般ヘッダ ヘッダ概要HTTP/0.9HTTP/1.0HTTP/1.1 Cache-Controlメッセージの経由する中間キャッシュの動作を指示する○ Connection中間システムが転送すべきでないヘッダのリストを示す○○ Dateメッセージの作成日時を示す○○ Pragmaメッセージに関する追加情報を示す○○ Trailerメッセージボディの後に追加のヘッダーが表れることを示す○ Transfer-Encodingクライアントの転送を目的としたオブジェクトのエンコーディングを示す○ Upgrade通信相手に別のプロトコルにアップデートするよう要求する○ User-AgentクライアントのWebブラウザなどの情報を示す○○ Warningメッセージに関する追加情報を示す。通常はキャッシュの問題を警告するときに使われる○ エンティティヘッダ ヘッダ概要HTTP/0.9HTTP/1.0HTTP/1.1 Content-Encodingオブジェクトのエンコーディングを示す○○ Content-Languageオブジェクトの言語（人間の言語）を示す○○ Content-Lengthオブジェクトのサイズをバイト単位で示す○○ Content-Locationオブジェクトの場所を示す○ Content-MD5オブジェクトのメッセージダイジェストを運ぶ○ Content-Rangeメッセージボディで運ばれるオブジェクトの範囲を示す○ Content-Typeオブジェクトのタイプを示す○○ Expiresオブジェクトの有効期限の日時を示す○○ Last-Modifiedオブジェクトが最後に変更された日時を示す○○ Accept サーバのレスポンスに含まれるメッセージボディで受け入れることが出来るコンテンツタイプと各コンテンツタイプの相対的な優先度を指定するリクエストヘッダ。指定できるコンテンツタイプはIANAによって定義されている。 Accept text/plain; q=0.5, text/html, text/x-dvi; q=0.8, text/x-c 上記のようにAcceptヘッダには行をわけて複数のコンテンツタイプを指定できる。上記の例はいずれの4のコンテンツタイプのいずれも受け入れ可能であることを示す。0.5や0.8といった数字は品質係数で0～1の範囲の数値である。数値の指定がなければ1.0となる。 text/plain; q=0.5 text/html text/x-dvi; q=0.8 text/x-c Accept-Charset レスポンスで返されるメッセージボディの文字コードを指定するリクエストヘッダ。Acceptと同じく複数指定でき品質係数も設定できる。定義済み文字セットはIANAが管理している。 Accept-Charset unicode, *; q=0.8 この例だとクライアントはUnicode文字セットを優先的に希望しているが他の文字セットとの相対優先度0.8で受け入れている。ただしサーバからのレスポンスのHTTPヘッダそのものの文字コードは常にISO-8859-1である。 Accept-Encoding Accept-Language レスポンスの言語（人間の言語）に対する優先度を指定する。言語コードはISO-639の2文字の省略コードを用いる。書き方は他のAccept-群と変わらず。 Accept-Language en-gb, en; q=0.8 上記の例はまずイギリス英語を要求し、利用できない場合はその他の英語を要求する。 Accept-Ranges Acceptで始まる他のヘッダフィールドと違いレスポンスヘッダーである。現在の仕様では2つの指定方法しかない。 Age リソースの推定経過時間を表示するレスポンスヘッダ。キャッシュサーバーはAgeヘッダの値からキャッシュしたリソースが有効かどうかを判定する。 Allow Authentication-info ユーザ認証のやりとりの最後で用いられる、成功したレスポンスのサーバが含めることの出来るレスポンスヘッダー。 Authorization サーバに対するクライアント自身の認証を行うことが出来る。 Cache-Control キャッシングの動作を指定するためのマスターヘッダ。 Connection Content-Encoding Content-Language リソースを英語などの自然言語で示すのに使われる。言語の指定はAccept-Languageヘッダと同じ。 Content-Length Content-Location Content-MD5 メッセージボディが変更されず宛先に届くことを保証する。MD5アルゴリズムを実行する。ただし悪意の改ざんに対しては当然MD5も改ざんされるのであまり機能はしない。どちらかといえば偶発的な変更の保証をしている。 Content-Range ダウンロードの再開に用いられる。 Content-Type メッセージボディに含まれるオブジェクトタイプを示す。次の例はリソースがテキストファイル、文字セットはISO-8859-4を使用していることを示している。 Content-Type text/plain; Charset=ISO-8859-4 Cookie クライアントがHTTP状態管理を望む場合にサーバから受け取ったクッキーを以後のリクエストに次の例のようなヘッダーを付加する。 Cookie $Version="1"; NAME="VALUE"; $Path="/shopping"; $domain="www.shop.com"+ $Port="80" $VersionはHTTPのバージョン、NAMEはクッキーの名前である。$から始まるクッキー名は使用が禁止されている。 Cookie2 基本的にCookieヘッダーとCookie2ヘッダーは別物である。 Date サーバがメッセージを生成した日時を示す。リソースの時間を示すLast-Modifiedヘッダーとは区別する必要がある。 HTTP/1.1では次のような形式を用いるようRFC1123で定義されている。 Date Sun, 06, Nov 1994 08 49 37 GMT HTTP仕様ではレスポンスにDateヘッダーを含めることを求めている。ただしレスポンスのステータスがサーバエラーの場合にはDateヘッダーは返らない。 ETag 主にキャッシングのパフォーマンスを向上する目的で使われる。 Expect サーバに対して特定の動作の期待を知らせる。用途としてはクライアントがサーバに対して100 Continueステータスを返すことを期待する場合に使われる。 Expect 100-continue サーバが期待に応じれない場合は417 Expectation Failedを返す。クライアントがいくつかのプロキシ経由で通信している場合、各プロキシサーバはExpectヘッダの一切の修正を許されない。 Expires オブジェクトの有効期限を示す。このヘッダで指定された日時までキャッシュはレスポンスのコピーを保持し、リクエストに対するレスポンスとして返すことが出来る。サーバがオブジェクトのキャッシュを望まない場合にはExpiresヘッダに過去の日時を設定することが多い。また、HTTP仕様では1年以上先の日時は設定できない。 Expires Thu, 28 Aug 2010 16 00 00 GMT Cache-Controlヘッダのmax-ageディレクティブはExpiresヘッダより優先されるため注意が必要である。 From リクエストを発行したユーザを特定することが出来る。1990年代では電子メールアドレスを設定することが多かったが、迷惑メールの問題もあり現在では殆ど使われていない。 From hoge@hogehoge.com Host 主にレンタルサーバのサポートを目的としてHTTP/1.1で導入された。現在ではHostヘッダを利用できない場合レンタルサーバのウェブサイトとまともな通信が出来ないと言ってよい（詳細はHTTP#歴史を参照）。 If-Match クライアントのリクエストを条件付きのリクエストにするために使われる。サーバは一定の条件が真であった場合のみリクエストを受け入れることが出来る。例えばウィキペディアを編集する際、記事のソースを取得し、書き換える際の間に別のユーザが既に編集していないかを判断するときなどに用いられる。 「if文」も参照 利用者：HogeがHTTPの記事を取得。ETagは1234 利用者：HageがHTTPの記事を取得。ETagは1234 利用者：HogeがHTTPのETagを再度取得。先ほど取得したETag 1234と現在のETag 1234が一致。 利用者：HogeがHTTPの記事を編集。ETagは1256になる。 利用者：HageがHTTPのETagを再度取得。先ほど取得したETagと現在のETagはマッチせず。 サーバは利用者：Hageの書き込みを拒否。 If-Modified-Since このヘッダーで指定された日時以降にオブジェクトが変更されている場合のみリクエストに応答するようサーバに要求する。リソースの削減に効果がある。 If-None-Match If-Matchと逆で条件が真でない場合のみリクエストを処理するよう要求する。 If-Range クライアントがキャッシュにオブジェクトの一部分を持っている場合にパフォーマンスを向上できる。 If-Unmodified-Since If-Modified-Sinceの逆の働きをする Last-Modified サーバオブジェクトの最終更新日時を示す。クライアントはこのヘッダを利用しIf-Modified-Sinceヘッダ等と組み合わせることによって効果を発揮する。 Location サーバがクライアントにリダイレクト先URLを知らせる際に用いられる。一般的にステータスコードが3xx代のレスポンスと共に使われるが201 Createdのレスポンスでも使うことが出来る。Content-Locationヘッダと名前が似ているが全く関係のない別のヘッダであるため注意。 Max-Forwards プロキシサーバ等を経由する際の最大ホップ数を指定する。二重ループなどでサーバから応答が得られない場合の問題解決の際、OPTIONメソッドやTRACEメソッドと共に用いられる。 HTTPステータスコード ステータスコードはクライアントのリクエストが成功したかどうかを示した上で追加情報を提供するいずれも3桁の数字から成る。具体的には100-199が情報提供、200-299が成功を示す。300-399はリダイレクト、400-499はエラーを示す。 セキュリティ技術 Basic認証 HTTP/1.1でBasic認証が定義されており最も単純なセキュリティ技術である。しかし仕様書を読むと定義を書いた著者自身が認証技術に疎いことがよくわかる。『HTTPプロトコル セキュア＆スケーラブルなWeb開発』の著者は「基本認証を用いるくらいならなにも使わない方がまし」と著書に書いている。通常サーバは401ステータスコードで応答する。 行末文字はWindowsと同じCRLF。 RFC 2818 - HTTP Over TLS RFC 2817 - Upgrading to TLS Within HTTP/1.1 RFC 2616 - HTTP/1.1 ハイパーテキスト転送プロトコル -- HTTP/1.1 RFC 2068 - HTTP/1.1（初版，RFC 2616 によって obsolete） TS X 0085 2004 - ハイパテキスト転送プロトコル HTTP/1.1 標準仕様書(TS) RFC 1945 - HTTP/1.0 HttpTea Freeware HTTP Logger Studying HTTP