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https://w.atwiki.jp/linux2ch/pages/41.html
Ubuntu Linux に関するFAQ。 Ubuntu Linux は Debian GNU/Linux を元に作られています。ubuntu 固有でないところは、Debian GNU/Linux スレッドテンプレ など Debian関係の情報を参考にするとよいでしょう。 Ubuntu Linux に関するFAQ。 2chスレの案内 過去ログ スレ立てテンプレ Ubuntu Linuxについて 公式サイト Ubuntuって何て読むの? Ubuntuってどういう意味? バージョン番号の付け方は? リリースの間隔は? 今までのバージョン名は? Ubuntuのサポート期間は? 本家ではインストールCDが数種類あるんだけど… Ubuntu と Ubuntu-ja との違いは何? Ubuntu と Kubuntu と Xubuntu と UbuntuStudio と Edubuntu の違いは何? 派生ディストリ一覧キボン Ubuntu Linux の Tips 使っていて分からないときまずどうすればいい? Live CD が起動しません Nvidia謹製のビデオドライバが突然動かなくなった 関連パッケージをまとめてインストールしたい 便利なメタパッケージを教えて テーマ一覧 メニューとウインドウが英語になる ファイアウォールの設定 Ubuntu Tweak の導入 Google Earth が起動しない。または文字化け xine-ui のメニューが文字化け ドキュメント・ビューアの文字化け対策 2chスレの案内 過去ログ 過去ログの一覧です。 スレ立てテンプレ 次のスレ立てのためのテンプレートです。 Ubuntu Linuxについて 公式サイト 公式サイト・配布元・インストール解説・サポートサイト・関連プロジェクト Ubuntuって何て読むの? ウブントゥって読みます。 Ubuntuってどういう意味? 人間同士の信頼やお互いの関わりについての南アフリカの倫理的な概念で、ズールー族、コサ族の言語からきています。 バージョン番号の付け方は? 整数部はリリース時の年の1桁目で、小数点以下は月となっています。 例えば2011年4月なら11.04となります。 リリースの間隔は? 6ヶ月毎です。 今までのバージョン名は? バージョン番号 省略したコード名 開発コード名 直訳 4.10 warty Warty Warthog いぼだらけのイボイノシシ 5.04 hoary Hoary Hedgehog 陳腐なハリネズミ 5.10 breezy Breezy Badger 陽気なアナグマ 6.06 LTS dapper Dapper Drake 敏捷なカモ 6.10 edgy Edgy Eft 鋭いイモリ 7.04 feisty Feisty Fawn 攻撃的な子鹿 7.10 gutsy Gutsy Gibbon 根性持ちのテナガザル 8.04 LTS hardy Hardy Heron 丈夫なサギ 8.10 intrepid Intrepid Ibex 勇猛な山羊 9.04 jaunty Jaunty Jackalope 軽快なツノウサギ 9.10 karmic Karmic Koala 宿業のコアラ 10.04 LTS lucid Lucid Lynx 明晰なヤマネコ 10.10 maverick Maverick Meerkat 型破りなミーアキャット 11.04 natty Natty Narwhal 粋なイッカク 11.10 oneiric Oneiric Ocelot 夢見がちな大形ヤマネコ 12.04 LTS precise Precise Pangolin 精緻なセンザンコウ 各バージョンの構成パッケージについては DistroWatch を参照してください。 Ubuntuのサポート期間は? デスクトップ版は18ヶ月、LTS(Long Term Support)版にかぎり5年にわたってセキュリティアップデートが提供されます。10.04 以前のデスクトップ LTS 版は3年です。 サーバー版は18ヶ月、サーバーのLTS版は5年です。 本家ではインストールCDが数種類あるんだけど… desktop 版は LiveCD を含めた GUI ベースのインストーラーです。 alternate版 は従来のテキストベースのインストーラーです。 server 版はサーバー向けのインストール CD です。 Ubuntu と Ubuntu-ja との違いは何? Ubuntu-ja は Ubuntu に日本向けのパッケージがあるリポジトリを追加した物です。 Ubuntu と Kubuntu と Xubuntu と UbuntuStudio と Edubuntu の違いは何? Ubuntu は Unity、Kubuntu は KDE、Xubuntu は xfce の各デスクトップ環境が使われます。 Edubuntu は学術機関向けです。UbuntuStudio はマルチメディア製作向けです。 派生ディストリ一覧キボン https //wiki.ubuntu.com/DerivativeTeam/Derivatives ディストリ名 レポジトリ パッケージ名 標準WM 最新版の元バージョン 特徴 Ubuntu 公式 ubuntu-desktop Unity precise Ubuntu Server Edition 公式 未確認 - precise サーバー用 Kubuntu 公式 kubuntu-desktop KDE precise Xubuntu 公式 xubuntu-desktop Xfce precise Lubuntu 公式 lubuntu-desktop LXDE precise Edubuntu 公式 edubuntu-desktop Unity precise 教育用 UbuntuStudio 公式 ubuntustudio-desktop Xfce precise マルチメディアの作成用 Mythbuntu 公式 mythbuntu-desktop Xfce precise MythTV用 Medibuntu 公式+Medibuntu - - precise 法的な理由でUbuntuに入ってないパッケージのレポジトリ Ubuntu Mini Remix 未確認 - - precise ISOイメージ180MB Ubuntu 日本語 Remix 公式+Ubuntu-ja ubuntu-desktop-ja Unity oneiric 日本語環境の改善 Linux Mint 公式+Linux Mint+Medibuntu mintdesktop Gnome oneiric Ecolinux 公式+Ubuntu-ja - LXDE natty 軽量 andLinux 未確認 - KDE/Xfce 未確認 coLinuxを使ったWindows向けディストロ Ubuntu Linux の Tips スレでよく聞かれる質問の抜粋です。。 以下のサイトが参考になります。 Ubuntu Tips (Ubuntu Japanese Team) Ubuntu Weekly Recipe (技術評論社) Ubuntu Magazine Japan のバックナンバーPDF 使っていて分からないときまずどうすればいい? 一般的な事については システム- ヘルプとサポート に大概のことはのっています(かなりの部分が未翻訳なので注意)。 アプリケーションについてはそのアプリケーションのメニューの ヘルプ(H) を開き、 目次(C) を選択してください(ほとんど英語)。 コマンドや関数についての文章は システム- ヘルプとサポート- Advanced Topics- ターミナル・コマンドリファレンス (man pages) やシステム- ヘルプとサポート- Advanced Topics- GNU Info ページ にあります(コマンド上で man コマンド名 、 info コマンド名 でも可能)。man pagesを日本語化するにはmanpages-jaやmanpages-ja-devが必要です。 Live CD が起動しません 起動メニュー から、まず「CDの異常をチェック」でメディアチェックしてください。 つぎに同じ画面から「その他のオプション」を選択し、ブートオプションに acpi=off apm=off noapic xforcevesa を加えてみてください(多くの場合、acpi=off だけで解決すると思います)。 ブートオプション一覧は https //help.ubuntu.com/community/BootOptions にあります。 Nvidia謹製のビデオドライバが突然動かなくなった パッケージで提供されているNvidia謹製のビデオドライバをインストールするには、起動するカーネルバージョンの linux-source と linux-headers のパッケージが必要です。これらが無い状態でカーネルのアップデートやアップグレードをすると、Xの起動に失敗することがあります。こうなってしまった場合、セーフモードで起動するなどして、linux-source と linux-headers をインストールしてください。正しい依存関係が満たされると、nvidiaドライバのビルドが自動的に行われます。ビルドが行われたのを確認した後、 $ sudo nvidia-xconfig とすれば xorg.conf が作成されます。再起動に成功したら sudo nvidia-settings で xorg.conf をカスタマイズできます。 関連パッケージをまとめてインストールしたい 注意 インストールが終わった後画面が固まることがあります。 SSHサーバーやLAMP環境(Linux、Apache、MySQL、PerlもしくはPHPもしくはPython) などを構築するために一連のパッケージ群をまとめて導入するにはtaskselコマンドが便利です。 必要なパッケージを導入するには「sudo tasksel」コマンドを実行して必要なソフトウェアをスペースキーで選択肢し Enterキーで決定します。以下のリストは10.04(lucid)であらかじめ用意されているものです。 以下の定義済みソフトウェアコレクションからインストールするものを1つ以上選択できます。 インストールするソフトウェアの選択: (中略) [ ] DNS サーバ [ ] Edubuntu server [ ] LAMP server [ ] メールサーバ [ ] OpenSSH server [ ] PostgreSQL database [ ] 印刷サーバ [ ] Samba file server [ ] Tomcat Java server [ ] Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud (instance) [ ] Virtual Machine host [ ] 2D/3D creation and editing suite [ ] Audio creation and editing suite [ ] Edubuntu KDE desktop [ ] Edubuntu desktop [ ] Kubuntu desktop [ ] Kubuntu netbook [ ] LADSPA and DSSI audio plugins [ ] Large selection of font packages [ ] Mythbuntu additional roles [ ] Mythbuntu frontend [ ] Mythbuntu master backend [ ] Mythbuntu slave backend [ ] Ubuntu Netbook [ ] Ubuntu desktop [ ] Video creation and editing suite [ ] Xubuntu desktop [ ] Edubuntu live DVD [ ] Kubuntu Netbook Remix live CD [ ] Kubuntu live CD [ ] Kubuntu live DVD [ ] Ubuntu Netbook live environment [ ] Ubuntu live CD [ ] Ubuntu live DVD [ ] Xubuntu live CD [ ] Manual package selection 便利なメタパッケージを教えて レポジトリ パッケージ名 主に入るパッケージ 説明 公式(main) ubuntu-desktop gimp,inkscapeなど GNOMEのデスクトップ環境/アプリ 公式(main) kubuntu-desktop KDEのデスクトップ環境/アプリ 公式(universe) xubuntu-desktop xfceのデスクトップ環境/アプリ 公式(universe) edubuntu-desktop 教育用のデスクトップ環境/アプリ 公式(main) build-essential gccなど 開発者向けパッケージ 公式(universe) ubuntustudio-desktop UbuntuStudioのデスクトップ環境/アプリ 公式(universe) ubuntustudio-audio 音声編集向けパッケージ 公式(universe) ubuntustudio-video 動画編集向けパッケージ 公式(universe) ubuntustudio-graphics 静止画編集向けパッケージ 公式(multiverse) mythbuntu-desktop Mythbuntuのデスクトップ環境/アプリ 公式(multiverse) ubuntu-restricted-extras flashやsunのjavaプラグインなど よく使われる制限されたパッケージ 公式(multiverse) kubuntu-restricted-extras 同上 同上(Kubuntu用) 公式(multiverse) xubuntu-restricted-extras 同上 同上(Xubuntu用) テーマ一覧 テーマ名 メタパッケージ 説明 Human - ubuntuの標準 Blubuntu blubuntu-look Peace peace-look Tropic tropic-look メニューとウインドウが英語になる [システム→言語サポート]でメニューとウインドウの言語を変更できます。言語サポートがインストールされてない場合は、9.10 以前では gnome-language-selector、10.04以降では language-selector をインストールしてください。language-selectorで日本語を有効にするには、「言語」タブで日本語をインストールし、「メニューとウインドウの言語」で「日本語」を「English」の上にマウスでドラッグして移動してください。インストール済みの言語でも、「English」の下にあるエントリは無視されます(無効なエントリは薄い文字で表示されます)。 ファイアウォールの設定 gufw で手軽に設定できます。gufw は iptables を設定する ufw コマンド の GUIフロントエンドです。 $ sudo apt-get install gufw Ubuntu Tweak の導入 Ubuntu Tweak はデスクトップやシステムのいろいろな設定を GUI で行えるツール集で、多くの機能は GNOME 向けです。GNOME 以外でも機能は限定されますが使えます。とくにサードパーティのレポジトリが簡単に設定できて便利です。 「パッケージクリーナー」というのがあって、「不要な」パッケージや設定ファイルをリストアップしますが、削除すると実用上支障ありそうなものまでリストアップするので、あまり信用せず、よく調べてから削除するようにしましょう。ダウンロードキャッシュは全部消しても大丈夫です。 インストールについては以下のサイトを参考にしてください。 Ubuntu Weekly Recipe 第6回 (gihyo.jp) https //gihyo.jp/admin/serial/01/ubuntu-recipe/0006?page=2 Google Earth が起動しない。または文字化け KDEのページ を参照してください。Kubuntu 以外のディストリビューションでは左の手順以外に、あらかじめ Qt4 のライブラリ群のインストールも必要です。 $ sudo apt-get install libqtcore4 libqtgui4 libqt4-network libqt4-webkit xine-ui のメニューが文字化け $ LANG=C xine とすると英語メニューで起動しますが、面倒なので日本語設定ファイルを削除してしまいましょう。 $ sudo rm /usr/share/locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES/xine-ui.mo ドキュメント・ビューアの文字化け対策 Evinceの文字化け対策 (Ubuntu Japanese Wiki) 9.04 の Evince で日本語 PDF を表示するには、poppler-data をインストールします。 $ sudo apt-get install poppler-data
https://w.atwiki.jp/lud-p/pages/25.html
jail fulltree 10.0-Release jail fulltree 10.0-Release mainte 用 jail fulltree の構築 base バイナリの構築 jail fulltree の初期設定 jail fulltree の稼動 自動起動設定 jail fulltree の整備 portsnap で ports の更新 portsの自動メンテナンス ports メンテナンス結果のメール送信 pkg_replace のインストール portconf のインストール ports の脆弱性チェック設定 ports の脆弱性チェック結果のメール送信 sendmail の設定 freebsd-update 自動更新設定 資料 アーカイブ 関連ページ FreeBSD 10.0-Releaseにjail fulltreeを導入した時の備忘的まとめです 今後、このfulltreeを使用して minitree を作成していきます jail fulltree 8.2-Release (i386+512M) mainte jail fulltree 8.1-RELEASE common jailstp 以上のサイトを参考にさせていただいております 基本的にはwirednoize様のmainte jail fulltree のそのままです ですので、詳細はmainte jail fulltree 8.1-RELEASEを参照してください mainte 用 jail fulltree の構築 HOST環境での作業 base バイナリの構築 ftp サーバよりrelease/baseファイルを取得して、jail環境を構築します bsdinstall jail を使用したかったのですが、ダウンロードするアドレスに間違いあって動かなかったので、従来の方法で構築します base バイナリ展開用ディレクトリを作成します # mkdir /tmp/base # cd /tmp/base base.txzを取得します日本のミラーサーバは数字なし[ftp]と2-9の番号つき[ftp2]~[ftp9]がありますので、適宜変更してください # fetch ftp //ftp.jp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/10.0-RELEASE/base.txz jail fulltree 用ディレクトリを作成しますzfs でディレクトリを切り分けます # zfs create tank0/jail # zfs create -o mountpoint=/home/mainte tank0/jail/mainte100 base バイナリを展開します # cat base.txz | tar --unlink -xpJf - -C /home/mainte ↑ jail fulltree の初期設定 設定のため、起動させます # mount -t devfs devfs /home/mainte/dev # jail /home/mainte test.localdomain 192.168.100.90 /bin/tcsh JAIL環境での作業 起動時の警告を抑制するため、空の/etc/fstabファイルを作成します # touch /etc/fstab sendmailの警告を抑制するため/etc/mail/aliases.dbを生成します # newaliases rc.confの設定をします # vi /etc/rc.conf network_interface="" rpcbind_enable="NO" inet_enable="NO" syslogd_flags="-ss" sshd_enable="NO" sendmail_enable="NO" sendmail_submit_enable="NO" sendmail_outbound_enable="NO" sendmail_msp_queue_enable="NO" resolv.conf の設定をします # echo nameserver 192.168.1.1 /etc/resolv.conf root のログインシェルを変更しますjexec を使用して jail fulltree に入るので ログインシェルを無しにします # vipw root 0 0 0 0 Charlie /root /usr/sbin/nologin toor * 0 0 0 0 Bourne-again Superuser /root /usr/sbin/nologin 上記2行のみ変更 タイムゾーンを変更します # cp -p /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Tokyo /etc/localtime crontab を編集します # vi /etc/crontab # SHELL=/bin/sh PATH=/etc /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin HOME=/var/log # #minute hour mday month wday who command 1 0 * * * root newsyslog その他は削除 newsyslog を編集します # vi /etc/newsyslog.conf # logfilename [owner group] mode count size when flags [/pid_file][sig_num] /var/log/all.log 600 7 * @T00 - その他は削除 ログを設定します # echo *.* /var/log/all.log /etc/syslog.conf # touch /var/log/all.log # chmod 600 /var/log/all.log /etc/hosts.allowをすべて拒否に変更します # echo ALL ALL deny /etc/hosts.allow /etc/make.confを設定しますX等のグラフィック関係、IPV6など使用しないものを無効にし、マルチバイト関数はないとハマルとのことSUPHOST と MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE は、CVSup サイト一覧 と ftp サイト一覧 から日本のサイトを選択WRKDIRPREFIX と DISTDIR の設定は、/usr/ports ディレクトリをを綺麗にしておくのに必須とのこと最適化のためCPUTYPE CFLAGS COPTFLAGS を設定/usr/share/example/etc/make.confと/usr/share/mk/bas.cpu.mkを参考にCPUTYPEをnoconaに設定しました # vi /etc/make.conf WITHOUT_X11=yes WITHOUT_GUI=yes NO_X=true WITHOUT_IPV6=yes WITH_MBSTRING=yes SUPHOST=cvsup3.jp.freebsd.org MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE=ftp //ftp3.jp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR} WRKDIRPREFIX=/tmp DISTDIR=/tmp/distfiles CPUTYPE=nocona CFLAGS= -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe COPTFLAGS= -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe Jail環境での作業を終了します # exit ↑ jail fulltree の稼動 HOST環境での作業 自動起動設定 jail共通起動停止シェルスクリプトの設置jail共通起動停止シェルスクリプトから最新の common_Njailstp.file.?.?.gz をダウンロードします解凍して common_Njailstp.file にファイル名を変更後、/usr/local/etc/rc.d におきます 自動起動用スクリプトの設定 # vi /usr/local/etc/rc.d/mainte90_jail.sh #!/bin/sh #--------------------------------------- Jid="240" Secu="-1" NtwkIF="lo0" HsFQDN="mainte90.localdomain" IPAdrs="192.168.1.240 BDcast="192.168.1.240" NTmask="255.255.255.255" PsName="mainte90" ChRoot="/home/$PsName" MTdpnf="$ChRoot/dev /tmp/$PsName/tmp $ChRoot/tmp" #---------------------------------------------------------------------- BFsrtJ="/bin/mkdir -p /tmp/$PsName/tmp/distfiles /bin/chmod 1777 /tmp/$PsName/tmp" /sbin/mount -t zfs tank0/ports /home/$PsName/usr/ports" AFsrtJ="" BFstpJ="jexec Jid /bin/sh /etc/rc.shutdown" AFstpJ="/bin/rm -rf /tmp/$PsName" Jstcom="/bin/sh /etc/rc" #--------------------------------------- . /usr/local/etc/rc.d/common_Njailstp.file jailstartop $1 実行権限付与 chmod u+x /usr/local/etc/rc.d/mainte_jail.sh 起動・停止 /usr/local/etc/rc.d/mainte_jaile.sh start /usr/local/etc/rc.d/mainte_jaile.sh stop ↑ jail fulltree の整備 maintenance 用 jail fulltree を起動します # /usr/local/etc/rc.d/mainte_jail.sh start # jexec 240 /bin/tcsh portsnap で ports の更新 JAIL環境での作業 portsnap を起動して ports の更新をします初回 # portsnap fetch portsnap extract portsnap update 2回目以降 # portsnap fetch portsnap update ↑ portsの自動メンテナンス portsnap fetch の代わりに portsnap cron を使ったスクリプトを記述します portsnap の実行ログを保存します 後で、ログローテーションの対象にするので、ひたすら追記書きさせます portsnap を cron で流して ports の自動更新をします。 portsnap の自動更新スクリプト # mkdir /root/update # cd /root/update # vi ports_update_cron.sh #!/bin/sh LogFile="/var/log/ports_update.log" echo "### `date` ###" $LogFile /usr/sbin/portsnap cron $LogFile 2 1 /usr/sbin/portsnap update $LogFile 2 1 echo "### `date` ###" $LogFile portsnap の手動更新スクリプト # vi port_update.sh #!/bin/sh /usr/sbin/portsnap fetch /usr/sbin/portsnap update 実行権の付与 # chmod u+x ports_update.sh ports_update_cron.sh crontab の設定適当な頻度で ports の自動更新が走るように設定を追記します vi /etc/crontab # portsnap ports_update 1 9 * * 1,4 root /root/update/ports_update_cron.sh /dev/null 2 1 ログローテーション設定portsnap のログローテーション設定を 追記します vi /etc/newsyslog.conf # logfilename [owner group] mode count size when flags [/pid_file][sig_num] /var/log/all.log 600 7 * @T00 - /var/log/ports_update.log 600 7 1 * N ↑ ports メンテナンス結果のメール送信 ports 更新の有無を簡単に知る為に、定期的に portversion のコマンド結果をメールで送信します mail コマンドを使ってメールを送信するスクリプト # vi portvermail.sh #!/bin/sh #------------------------------------------ MailTO="root" MilTmp=/tmp/pkgversion.txt MilHed="mainte pkg version list" #------------------------------------------ echo $MilHed $MilTmp echo "" $MilTmp /usr/sbin/pkg_version -v $MilTmp cat $MilTmp | /usr/bin/mail -s "$MilHed" $MailTO 実行権の付与 chmod u+x portvermail.sh ports_update_cron.sh へ追加 echo /root/update/portvermail.sh ports_update_cron.sh ↑ pkg_replace のインストール ports の更新やインストールに pkg_replace を入れます ports からインストールとハッシュテーブルの再構築 # cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg_replace # make install clean # rehash ↑ portconf のインストール portをインストールする際の設定をmake install でも同じくするためのツールだそうです pkg_replace コマンドでインストールします。 # pkg_replace -vcCN ports-mgmt/portconf ↑ ports の脆弱性チェック設定 ports ソフトウェアの脆弱性をチェックします 脆弱性のチェック # pkg audit -F ↑ ports の脆弱性チェック結果のメール送信 毎日 pkg audit のチェック結果をメールで報告させます mail コマンドを使ってメールを送信するスクリプトを記述します #cd /root/update #vi pkg_auditmail.sh #!/bin/sh RanDOM=`jot -r 1 1 1800` /bin/sleep $RanDOM #------------------------------------------ MailTO="root" MilTmp="/tmp/pkg_audit.txt MilHed="pkg audit report" #------------------------------------------ echo $MilHed $MilTmp echo "" $MilTmp /usr/sbin/pkg audit -F $MilTmp cat $MilTmp | /usr/bin/mail -s "$MilHed" $MailTO 実行権の付与 chmod u+x pkg_auditmail.sh crontab の設定適当な頻度で ports の自動更新が走るように設定を追記します vi /etc/crontab # pkg audit 1 5 * * * root /root/update/pkg_auditmail.sh /dev/null 2 1 ↑ sendmail の設定 結果メールを送信する為に sendmail を起動し、送信後に sendmail を止めるスクリプトを作成します 全拒否の hosts.allow # vi /root/update/hosts.allow_deny ALL ALL deny sendmail許可の hosts.allow # vi /root/update/hosts.allow_mail sendmail localhost allow sendmail 192.168.1.90 allow sendmail .localdomain allow ALL ALL deny sendmail 完全停止用の rc.conf cp /etc/rc.conf rc.conf_none sendmail 起動用の rc.conf現在の /etc/rc.confを流用します # cp /etc/rc.conf rc.conf_mail # sed -i -e "/^sendmail_/d" /root/update/rc.conf_mail # echo sendmail_enable="NO" /root/update/rc.conf_mail メールの転送設定 echo admin@localdomain /root/.forward メール送信シェルスクリプトの作成# vi resend.sh #!/bin/sh cp -p /root/update/rc.conf_mail /etc/rc.conf cp -p /root/update/hosts.allow_mail /etc/hosts.allow sh /etc/rc.sendmail start sleep 6 sh /etc/rc.sendmail stop sleep 4 pkill sendmail cp -p /root/update/hosts.allow_deny /etc/hosts.allow cp -p /root/update/rc.conf_none /etc/rc.conf 実行権付与 # chmod u+x resend.sh portvermail.sh の変更メール送信シェルスクリプトの起動を追記します echo /root/update/resend.sh /root/update/portvermail.sh portauditmail.sh の変更メール送信シェルスクリプトの起動を追記します echo /root/update/resend.sh /root/update/portauditmail.sh ↑ freebsd-update 自動更新設定 freebsd-updateがディレクトリ指定で updateできるようなのでその機能を利用します Jail環境での作業を終了します # exit HOST環境での作業 freebsd-updateスクリプトの設定freebsd-update fetch の代わりに freebsd-update cron という cron 動作用のコマンドを使用しますまた HOST は cron(fetch) のみ jail は install まで行います # mkdir /root/update # cd /root/update # vi freebsd-update_cron.sh #!/bin/sh ### HOST用 /usr/sbin/freebsd-update cron #/usr/sbin/freebsd-update install ### mainte jail用 /usr/sbin/freebsd-update -b /home/mainte90 -d /home/mainte90/var/db/freebsd-update fetch /usr/sbin/freebsd-update -b /home/mainte90 -d /home/mainte90/var/db/freebsd-update install 実行権付与 chmod u+x freebsd-update_cron.sh crontab の設定適当な頻度で freebsd-update が起動するように追記します vi /etc/crontab # freebsd-update 0 6 * * 2,4,6 root /root/freebsd-update_cron.sh /var/log/freebsd-update.log 2 1 freebsd-update の結果をメール送信freebsd-update cron が実行されて何らかのアップデートがあった場合、ローカルの root 宛にメールを出してくれる機能が組み込まれているので、特別な作業はありません メールの転送設定ローカルのroot宛にメールを出してくれるので、普段使うアドレスへ転送する設定をします echo admin@localdomain /root/.forward 資料 アーカイブ mainte jail fulltree 8.1-RELEASE (2011-09-10 15 15 28) common jailstp (2012-09-05 13 54 52) ↑ 関連ページ ↑ 名前 コメント
https://w.atwiki.jp/hellishlondon/pages/40.html
Second Developer Chat Planned For 4PM, February 8th LOG 口語体チックなので細かな意味が把握できない箇所がありますが、まぁ超訳wってことでチマチマ訳していきます。 Scapes-Flagship Welcome, Hellgaters one and all! Welcome to this, the second Developer Chat Event. In order to ask the developers a question, enter the following text /msg DevBot QUESTION with QUESTION being your question. The bot is now unlocked and ready for your questions! ようこそ、第二回開発者チャットイベントにきてくれたヘルゲイター諸君!開発者に質問するためには /msg DevBot QUESTION で、質問を入力してくれ。botは今Unlockされて、君たちの質問を受付中。 Scapes-Flagship Again, that is "/msg DevBot QUESTION" without the quotes. もう一度書くけど、"/msg DevBot QUESTION"でお願い。クォーテーションは省いてね。 Scapes-Flagship We will be starting in about three minutes. あと3分くらいしたら始めるよー。 Scapes-Flagship It is 4PM here at Flagship Studios and we would like to welcome you all to this Hellgate London Developer Chat Event! This is the second DevChat we ve had and it looks to be a big one! そんじゃ4時になったので、~(省略)~第二回開発者チャットイベントを開催シマス。 Scapes-Flagship We have a host of developers ready to answer your burning questions about Hellgate London. 開発者達の準備が整いましたので、Hellgae Londonについての君たちの燃え盛る疑問に答えよう。 BRoper Hey everyone! Welcome to the chat! ようこそ皆さん、私がピザです。 Bogustus Hey everyone! よぁ、みんな。 TaylorFSS`work Hey all ) よぉ。 Dave_Glenn hello all やぁ。 AlanHu Hey everyone ] やぁ、みんな。 Question DevBot InnerVisions 10 4asks10 What happened to the random quests that were planned for the game? Is there any plans to add them in a future update? ランダムクエストって将来的に導入しないの? Answer Bogustus We ve been talking about these more recently. I can t guarantee one way or another, but they definitely on our radar. 最近そういった事について議論してきたんだけど、保証は出来ないなァ。でも視野には入ってるよ。 BRoper We ve been looking at a lot of thngs to get into the game during the upcomgin updates, and the re-introduction of random quests is currently in discussion. We know that players want more non-linear content, so we re looking into all sorts of ideas. 近々導入予定のupdateで、そういったものを多く見かけてるよ。プレイヤーがもっと単発のクエストがやりたいってのはわかってるしね。だから、整理したアイデアを現在検討中なんだ。 Question DevBot Amarra 10 4asks10 Many single-player users are feeling neglected due to the slow rate of single-player patching and the inability to purchase subscriber content for single-player. Can you tell us anything about your future plans for single-player that might reassure us we re not second-class citizens? Single Palyerって待遇悪くないですか?パッチ遅いし、Subscriber専用のコンテンツだってやってみたいです。Single Playerの扱いは、将来的にどうなのかお聞かせ願えますか? Answer BRoper We ve been focusing our efforts on the online portion of the game ssince that is where we see the most players across all of our markets (US/EU/Asia), but some of the work we ve done will translate into the singleplayer experience. Unfortunately the time and testing it takes to do a single-player patch is large, and runs counter to the online testing and patching. We ve been waiting to batch a larger amount of meaningful SP content into BRoper ...so when we have the next round of Class cchnages in - for example - we ll schedule out some time to get a patch out that will mean something to our SP gamers. Question DevBot Sp3tSnAz 10 4asks10 You have said before that there will be some sort of additional "perks" for the founders. As of yet, we have not seen, nor do we know about any of these perks or of when they are to come. Can you give us some idea on when and if we will be seeing anything, as well as what those perks could be? Answer Bogustus We have been working on a couple new items for founders. They aren t quite ready yet, but I think that they are pretty cool. Bogustus I don t have a date for them - we are trying to wait until things are closer to finished before give any dates. Question DevBot Sp3tSnAz 10 4asks10 With areas like Stonehenge it is apparent that you are looking more towards the end game players in Hellgate. However Stonehenge as an area was kind of short lived and other than just farming could be completed within days. What sort of areas or ideas are you looking to add in the future particularly regarding the end game portion of Hellgate London to keep players occupied for long periods of time? Answer BRoper We re looking into more non-linear elements that can be enjoyed not only throughout the course of the game play, but also for the end game. PvP is getting a huge amount of attention now since that is something that players love to do well past when they have finished leveling. We ve got some other ideas up oyur sleeves that we ll be talking about when we get closer. BRoper So yes - we re working on a lot of things right now - and we aren t ready to talk about all of them. We have learned it is better to wait until we can show you guys things in Test Center (or are close) rather than discuss ideas which then become LAW! ;) Question DevBot Lugard 10 4asks10 Are there any plans to allows us to replay quests (without Quest Rewards), so we can fight bosses such as the museum Emporer (Gulkar?) and Sydonia without interrupting the main quest chain, and of course help others with the Wall Quest? Answer Bogustus In Patch 1.1 we added the ability to replay these boss runs. We haven t been working much on The Wall, but the rest should make for some fun farming. Question DevBot [EM]True 10 4asks10 Will a shared stash or a mailing system be implemented soon? 共有倉庫とメール機能はまだ~~? Answer BRoper The in-game email system is the top priority of that group right now. We ve all been wanting it in for a while as it is also the core of our consignment house / auction system. We ll see this much sooner rather than later - no date, but definitely on the visible horizon. emailは最優先のひとつで、オークションハウスも同じ。laterじゃなくてmuch soonerで使えるようになるよ。(最後がちょっと意味不明) Question Scapes-Flagship Naturzauberer asks The skill descriptions in the game are pretty weak, for example you don t know how strong a fire elemental is, how much damage it does, etc. Same goes for all the other pets. Neither do you know how much damage your evoker foci are doing when casting a spell. And the "rating" of a weapon doesn t really say anything (most players think it s useless and confusing), so why don t you replace it with the actual スキル説明が貧相で・・・何とかなりませんか? Answer BRoper The skills descriptions are undergoing a pass to make them more readable and more informative. You ll see our first step towards this with the Marskman skills in the upcoming 1.2 patch when it hits test center. We re also looking at changing the Skill UI to make things much more readable. Skillの説明文はもっとわかりやすいように直してるとこだよ。Patch1.2ではさっそくMarksmanは改善予定。 Question DevBot ForgottenSpiral 10 4asks10 Do you have plans to add shrines back into the game? Answer AlanHu Shrines are definitely on our list of new additions. However, we re still looking at ways to improve upon the ways in which they ll affect gameplay ) Question DevBot Syllvir 10 4asks10 What is your direction and future for HGL. Are you wanting to take it in more a MMORPG route or an ARPG route. MMOとかARPGとかの道はないの? Answer Bogustus Sometimes games don t fit well into the current categories, and that can spark a lot of debate. ゲームが今時のカテゴリーに合わないことがあれば、たくさん議論をする余地はあるってことだよ。 Bogustus What are we working on? We are adding new things to the game on many fronts, but we are place a lot of focus on the multiplayer features like e-mail, auctions, PVP, etc... 僕たちだって、どんどん新しい物を追加しようとしてるし。e-mailとかオークション、PvP等いろいろとね。 Question DevBot `Sunar 10 4asks10 QUESTION Why are people forced to go through normal to get to Elite. Rushing people through normal to get to Elite is very boring for all parties when we just all want to play together on Elite. ノーマルクリアしないとエリート無理とか、ダルいんすけどw Answer Bogustus Anyone who has played Elite knows that it would be pretty brutal for a newbie player. So, we decided to have people earn it. Also, it is one of the few account-wide rewards that we have for beating the game. Eliteプレイヤーなら、初心者にとってEliteは辛いってわかるはずだよ。だからそういう制限を設けたんだ。それに一度クリアすればEliteがプレイできるってのはご褒美なのさ。 Question DevBot Crysalim 10 4asks10 Currently, if a mob is 10 or more levels above you, it is almost impossible to kill. Is this intended? It is most noticable in late nightmare. モンスターのレベルが10上だと、倒すのってほとんど不可能ですよね? Answer AlanHu It isn t intended that the endgame monster s are almost impossible to kill solely due to the level gap, but that isn t to say that endgame monsters shouldn t be very challenging. ゲームクリアが不可能だとは思わないなァ。でもさ、仮にそうだとしても、チャレンジ精神で(ry AlanHu I think there s quite a bit of misunderstanding when it comes to what players feel they "should" be fighting comfortably at the later stages of the game. However, we are constantly keeping an eye on tuning the balance of monsters throughout Hellgate. 少し誤解があるようだけど、プレイヤーが楽勝でゲームをクリアするべきだを感じるようになってきた時は、ヘルゲート全体を通してモンスターのバランス調整するように、いつも注意しているんだ。 Question DevBot Blccdy 10 4asks10 Who is "Psych Mon."? This name is mentioned in about 10 NPC descriptions. Phych Monって誰ですか?10人のNPCでこの単語を目にしたんですが? Answer Scapes-Flagship Psych Mon. is the name of an organization which has profiles on many of the NPCs. Phych Monってのは組織の名前だよ。 Scapes-Flagship You can read these profiles by checking out the "gossip" for NPCs via the radial dial menu. ダイアルメニューでgossipが読めるから、よくチェックしてみてごらん。 Question DevBot lpmcraw 10 4asks10 what will be your next move concerning pvp? will you change the characters balance especially for pvp? PvPは、次はどんなのがあるの?バランス変更とかってないの? Answer Bogustus We are working on some team PvP games. We are still in the early stages of work on this - it something that takes a lot of iteration. team PvPを考えているんだけど、まだ取り掛かったばかりでね。繰り返し作業やってるところなんだ。 Bogustus As far as character balance... None of us want to see the skills squashed into very boring or bland shapes for PvP. We also don t want to have one or two strategies dominate. Bogustus We are hoping that the new PvP features won t require much adjustment in the skills, but we will have to see how things play out. バランスに限っては・・・定番の戦術で終わってしまうようなPvPは飽きちゃうんだよね。新しく考えているのは、Skill調整を必要としないPvP。 Question DevBot Syllvir 10 4asks10 What in the game gives you guys the warm fuzzies? What are you most proud of? Answer Bogustus I really enjoy working on the skills. It is something that I loved in Diablo 2, and it is still my favorite thing in Hellgate London. Question DevBot Loran 10 4asks10 In patch 1.0 the Evoker got a major overhaul. Wich class will be worked on next? 1.0でEvoker、次はどのクラス? Answer Bogustus We have made some very exciting changes to the Marksman. We will be making a post about the specifics soon. Marksman。 Bogustus Some people saw a little "preview" of when we accidentally patched some strings into Test Center a couple weeks ago. 2週間前にミスってTC Patch Noteに書いてた部分を、偶然見た人がいるみたい Bogustus Some highlights Grenade Synergies and Sniper Mode improvements いくつか挙げると、Grenadeの梃入れ、Sniperの改善とかかな。 Question DevBot Jindujun 10 4asks10 There has been alot of questions regarding the M rating of the game as alot of players feel it isnt really living up to the M rating when it comes to blood and gore. Are there any plans on increasing the blood and gore in the game? Maybe add some zombified children. もっと血しぶきを!もっとゾンビチルドレンを! Answer Dave_Glenn Ratings are an interesting challenge... we localized to so many countries and it seems every one has it s own ideas on what s offensive. M ratingは興味深い。アイディアを持ってるようだね。 Dave_Glenn Given our history, we like the gritty violence and settings, but not the point of being "shocking" just for the hell of it. 経験から言うと、暴力シーンとかそういう設定は勿論好きだけど、必ずしもそれはショッキングな印象を与えるようなツボじゃないんだよね Dave_Glenn Zombie children sounds cool though. ;) だが、Zombie Childrenはクールだ。 Question DevBot eu_n3cron_hce 10 4asks10 will you add the HELL difficulty? Hellは追加しないの? Answer Bogustus We don t currently have plans to make a Hell difficulty. We ve ramped the monster difficulty up to the end of Nightmare and it is already too challenging at the end of that. 今そのプランはないねぇ。Nightmareの最後がそんな感じだし。 Bogustus We are trying to make the end of Nightmare a little more reasonably balanced right now. Nightmareの最後をもう少しバランス調整するよ。 Question DevBot [SF]Ayan 10 4asks10 We missed the x-mas event that we thought was going to happen... What ingame events are planned for this year? X-masイベント~(省略)~今年は予定ないの? Answer Bogustus As you guys have seen, we have had a real challenge getting holiday events to happen. Bogustus The difficulty is that it creates a hard deadline when builds have to be completed. Also, it requires that we make a bunch of content that goes away after a couple days. Bogustus We are trying to stop rushing builds, and we are focusing on content that will stay around for a long time. Bogustus I feel bad about it. I wish that we had more time and resources to work on it, but I think that it is the best choice right now. Question DevBot kazanokizu 10 4asks10 ive read hours and hours and hundereds of pages about the "cow level" and still havent found a definitive answer as to whether it exists or if there is an analog to it in hellgate. so is there? Cow Levelのページ読むのに、すげー時間かかったんすけどw 正式な回答ってあるんですか? Answer Dave_Glenn There is no spoon. TaylorFSS`work Moooooooooooooooo!!!!!! Scapes-Flagship Moo. Bogustus Moomoo Scapes-Flagship These are not the droids you are looking for. Bogustus What does the gem do? Question DevBot Sp3tSnAz 10 4asks10 It seems that from the current item levels that you will one day raise the level cap. How will you handle the balance of additional skill points being available for each of the classes and will this mean that down the road we could see a new set of skills available for the existing classes? In regards to this, if ever you did add new skills, how would you go about the balance between subscribers and non subscri Answer Bogustus In our next patch we plan on fixing the fact that several items require over level 50. 次のパッチで、50+のアイテムが要求するステータスを修正する予定だよ。 Bogustus As far as new skills... We are hoping that when we add new skills it will just present more options to subscribers and not necessarily make them more powerful. Bogustus Balance, however, is a tricky thing. Bogustus The goal here is to create more builds for the subscribers. Question DevBot PlatinumDevil 10 4asks10 This may anger subscribers, but are there any plans to improve/extend the out-of-the-box game for non-subscribers? Can non-subs expect anything more from HGL? Subscriberは怒るかもしれないけど、改善とか拡張とか、non-Scbscriberはもう期待は出来ないですか? Answer Bogustus Right now we are working in several directions we are fixing bugs, we are rebalancing things in the box game and we are adding new features for subscribers. いくつか進行中で・・・バグフィックス、バランス再調整、それからSubscriberへの新要素とか。 Bogustus Some things - I m pretty sure that e-mail is included in this - will be available to non-subscribers. 例えば・・・メール機能とかはnon-subscriberでも利用できる予定だよ。 Question DevBot Voska 10 4asks10 most people have Most found the recipies for the tranmografire Cube however there are still i belive 6 that are not known is it possible to get some insite as to what these might be or even if they are in the game yet? Sbscriber専用箱のレシピがあと6つ(?)無いんですけど、実装されてないんですか? Answer Bogustus We are working on some more recipies for the Cube for an upcoming patch. There is still a ton of potential in that magic box. キューブレシピは、もうすぐ来るパッチでいくつか追加予定だよ。キューブには、まだまだ腐るほどの秘めた能力があるんだよ Bogustus The missing recipies... I don t want to give those away... 失われたレシピとか・・・・まぁこれ以上言うのは野暮ってもんさ。 Question Scapes-Flagship Whoa indeed. Slight hiccup with the bot. Scapes-Flagship Akusan asks With the reworking of the Evoker class, and the feedback based changes in 1.1, I wonder if this is going to become more of the norm in the way of game development. Are you planning on reworking other aspects of the game using similar feedback in the future? Answer Bogustus We have a nice set of changes coming up for the Marksman. I m hoping to see these sit in Test Center for a week in order to get feedback and iterate on them before going live with that build. Question DevBot Huntyre 10 4asks10 Is anything currently in the works to make hce more playable... things like lagspikes have been plauging the hc community HCEだとよくラグで死ぬんで、コミュニティが病んでます。 Answer Bogustus Lag spikes come in many shapes and forms. Bogustus Some of them are server lag - we ve got some solutions for the last few issues that we see with this. Bogustus Some of them are framerate issues on your machine - we keep optimizing the graphics, but if you are really concerned about this, then you might want to turn down your graphics settings. Bogustus Sometimes lag comes from a bad connection from you to our servers. I don t have a great answer for this one. I can say that we have many people playing from far, far away from our servers and several have mentioned that they are surprised at how well it works. Bogustus I hate the Lag Monster too. We will keep trying to squash each form he takes, but it is an ongoing battle. Question DevBot Inarai 10 4asks10 When you rebalance the Blademaster, have you considered adding some sort of dodge-based skillset? BMのスキル調整してよ。 スキルに回避とか取り入れて欲しいです。 Answer Bogustus Hmm... The Guardian really is the King of Survival. We have several cool ideas for improving the Blademaster, but most of them focus on polishing the current skills - much like we did with the Evoker. Bogustus When it comes to thinking about new skills for this class, I think that we need to stick with the Blademaster s philosophy of "A good offense is the best defense." Question DevBot Demonos 10 4asks10 QUESTION Is there any chance we ll see some sort of fast melee rogue type of character AKA assassin in D2? Diablo2のアサシンのような高速近接タイプののクラスの登場予定は? Answer Bogustus Fast melee... sounds a lot like the Blademaster... 高速で近接タイプねぇ・・・・BMみたいな感じかな。 Bogustus Maybe we could think of some skills that push him more in that direction, but we have a few other directions that we are considering too. DevBot Krommie 10 4asks10 are there plans to add ways to clear up some inventory spaces, ie craft bag, consumable bag/belt, essence bags... there are way too much stuff to be carry around these days (if it s bag, please make them equipable) Bogustus Man, that backpack does fill up with small stuff doesn t it? We are looking at a couple possible solutions. I can t commit to one of them until we agree on one, but we are talking through solutions now. Question DevBot Bainek 10 4asks10 any plans to add attribute reassignment (respec) in the future? ステータスのrespecはないんですかね? Answer Bogustus You ve been talking about it recently. We ve been talking about it for a long time. 最近その事について議論してるんだ。長~い時間ね。 Bogustus We ve got it on our list. I think that it would be cool to be able to adjust your stats. 確かに、ステータスがrespec出来るといいいねぇ。 Bogustus It definitely seems to be something that would be important for high level characters. 高レベルのキャラクターにとって重要な要素だよねぇ。 Bogustus It might also help the feed system pains. Anyway, yes, we are planning on adding it. feedシステムの欠点を補ってくれるかもしれないから、一応プランには入ってるよ。 Question DevBot Bubo 10 4asks10 With the current mob designs, there seems to be a lack of insectoid based designs. Is this intentional, and would this be something to see in a future chronicle? 昆虫っぽいデザインのモンスターがいないけど、将来的にはどうなんですか? Answer BRoper We currently have 4 castes of demons, and we didn t really push any of the artisticaly towards insectiods. It s a pretty cool idea, though, and woud lend it self to some radical new designs. We ll float that one over to the art department! 今デーモン4匹程考えてるんだけど、実は昆虫タイプなんてデザインは全く考えてなかったんだよ。うん、すごくいいアイディアだね。 Question DevBot Dekar 10 4asks10 Is there any plans to update Acts 1-6 with new tilesets, possibly including some of the things that were originally cut from the game due to time constraints? Answer Dave_Glenn I m assuming Act 6 is referring to Stonehenge areas... but in a nutshell, yes. We ll be adding some variety to the existing base game as time allows. We put the priority on new content, but some things are relatively easy to go back and add Dave_Glenn Don t expect huge modifications, but we too would like to see more variety for those areas. Question DevBot BravenIrish 10 4asks10 Hi guys! Creative members of the community really seem to like "showing off" their characters, making short films, and taking awesome screen shots. Are there plans to add more tools? Such as changing the camera angle and removing the UI? キャラクタを表示させずにSS撮るとか、ツールの追加の予定はないんですか?カメラの角度変更とかUI消去とか。 Answer Bogustus We can add a cheat to turn off the UI. We can also give you a free floating camera. I ll see when we can get that into a build. チートでUI消去は一応出来るよ。Free Floating Cameraもね。 Scapes-Flagship I think I hear some cheering over in #hellgate-chat, heh Question DevBot kazanokizu 10 4asks10 errgoth was waaay to difficult before u chagned his stats but now hes a pushover besides the massibve amount of hp he has do u plan on doing anything regarding this? Answer AlanHu We certainly do. Balancing and tuning bosses is an ongoing process, and Errgoth (among other bosses) have already been adjusted in our internal builds ) Scapes-Flagship Well, Hellgaters, thus ends our second Hellgate London Developer Chat Event. We ve seen over 200 champions of humanity in attendance and have answered more than two dozen questions. Heck, you all got an exclusive scoop on changes to the UI! Scapes-Flagship THANK YOU ALL for participating tonight! Bogustus I m glad that we have these chats. I m sorry that we aren t commiting to dates on things, but we all agree that it is more important that we don t rush out buggy builds in order to meet dates. I know that this chat has added a few things to our "todo" list and adjusted some priorities. Thanks for Scapes-Flagship We ll be opening up the channel to public chat in just a second. BRoper Thanks to everyone for coming out ot the chat. We ll do more of these, and hey - we you even got some features in from this one! See you online! 2.0.0.11/2007112718]) TaylorFSS`work Thanks guys! Come back for the Third one! Scapes-Flagship Thanks again, all! MARCH ON, HELLGATERS! ForgottenSpiral ZOMBIE CHILDREN! TaylorFSS`work This channel will stay open until the next one. See you then! Korgana Dye Kits!!!! Castamir GOOOORE Scapes-Flagship ZOMBIE CHILDREN! PlatinumDevil ZOOOOMBIE CHILDREEEEEEN Wereworkingonit thanks for trolling us XD FaK gj ) Naturzauber ZOMBIE CHILDREN!!! morolen zombie children! Crysalim 3 Guest585 thank you!!!!!!! TaylorFSS`work ZOMBIE CHILDREN! InnerVisions zombie children! rrR\\hami\ D Naturzauber ZOMBIE CHILDREN!!! Naturzauber ZOMBIE CHILDREN!!! Lugard laters ) Oid Zombie children! BRoper has left channel #FlagshipStudios (以下、Scapesと参加者の雑談が続きますが省略します)
https://w.atwiki.jp/aias-closurecompiler/pages/15.html
トップページ Closure Compiler Service API Closure Compiler Service APIはClosure Compilerの機能をWeb-APIとして提供します。この方式ではユーザプログラムは直接APIサーバとHTTP-POST通信を行い、処理結果を受け取れるようになります。 Closure Compiler Service UIは短いコードを使ってCompilerを試してみる分にはとても良いアプリケーションです。しかしあなたがJavaScriptのコンパイルプロセスを自動化したいと考えていたり、あるいはコンパイル処理を(IDEの拡張機能のようなかたちで)ビルドプロセスの一部として組み込みたいと考えているのであれば、Closure Compiler Service APIの利用は検討する価値があります。 以下では簡単なアプリケーションを作成しながら、何段階かに分けてAPIの使い方を説明します。 Closure Compiler Service APIのリファレンスは、こちらを参照してください。 このページは公式サイトの以下のページを元に作成しました。http //code.google.com/closure/compiler/docs/gettingstarted_api.htmlhttp //code.google.com/closure/compiler/docs/api-tutorial1.htmlhttp //code.google.com/closure/compiler/docs/api-tutorial2.html 目次 APIサーバのURL 最も単純なサンプルアプリケーション APIとの通信 JavaScriptファイルをAPIに渡すには データサイズの制限 APIサーバのURL Closure Compiler Service APIへのリクエストは、下記のURLへ送信してください。 http //closure-compiler.appspot.com/compile 最も単純なサンプルアプリケーション 手はじめに、formを使ってAPIサーバへリクエストを送るアプリケーションを作成してみます。Closure Compiler Service APIをformから呼出すのは実際の利用方法としてはやや不自然ですが、HTTP-POSTによる通信の様子を確認するにはこのやり方が最も簡単です。 下のHTMLをコピーペーストして closure_compiler_test.html というファイルを作成してください。 html body form action="http //closure-compiler.appspot.com/compile" method="POST" p Type JavaScript code to optimize here /p textarea name="js_code" cols="50" rows="5" function hello(name) { // Greets the user alert( Hello, + name); } hello( New user ); /textarea input type="hidden" name="compilation_level" value="WHITESPACE_ONLY" input type="hidden" name="output_format" value="text" input type="hidden" name="output_info" value="compiled_code" br br input type="submit" value="Optimize" /form /body /html 上のformでは4つの必須パラメータが設定されています。(各パラメータの詳細はこちらを参照してください)中でも重要なのは次の2つです。 js_code 処理対象となるJavaScriptコードを指定します。このようにコード文字列を直接送信する方法の他に、JSファイルのURLから入力コードを指定することもできます。後者についてはこちらで詳しく説明します。 compilation_level コンパイルレベルを指定します。この例では最も圧縮率の低い WHITESPACE_ONLY が設定されていますが、より強力にコードの短縮を行いたいのであれば、 SIMPLE_OPTIMIZATIONS や ADVANCED_OPTIMIZATIONS を試してみてください。 closure_compiler_test.html をブラウザで開きます。 Optimize ボタンをクリックしコードをClosure Compiler Service APIへ送ると、下のようなコードがAPIサーバから返却されてくるはずです。返却されるコードはオリジナルコードからコメントと空白・改行を削除したもので、機能はオリジナルと同じですがサイズはかなり小さくなっています: function hello(name){alert("Hello, "+name)}hello(){"New user"}; APIとの通信 次に、プログラムが直にHTTP通信を行うサンプルプログラムを示します: 以下のサンプルはPythonで記述されています。ただし構造自体はごく単純ですので、理解するのにPythonの言語的な知識は特に必要ありません。 #!/usr/bin/python2.4 import httplib, urllib, sys # Define the parameters for the POST request and encode them in # a URL-safe format. params = urllib.urlencode([ ( js_code , sys.argv[1]), ( compilation_level , WHITESPACE_ONLY ), ( output_format , text ), ( output_info , compiled_code ), ]) # Always use the following value for the Content-type header. headers = { "Content-type" "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" } conn = httplib.HTTPConnection( closure-compiler.appspot.com ) conn.request( POST , /compile , params, headers) response = conn.getresponse() data = response.read() print data conn.close このスクリプトはコマンドライン引数として渡されたJavaScriptをコンパイルし、処理されたコードを出力します。上のコードをコピーペーストして compile.py というファイル名で保存、ファイルのパーミッションを変更して実行権限を付与した後、以下のコマンドを実行してください。 $ python compile.py alert("hello");// This comment should be stripped 注意: Windows環境でこのプログラムを実行するには、Pythonのインストールが必要です。詳細はこちらを参照してください。 コマンドはAPIから返却されたコンパイル済みコードを出力します。このサンプルでは WHITESPACE_ONLY レベルが設定されているので、Compilerはコメントを取り除く以外は何もしません。 alert("hello"); このスクリプトについて、注意すべき点をいくつか挙げておきます。 HTTPConnection オブジェクトの request メソッドに渡されるパラメータは、 urllib.urlencode によって事前に全てURLエンコードされています。変数 params の値は次のような文字列です: js_code=alert%28%22hello%22%29%3B%2F%2F+This+comment+should+be+stripped output_info=compiled_code out=text compilation_level=WHITESPACE_ONLY リクエストの Content-type ヘッダは常に application/x-www-form-urlencoded でなければなりません。 JavaScriptファイルをAPIに渡すには 上の例ではコマンドライン引数としてJavaScript文字列をプログラムに渡していました。しかし実業務で使われるJavaScriptコード(その長さは2、3行などすぐに超えてしまうでしょう)を扱うには、この方式はやや無理が有るように思われます。このようなケースでは、 code_url パラメータを使って処理したいJavaScriptファイルのURLを指定するのがよいでしょう。 例として、次のJavaScriptプログラムを取り上げます: /** * A simple script for adding a list of notes to a page. The list diplays * the text of each note under its title. */ /** * Creates the DOM structure for a note and adds it to the document. */ function makeNoteDom(noteTitle, noteContent, noteContainer) { // Create DOM structure to represent the note. var headerElement = document.createElement( div ); var headerText = document.createTextNode(noteTitle); headerElement.appendChild(headerText); var contentElement = document.createElement( div ); var contentText = document.createTextNode(noteContent); contentElement.appendChild(contentText); var newNote = document.createElement( div ); newNote.appendChild(headerElement); newNote.appendChild(contentElement); // Add the note s DOM structure to the document. noteContainer.appendChild(newNote); } /** * Iterates over a list of note data objects and creates a DOM */ function makeNotes(data, noteContainer) { for (var i = 0; i data.length; i++) { makeNoteDom(data[i].title, data[i].content, noteContainer); } } function main() { var noteData = [ {title Note 1 , content Content of Note 1 }, {title Note 2 , content Content of Note 2 }]; var noteListElement = document.getElementById( notes ); makeNotes(noteData, noteListElement); } main(); このプログラムをひとかたまりの大きな文字列としてAPIに渡すより、ファイル名を指定するだけの方が便利です。それには以下のようにします: 上のコードをファイルに保存します。 そのファイルをWEBからアクセス可能な場所(あなたのWebサーバなど)に置きます。 APIとの通信で作ったデモを修正し、 js_code を code_url に置き換えます。 params = urllib.urlencode([ ( code_url , sys.argv[1]), # --- This parameter has a new name! ( compilation_level , WHITESPACE_ONLY ), ( output_format , text ), ( output_info , compiled_code ), ]) 以下のコマンドを実行すると、 http //example.com/yourJs.js というURLがClosure Compilerに渡されます。Compilerは指定されたURLからファイルを取得してコンパイルし、その結果を返却します。 $ python compile.py http //example.com/yourJs.js 1つのリクエストの中に複数の code_url パラメータを含めることができます: params = urllib.urlencode([ ( code_url , http //example.com/yourJsPart1.js), ( code_url , http //example.com/yourJsPart2.js), ( compilation_level , WHITESPACE_ONLY ), ( output_format , text ), ( output_info , compiled_code ), ]) ファイルは指定順に結合されてから、1つのコードとしてコンパイルされます。尚、 code_url と js_code も1つのリクエスト内で同時に使用できます。 データサイズの制限 Closure Compiler Service APIに送信できるデータのサイズには、以下の2種類の制限が設けられています。 POSTデータのサイズの合計は200,000バイトまで クライアントがAPIに送信するPOSTデータのサイズは200,000バイト以内でなければなりません。この制限を超過した場合はサーバエラー 8 POST data too large. が返却されます。もし js_code パラメータで送信しているソースコードの量が多い場合は、ファイルに分離した上でそれを code_url パラメータで参照するようにしてください。 コードの総量は1,024,000バイトまで APIが1回のリクエストで処理できるコードの総量は1,024,000バイトとされています。ここでいうコードの総量とは、 code_url 及び externs_url に指定された全てのファイル内のコード、 js_code 及び js_externs に指定された全てのコード文字列の合計を指します。 この制限を超過した場合はサーバエラー 9 File too large. が返却されます。 このエラーが発生する場合は、ローカルマシン上でのClosure Compiler Applicationの使用を検討してください。
https://w.atwiki.jp/elvis/pages/8047.html
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The Economic consequences of the peace Chapter II-Europe before the War Before 1870 different parts of the small continent of Europe had specialized in their own products; but, taken as a whole, it was substantially self-subsistent. And its population was adjusted to this state of affairs. After 1870 there was developed on a large scale an unprecedented situation, and the economic condition of Europe became during the next fifty years unstable and peculiar. The pressure of population on food, which had already been balanced by the accessibility of supplies from America, became for the first time in recorded history definitely reversed. As numbers increased, food was actually easier to secure. Larger proportional returns from an increasing scale of production became true of agriculture as well as industry. With the growth of the European population there were more emigrants on the one hand to till the soil of the new countries, and, on the other, more workmen were available in Europe to prepare the industrial products and capital goods which were to maintain the emigrant populations in their new homes, and to build the railways and ships which were to make accessible to Europe food and raw products from distant sources. Up to about 1900 a unit of labor applied to industry yielded year by year a purchasing power over an increasing quantity of food. It is possible that about the year 1900 this process began to be reversed, and a diminishing yield of Nature to man s effort was beginning to reassert itself. But the tendency of cereals to rise in real cost was balanced by other improvements; and—one of many novelties—the resources of tropical Africa then for the first time came into large employ, and a great traffic in oil-seeds began to bring to the table of Europe in a new and cheaper form one of the essential foodstuffs of mankind. In this economic Eldorado, in this economic Utopia, as the earlier economists would have deemed it, most of us were brought up. That happy age lost sight of a view of the world which filled with deep-seated melancholy the founders of our Political Economy. Before the eighteenth century mankind entertained no false hopes. To lay the illusions which grew popular at that age s latter end, Malthus disclosed a Devil. For half a century all serious economical writings held that Devil in clear prospect. For the next half century he was chained up and out of sight. Now perhaps we have loosed him again. What an extraordinary episode in the economic progress of man that age was which came to an end in August, 1914! The greater part of the population, it is true, worked hard and lived at a low standard of comfort, yet were, to all appearances, reasonably contented with this lot. But escape was possible, for any man of capacity or character at all exceeding the average, into the middle and upper classes, for whom life offered, at a low cost and with the least trouble, conveniences, comforts, and amenities beyond the compass of the richest and most powerful monarchs of other ages. The inhabitant of London could order by telephone, sipping his morning tea in bed, the various products of the whole earth, in such quantity as he might see fit, and reasonably expect their early delivery upon his doorstep; he could at the same moment and by the same means adventure his wealth in the natural resources and new enterprises of any quarter of the world, and share, without exertion or even trouble, in their prospective fruits and advantages; or be could decide to couple the security of his fortunes with the good faith of the townspeople of any substantial municipality in any continent that fancy or information might recommend. He could secure forthwith, if he wished it, cheap and comfortable means of transit to any country or climate without passport or other formality, could despatch his servant to the neighboring office of a bank for such supply of the precious metals as might seem convenient, and could then proceed abroad to foreign quarters, without knowledge of their religion, language, or customs, bearing coined wealth upon his person, and would consider himself greatly aggrieved and much surprised at the least interference. But, most important of all, he regarded this state of affairs as normal, certain, and permanent, except in the direction of further improvement, and any deviation from it as aberrant, scandalous, and avoidable. The projects and politics of militarism and imperialism, of racial and cultural rivalries, of monopolies, restrictions, and exclusion, which were to play the serpent to this paradise, were little more than the amusements of his daily newspaper, and appeared to exercise almost no influence at all on the ordinary course of social and economic life, the internationalization of which was nearly complete in practice. It will assist us to appreciate the character and consequences of the Peace which we have imposed on our enemies, if I elucidate a little further some of the chief unstable elements already present when war broke out, in the economic life of Europe. I. Population In 1870 Germany had a population of about 40,000,000. By 1892 this figure had risen to 50,000,000, and by June 30, 1914, to about 68,000,000. In the years immediately preceding the war the annual increase was about 850,000, of whom an insignificant proportion emigrated.[1] This great increase was only rendered possible by a far-reaching transformation of the economic structure of the country. From being agricultural and mainly self-supporting, Germany transformed herself into a vast and complicated industrial machine, dependent for its working on the equipoise of many factors outside Germany as well as within. Only by operating this machine, continuously and at full blast, could she find occupation at home for her increasing population and the means of purchasing their subsistence from abroad. The German machine was like a top which to maintain its equilibrium must spin ever faster and faster. In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which grew from about 40,000,000 in 1890 to at least 50,000,000 at the outbreak of war, the same tendency was present in a less degree, the annual excess of births over deaths being about half a million, out of which, however, there was an annual emigration of some quarter of a million persons. To understand the present situation, we must apprehend with vividness what an extraordinary center of population the development of the Germanic system had enabled Central Europe to become. Before the war the population of Germany and Austria-Hungary together not only substantially exceeded that of the United States, but was about equal to that of the whole of North America. In these numbers, situated within a compact territory, lay the military strength of the Central Powers. But these same numbers—for even the war has not appreciably diminished them[2]—if deprived of the means of life, remain a hardly less danger to European order. European Russia increased her population in a degree even greater than Germany—from less than 100,000,000 in 1890 to about 150,000,000 at the outbreak of war;[3] and in the year immediately preceding 1914 the excess of births over deaths in Russia as a whole was at the prodigious rate of two millions per annum. This inordinate growth in the population of Russia, which has not been widely noticed in England, has been nevertheless one of the most significant facts of recent years. The great events of history are often due to secular changes in the growth of population and other fundamental economic causes, which, escaping by their gradual character the notice of contemporary observers, are attributed to the follies of statesmen or the fanaticism of atheists. Thus the extraordinary occurrences of the past two years in Russia, that vast upheaval of Society, which has overturned what seemed most stable—religion, the basis of property, the ownership of land, as well as forms of government and the hierarchy of classes—may owe more to the deep influences of expanding numbers than to Lenin or to Nicholas; and the disruptive powers of excessive national fecundity may have played a greater part in bursting the bonds of convention than either the power of ideas or the errors of autocracy. II. Organization The delicate organization by which these peoples lived depended partly on factors internal to the system. The interference of frontiers and of tariffs was reduced to a minimum, and not far short of three hundred millions of people lived within the three Empires of Russia, Germany, and Austria-Hungary. The various currencies, which were all maintained on a stable basis in relation to gold and to one another, facilitated the easy flow of capital and of trade to an extent the full value of which we only realize now, when we are deprived of its advantages. Over this great area there was an almost absolute security of property and of person. These factors of order, security, and uniformity, which Europe had never before enjoyed over so wide and populous a territory or for so long a period, prepared the way for the organization of that vast mechanism of transport, coal distribution, and foreign trade which made possible an industrial order of life in the dense urban centers of new population. This is too well known to require detailed substantiation with figures. But it may be illustrated by the figures for coal, which has been the key to the industrial growth of Central Europe hardly less than of England; the output of German coal grew from 30,000,000 tons in 1871 to 70,000,000 tons in 1890, 110,000,000 tons in 1900, and 190,000,000 tons in 1913. Round Germany as a central support the rest of the European economic system grouped itself, and on the prosperity and enterprise of Germany the prosperity of the rest of the Continent mainly depended. The increasing pace of Germany gave her neighbors an outlet for their products, in exchange for which the enterprise of the German merchant supplied them with their chief requirements at a low price. The statistics of the economic interdependence of Germany and her neighbors are overwhelming. Germany was the best customer of Russia, Norway, Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, and Austria-Hungary; she was the second best customer of Great Britain, Sweden, and Denmark; and the third best customer of France. She was the largest source of supply to Russia, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Holland, Switzerland, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Roumania, and Bulgaria; and the second largest source of supply to Great Britain, Belgium, and France. In our own case we sent more exports to Germany than to any other country in the world except India, and we bought more from her than from any other country in the world except the United States. There was no European country except those west of Germany which did not do more than a quarter of their total trade with her; and in the case of Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Holland the proportion was far greater. Germany not only furnished these countries with trade, but, in the case of some of them, supplied a great part of the capital needed for their own development. Of Germany s pre-war foreign investments, amounting in all to about $6,250,000,000, not far short of $2,500,000,000 was invested in Russia, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Roumania, and Turkey.[4] And by the system of "peaceful penetration" she gave these countries not only capital, but, what they needed hardly less, organization. The whole of Europe east of the Rhine thus fell into the German industrial orbit, and its economic life was adjusted accordingly. But these internal factors would not have been sufficient to enable the population to support itself without the co-operation of external factors also and of certain general dispositions common to the whole of Europe. Many of the circumstances already treated were true of Europe as a whole, and were not peculiar to the Central Empires. But all of what follows was common to the whole European system. III. The Psychology of Society Europe was so organized socially and economically as to secure the maximum accumulation of capital. While there was some continuous improvement in the daily conditions of life of the mass of the population, Society was so framed as to throw a great part of the increased income into the control of the class least likely to consume it. The new rich of the nineteenth century were not brought up to large expenditures, and preferred the power which investment gave them to the pleasures of immediate consumption. In fact, it was precisely the inequality of the distribution of wealth which made possible those vast accumulations of fixed wealth and of capital improvements which distinguished that age from all others. Herein lay, in fact, the main justification of the Capitalist System. If the rich had spent their new wealth on their own enjoyments, the world would long ago have found such a régime intolerable. But like bees they saved and accumulated, not less to the advantage of the whole community because they themselves held narrower ends in prospect. The immense accumulations of fixed capital which, to the great benefit of mankind, were built up during the half century before the war, could never have come about in a Society where wealth was divided equitably. The railways of the world, which that age built as a monument to posterity, were, not less than the Pyramids of Egypt, the work of labor which was not free to consume in immediate enjoyment the full equivalent of its efforts. Thus this remarkable system depended for its growth on a double bluff or deception. On the one hand the laboring classes accepted from ignorance or powerlessness, or were compelled, persuaded, or cajoled by custom, convention, authority, and the well-established order of Society into accepting, a situation in which they could call their own very little of the cake that they and Nature and the capitalists were co-operating to produce. And on the other hand the capitalist classes were allowed to call the best part of the cake theirs and were theoretically free to consume it, on the tacit underlying condition that they consumed very little of it in practice. The duty of "saving" became nine-tenths of virtue and the growth of the cake the object of true religion. There grew round the non-consumption of the cake all those instincts of puritanism which in other ages has withdrawn itself from the world and has neglected the arts of production as well as those of enjoyment. And so the cake increased; but to what end was not clearly contemplated. Individuals would be exhorted not so much to abstain as to defer, and to cultivate the pleasures of security and anticipation. Saving was for old age or for your children; but this was only in theory,—the virtue of the cake was that it was never to be consumed, neither by you nor by your children after you. In writing thus I do not necessarily disparage the practices of that generation. In the unconscious recesses of its being Society knew what it was about. The cake was really very small in proportion to the appetites of consumption, and no one, if it were shared all round, would be much the better off by the cutting of it. Society was working not for the small pleasures of to-day but for the future security and improvement of the race,—in fact for "progress." If only the cake were not cut but was allowed to grow in the geometrical proportion predicted by Malthus of population, but not less true of compound interest, perhaps a day might come when there would at last be enough to go round, and when posterity could enter into the enjoyment of our labors. In that day overwork, overcrowding, and underfeeding would have come to an end, and men, secure of the comforts and necessities of the body, could proceed to the nobler exercises of their faculties. One geometrical ratio might cancel another, and the nineteenth century was able to forget the fertility of the species in a contemplation of the dizzy virtues of compound interest. There were two pitfalls in this prospect lest, population till outstripping accumulation, our self-denials promote not happiness but numbers; and lest the cake be after all consumed, prematurely, in war, the consumer of all such hopes. But these thoughts lead too far from my present purpose. I seek only to point out that the principle of accumulation based on inequality was a vital part of the pre-war order of Society and of progress as we then understood it, and to emphasize that this principle depended on unstable psychological conditions, which it may be impossible to recreate. It was not natural for a population, of whom so few enjoyed the comforts of life, to accumulate so hugely. The war has disclosed the possibility of consumption to all and the vanity of abstinence to many. Thus the bluff is discovered; the laboring classes may be no longer willing to forego so largely, and the capitalist classes, no longer confident of the future, may seek to enjoy more fully their liberties of consumption so long as they last, and thus precipitate the hour of their confiscation. IV. The Relation of the Old World to the New The accumulative habits of Europe before the war were the necessary condition of the greatest of the external factors which maintained the European equipoise. Of the surplus capital goods accumulated by Europe a substantial part was exported abroad, where its investment made possible the development of the new resources of food, materials, and transport, and at the same time enabled the Old World to stake out a claim in the natural wealth and virgin potentialities of the New. This last factor came to be of the vastest importance. The Old World employed with an immense prudence the annual tribute it was thus entitled to draw. The benefit of cheap and abundant supplies resulting from the new developments which its surplus capital had made possible, was, it is true, enjoyed and not postponed. But the greater part of the money interest accruing on these foreign investments was reinvested and allowed to accumulate, as a reserve (it was then hoped) against the less happy day when the industrial labor of Europe could no longer purchase on such easy terms the produce of other continents, and when the due balance would be threatened between its historical civilizations and the multiplying races of other climates and environments. Thus the whole of the European races tended to benefit alike from the development of new resources whether they pursued their culture at home or adventured it abroad. Even before the war, however, the equilibrium thus established between old civilizations and new resources was being threatened. The prosperity of Europe was based on the facts that, owing to the large exportable surplus of foodstuffs in America, she was able to purchase food at a cheap rate measured in terms of the labor required to produce her own exports, and that, as a result of her previous investments of capital, she was entitled to a substantial amount annually without any payment in return at all. The second of these factors then seemed out of danger, but, as a result of the growth of population overseas, chiefly in the United States, the first was not so secure. When first the virgin soils of America came into bearing, the proportions of the population of those continents themselves, and consequently of their own local requirements, to those of Europe were very small. As lately as 1890 Europe had a population three times that of North and South America added together. But by 1914 the domestic requirements of the United States for wheat were approaching their production, and the date was evidently near when there would be an exportable surplus only in years of exceptionally favorable harvest. Indeed, the present domestic requirements of the United States are estimated at more than ninety per cent of the average yield of the five years 1909-1913.[5] At that time, however, the tendency towards stringency was showing itself, not so much in a lack of abundance as in a steady increase of real cost. That is to say, taking the world as a whole, there was no deficiency of wheat, but in order to call forth an adequate supply it was necessary to offer a higher real price. The most favorable factor in the situation was to be found in the extent to which Central and Western Europe was being fed from the exportable surplus of Russia and Roumania. In short, Europe s claim on the resources of the New World was becoming precarious; the law of diminishing returns was at last reasserting itself and was making it necessary year by year for Europe to offer a greater quantity of other commodities to obtain the same amount of bread; and Europe, therefore, could by no means afford the disorganization of any of her principal sources of supply. Much else might be said in an attempt to portray the economic peculiarities of the Europe of 1914. I have selected for emphasis the three or four greatest factors of instability,—the instability of an excessive population dependent for its livelihood on a complicated and artificial organization, the psychological instability of the laboring and capitalist classes, and the instability of Europe s claim, coupled with the completeness of her dependence, on the food supplies of the New World. The war had so shaken this system as to endanger the life of Europe altogether. A great part of the Continent was sick and dying; its population was greatly in excess of the numbers for which a livelihood was available; its organization was destroyed, its transport system ruptured, and its food supplies terribly impaired. It was the task of the Peace Conference to honor engagements and to satisfy justice; but not less to re-establish life and to heal wounds. These tasks were dictated as much by prudence as by the magnanimity which the wisdom of antiquity approved in victors. We will examine in the following chapters the actual character of the Peace. FOOTNOTES [1] In 1913 there were 25,843 emigrants from Germany, of whom 19,124 went to the United States. [2] The net decrease of the German population at the end of 1918 by decline of births and excess of deaths as compared with the beginning of 1914, is estimated at about 2,700,000. [3] Including Poland and Finland, but excluding Siberia, Central Asia, and the Caucasus. [4] Sums of money mentioned in this book in terms of dollars have been converted from pounds sterling at the rate of $5 to £1. [5] Even since 1914 the population of the United States has increased by seven or eight millions. As their annual consumption of wheat per head is not less than 6 bushels, the pre-war scale of production in the United States would only show a substantial surplus over present domestic requirements in about one year out of five. We have been saved for the moment by the great harvests of 1918 and 1919, which have been called forth by Mr. Hoover s guaranteed price. But the United States can hardly be expected to continue indefinitely to raise by a substantial figure the cost of living in its own country, in order to provide wheat for a Europe which cannot pay for it.
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Flex/Curve Control Panel Theflex/curvecontrol panel handles both object types, which are used to determine the 3-D position/shape of a curve in 3-D, even if it has no discernable point features. If you select a curve, the parameters of its parent flex (if any) will be shown in the flex section of the dialog. New Flex. Creates and selects a new flex. Left-click successively in a 3-D view or the perspective view to lay down a series of control points. Right-click to end. Delete Flex. Deletes the selected flex (even if it was a curve that was initially clicked). Flex Name List. Lists all the flexes in the scene, allowing you to select a flex, or change its name. Moving Object List. If the flex is parented to a moving object, it is shown here. Normally, “(world)” will be listed. Show this 3-D flex. Controls whether the flex is seen in the viewports or not. Clear. Clears any existing 3-D solution for the flex, so that the flex s initial seed control points may be seen and changed. Solve. Solves for the 3-D position and shape of the flex. The control points disappear, and the solved shape becomes visible. All. Causes all the flexes to be solved simultaneously. Pixel error. Root-mean-square (~average) error in the solved flex, in horizontal pixels. Count. The number of points that will be solved for along the length of the flex. Stiffness. Controls the relative importance of keeping the flex stiff and straight versus reproducing each detail in the curves. Stretch. Relative importance of (not) being stretchy. Endiness. (yes, made this up) Relative importance of exactly meeting the end-point specification. New Curve. Begins creating a new curve—click on a series of points in the camera view. Delete. Deletes the curve. Curve NameList.Shows the currently-selected curves name among a list of all the curves attached to the current flex, or all the unconnected curves if this one is not connected. Parent Flex List.Shows the parent flex of this curve, among all of the flexes. Show.Controls whether or not the curve is shown in the viewport. Enable.Animated checkbox indicating whether the curve should be enabled or not on the current frame. For example, turn it off after the curve goes off-screen, or if the curve is occluded by something that prevents its correct position from being determined. Key all.When on, changing one control point will add a key on all of them. Rough.Select several trackers, turn this button on, then click a curve to use the trackers to roughly position the curve throughout the length of the shot. Truncate.Kills all the keys off the tracker from the current frame to the end of the shot. Tune.Snaps the curve exactly onto the edge underneath it, on the current frame. All.Brings up theCurve Tracking Controldialog, which allows this curve, or all the curves, to be tracked throughout an entire range of frames.
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Builder Lite Developing Dynamic Batch Files/Book and Disk Windcrest? Ronny Richardson? Windcrest? RonnyRichardson? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-23? Subjects-Computers&Internet-Software-Databases? Subjects-Computers&Internet-OperatingSystems-DOS? Subjects-Science-Technology-General&Reference Designer's Mix and Match Type Computing Mcgraw-Hill? Ian Pape? ComputingMcgraw-Hill? IanPape? ジャンル別? Subjects-Arts&Photography-GraphicDesign-Typography? Subjects-Computers&Internet-GraphicDesign-General? Subjects-Computers&Internet-GraphicDesign-DesktopPublishing? Subjects-Science-Technology-General&Reference Basic Blueprint Reading Tab Books? John A. Nelson? TabBooks? JohnA.Nelson? ジャンル別? Substores-UnknownASINs-23? Subjects-Engineering-Civil-Construction-General? Subjects-Engineering-Mechanical-Drafting&MechanicalDrawing? Subjects-Engineering-Reference? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Civil-Construction-General? 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Subjects-Engineering-Civil-Mechanics? Subjects-Engineering-Industrial,Manufacturing&OperationalSystems-Machinery? Subjects-Engineering-Mechanical-General? Subjects-Engineering-Mechanical-Machinery? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Civil-Mechanics? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Industrial,Manufacturing&OperationalSystems-Machinery? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Aerospace-AdvancedMechanics? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Mechanical-General? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Mechanical-Machinery? Subjects-Reference? Subjects-Science-Technology-General&Reference Ingenious Mechanisms for Designers and Inventors, 1930-67. (Ingenious Mechanisms for Designers Inventors) Industrial Pr? Franklin D. Jones? IndustrialPr? FranklinD.Jones? ジャンル別? Subjects-Engineering-Aerospace-AdvancedMechanics? Subjects-Engineering-Civil-Mechanics? Subjects-Engineering-Industrial,Manufacturing&OperationalSystems-Machinery? Subjects-Engineering-Mechanical-General? Subjects-Engineering-Mechanical-Machinery? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Civil-Mechanics? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Industrial,Manufacturing&OperationalSystems-Machinery? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Aerospace-AdvancedMechanics? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Mechanical-General? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Mechanical-Machinery? Subjects-Reference? Subjects-Science-Technology-General&Reference Ingenious Mechanisms for Designers and Inventors, 1930-67. (Ingenious Mechanisms for Designers Inventors) Industrial Pr? Franklin D. Jones? IndustrialPr? FranklinD.Jones? ジャンル別? Subjects-Engineering-Aerospace-AdvancedMechanics? Subjects-Engineering-Civil-Mechanics? Subjects-Engineering-Industrial,Manufacturing&OperationalSystems-Machinery? Subjects-Engineering-Mechanical-General? Subjects-Engineering-Mechanical-Machinery? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Civil-Mechanics? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Industrial,Manufacturing&OperationalSystems-Machinery? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Aerospace-AdvancedMechanics? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Mechanical-General? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Mechanical-Machinery? Subjects-Reference? Subjects-Science-Technology-General&Reference Ingenious Mechanisms for Designers and Inventors (Ingenious Mechanisms for Designers Inventors) Industrial Pr? John Newell? Holbrook Horton? IndustrialPr? JohnNewell? HolbrookHorton? ジャンル別? Subjects-Engineering-Aerospace-AdvancedMechanics? Subjects-Engineering-Civil-Mechanics? Subjects-Engineering-Industrial,Manufacturing&OperationalSystems-Machinery? Subjects-Engineering-Mechanical-General? Subjects-Engineering-Mechanical-Machinery? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Civil-Mechanics? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Engineering-Industrial,Manufacturing&OperationalSystems-Machinery? 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Understanding Primary Science Ideas, Concepts Explanations Paul Chapman Pub? Martin Wenham? PaulChapmanPub? MartinWenham? Subjects-Nonfiction-Education-ElementarySchool? Subjects-Nonfiction-Education-EducationTheory-Assessment? Subjects-Nonfiction-Education-InstructionMethod-General? Subjects-Nonfiction-Education-General? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Education-ByLevel-ElementarySchool? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Education-Theory-Assessment? Subjects-Professional&Technical-Education-General? Subjects-Science-General Urban Policy Evaluation Challenge Change Paul Chapman Pub? Economic and Social Research Council (Great Britain)? Robin Hambleton? Huw Thomas? PaulChapmanPub? EconomicandSocialResearchCouncil(GreatBritain)? RobinHambleton? HuwThomas? Subjects-Nonfiction-SocialSciences-Sociology-Rural? Subjects-Nonfiction-SocialSciences-Sociology-Urban? Subjects-Professional&Technical-ProfessionalScience-EarthSciences-Geography? Subjects-Science-EarthSciences-Geography-General? 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