約 4,864,454 件
https://w.atwiki.jp/wikiroid/pages/57.html
作者 Access Lane, Inc. URL http //jp.androlib.com/c.aspx?i=zjE u=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5keHRvcC5jb20= Ver 3.1.2 言語 英語 Link アンドロイダー http //androider.jp/?p=1991 AndroLib http //jp.androlib.com/android.application.com-android-dxtop-demo-launcher-zjE.aspx
https://w.atwiki.jp/droid/pages/15.html
ホーム画面(スクロール)などが重い場合、ほとんどはネットやSDカードを参照するウィジェットが原因です!!! ホームアプリLauncherPro(無料・有料あり)★ ADW.Launcher(無料・有料あり)★ Go Launcher EX(無料)★ Zeam(有料) SlideScreen(無料・有料あり) アイコン変更などDesktop VisualizeR(DVR)(無料) ステータスバーNotification Launcher(無料) 引き出しランチャー free(BETA)(無料) 外部サイト コメント ホームアプリ LauncherPro(無料・有料あり)★ http //s-max.jp/archives/1202008.html ADW.Launcher(無料・有料あり)★ http //www.moedroid.jp/category/feature/adw 職場注意w Go Launcher EX(無料)★ https //market.android.com/details?id=com.gau.go.launcherex http //octoba.net/archives/20110219-android-1432.html Zeam(有料) http //www.lifehacker.jp/2010/09/100917zunehome.html SlideScreen(無料・有料あり) http //octoba.net/archives/20101010-slidescreen-android-1046.html アイコン変更など Desktop VisualizeR(DVR)(無料) https //market.android.com/details?id=jp.co.bii.android.app.dskvzr ステータスバー Notification Launcher(無料) http //octoba.net/archives/20120209-android-app-3.html 引き出しランチャー free(BETA)(無料) http //octoba.net/archives/20120222-android-app-3.html 外部サイト Androidが格段に使いやすくなる! ホームスクリーン設定ガイド http //www.lifehacker.jp/2010/08/100812agtoyahs.html 文字アイコンジェネレーター http //tkdragon.dip.jp/android/gene/icongene.html ブロックウィジェットジェネレーター http //tkdragon.dip.jp/android/gene/wallgene2.html コメント https //market.android.com/details?id=jp.gr.java_conf.wire_dev.DrawerLauncherFree -- 引き出しランチャー free (2012-01-03 15 29 42) ぬいた(人・ω・)★ http //www.e29.mobi/ -- age (2012-01-08 04 00 37) https //play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.gmail.kanitawa.dcd feature=also_installed#?t=W251bGwsMSwxLDEwNCwiY29tLmdtYWlsLmthbml0YXdhLmRjZCJd -- DigitalClockDesigner (2012-03-15 01 09 17) http //octoba.net/archives/20120328-android-app-6.html -- OreSettings (2012-03-28 21 45 48) http //appllio.com/android-customize-explanation/%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%A2%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%81%AE%E4%BD%BF%E3%81%84%E6%96%B9-%E8%B6%85%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80 -- ホームアプリの使い方 超入門 (2012-04-05 22 02 28) 名前 コメント
https://w.atwiki.jp/noriyukiishikawa/pages/25.html
AndChat IRCはAndroidのスマートフォン・タブレットなどで使えるのIRCクライアントです。(スマフォ持ってるけどiPhoneじゃない!という方向け。) 設定方法 こちらの説明では一般的なAndChat設定方法を紹介しています。【ノリラジ用に説明を書いてくれる編集者の方募集中】 下記のURLからPDFファイルをダウンロードし、説明は読んでください。 http //www1.axfc.net/uploader/Sc/so/389693.pdf チャンネル名は#NORIRADIにする。 ニックネームは IG_*****(*は任意の数字5桁)にする。
https://w.atwiki.jp/conn/pages/2.html
メニュー 各種手順 トップページ 開発環境構築PATH設定 ソースコード管理 仮想端末でHello,world 実機で動作確認 基礎知識 Androidアプリの基本構成Androidプロジェクト アクティビティのライフサイクル ログ出力 異なる環境への最適化 逆引き リストから値を選択するSpinnerの使用 ListViewの応用 タイマーを使う 着信音を鳴らす ステータスバーに通知を出す 更新履歴 取得中です。 ここを編集
https://w.atwiki.jp/sapoteki/pages/46.html
EXTRA定義使用するタグ アプリの起動(例として2chMate) ダイアラー起動 スケジュール登録 正規表現の置換とEXTRA定義の合わせ技 EXTRA定義 サポテキ有料版の機能としてデバッグモード時にエキストラ定義が使えるようになりました。(仕様が変わる可能性あり) この定義によってサポテキで発行するインテントをユーザー側が直接設定することができます。 使用するタグ インテントの基本情報 [ACTION] new Intent [CATEGORY] intent.addCategory [FLAG] intent.setFlags※数値で指定 [URI] intent.setData [TYPE] intent.setType インテントを明示的にする [COMPONENT_PACKAGE] intent.setClassName パッケージ名 [COMPONENT_CLASS] intent.setClassName クラス名 インテントにデータを持たせる [EXTRA_KEY] Intent.putExtra 送信するデータの名前 [EXTRA_STRING][EXTRA_BOOLEAN][EXTRA_BYTE][EXTRA_INTEGER][EXTRA_LONG][EXTRA_FLOAT][EXTRA_STRING_ARRAY][EXTRA_BOOLEAN_ARRAY][EXTRA_BYTE_ARRAY][EXTRA_INTEGER_ARRAY][EXTRA_LONG_ARRAY][EXTRA_FLOAT_ARRAY] Intent.putExtra 送信するデータの中身※ブラケット("[")を使う場合は("[[")とする [STRING_ARRAY_SEPALATOR] EXTRA_STRING_ARRAYとEXTRA_BYTE_ARRAYの区切り? アプリの起動(例として2chMate) 定義ボタン押すと2chMateが起動する [ACTION] android.intent.action.MAIN [CATEGORY] android.intent.category.LAUNCHER [FLAG] 270532608 [COMPONENT_PACKAGE] jp.co.airfront.android.a2chMate [COMPONENT_CLASS] jp.syoboi.a2chMate.activity.HomeActivity [END] ↓みたいのを↑みたく書き換えた Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN); intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER); intent.setFlags(FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK | FLAG_ACTIVITY_RESET_TASK_IF_NEEDED); intent.setClassName("jp.co.airfront.android.a2chMate","jp.syoboi.a2chMate.activity.HomeActivity"); ダイアラー起動 サポテキで電話番号を入力して定義ボタン押すとダイアラー起動 [ACTION] android.intent.action.CALL [URI] tel %l0 [END] ↓みたいのを↑みたく書き換えた Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL); intent.setData(Uri.parse("tel %l0")); スケジュール登録 サポテキで1行目に「件名」、2行目に「場所」を入力して定義ボタン押すとスケジュール登録画面が起動 ※カレンダー周りは仕様がコロコロ変わってるらしく動作しないバージョンがあるかも? 3行目にスペース入れて起動すると終日予定の作成になる [ACTION] android.intent.action.EDIT [TYPE] vnd.android.cursor.item/event [EXTRA_KEY] title [EXTRA_STRING] %l0 [EXTRA_KEY] eventLocation [EXTRA_STRING] %l1 [EXTRA_KEY] allDay [EXTRA_BOOLEAN] %l2 [END] [PATTERN] (?s)(([^\n]*?\n){2})[ ]+?.* [REPLACE] $1true [TYPE] EXTRA [CCODE] NONE [END] ↓みたいのを↑みたく書き換えた Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_EDIT); intent.setType("vnd.android.cursor.item/event"); intent.putExtra("title",%l0); intent.putExtra("eventLocation",%l1); intent.putExtra("allDay",%l2); 正規表現の置換とEXTRA定義の合わせ技 正規表現の置換でEXTRA定義を書くことで、サポテキでの入力内容を条件として発行するインテントを分岐させることができます 複数の定義を1つにまとめちゃうという裏ワザ(?)ですね サンプルとしてはてなブックマークアプリに対する3種類のインテント発行を1つの定義にまとめる サポテキの1行目未入力ならはてブアプリが起動 URL文字列ならはてブにブックマークを追加 検索文字列ならはてブのブックマークを検索 [TITLE] はてブ - 起動/追加/検索 [TEXT] %s [PATTERN] ^((?!https? //.)[^\n]+) ^(https? //[^\n]+) ^(\n+.*|)$ [REPLACE] [ACTION]\nandroid.intent.action.SEARCH\n[EXTRA_KEY]\nquery\n[EXTRA_STRING]\n$1\n[COMPONENT_PACKAGE]\ncom.hatena.android.bookmark\n[COMPONENT_CLASS]\ncom.hatena.android.bookmark.SearchableActivity\n[END] [ACTION]\nandroid.intent.action.SEND\n[URI]\n$1\n[COMPONENT_PACKAGE]\ncom.hatena.android.bookmark\n[COMPONENT_CLASS]\ncom.hatena.android.bookmark.PostActivity\n[END] [ACTION]\nandroid.intent.action.MAIN\n[COMPONENT_PACKAGE]\ncom.hatena.android.bookmark\n[COMPONENT_CLASS]\ncom.hatena.android.bookmark.MyBookmarkActivity\n[END] [TYPE] EXTRA [CCODE] NONE [END]
https://w.atwiki.jp/tkonishi73/pages/492.html
第4回 Windows~MacOS~Android 初期のパソコンはこんなもの プログラムは自作が普通 NECのPC-8001が安く販売され、興味ある人が買い、自分の仕事を快適にするためにソフトを自作した。 人気のある便利なソフトができて販売 ⇒ ソフト会社設立 草創期は、技術者やマニアが切り開いた! お勧めPC 私はSONYのVAIO(バイオ)が大好き。なぜなら、先駆的だから。かっこいいし、その技術は実用的に変化してきたから。 富士通はきわめて標準的、NECは標準だが独自性にこだわる特徴がある。 WindowsPCとMacPCの違い マウスのキー数が違う・・・Windousは2つ、Macは1つ。初心者はMacが使いやすい。 AppleのPCは、MacintoshにGUIをPCでは真っ先に導入した。 遅いハードウェアでマルチタスク・マルチウインドウを達成した。 マルチタスク=同時に複数の仕事を並行して行う。 マルチウインドウ=ソフトごとに実行窓を開けて、別種類の動作をすることが出来る。 (追記:実は初期のMacintoshでは、ハード自体が遅いためにマルチタスクは達成できなかった!) 当時の、ミニ・コンピュータ(PCよりも性能の良い汎用システム)というUNIXマシンでは、マルチタスク・マルチウインドウは達成されていた。 CPUについて コア数・・・かつてのCPUは1個で1コアだった。(シングルコア:Single Core) デュアルコア(Dual Core)=1つの箱に2つのCPUがある。 クアッドコア(Quad Core)=1つの箱に4つのCPUがある。 ヘクサコア(Hexa Core)=1つの箱に6つのCPUがある。 ハイパースレッディング(Hyper Threading) 1つのコアを2つのCPUに見せかける技術。これを適用して、色々な処理が同時に出来るようになっている。 TSS(Time Sharing System:時分割システム) 1つの端末の仕事時間を短く分割し、他の仕事も同時にしているように見せかけるしくみ。 かつてのミニコンピュータ(汎用計算機)でよくTSSが利用された。 性能のよいCPUはどうやって見分けるのか コア数やキャッシュメモリサイズ、などにより性能が決まる。クロック周波数のみで決まるわけではない。 【最近の記事】 米マイクロソフト、年内「ウィンドウズ8」改良版発売へ=幹部 5月6日、米マイクロソフトの幹部、タミ・レラー氏は、パソコン(PC)向け基本ソフト(OS)「ウィンドウズ8」について、今後利便性をさらに高め、小型タブレット端末にも対応可能な改良版を発売する計画を明らかにした。 [シアトル 6日 ロイター] 米マイクロソフト<MSFT.O>のウィンドウズ部門共同責任者、タミ・レラー氏は、昨年10月に発売したパソコン(PC)向け基本ソフト(OS)「ウィンドウズ8」について、今後利便性をさらに高め、小型タブレット端末にも対応可能な改良版を発売する計画を明らかにした。 ロイターとのインタビューで述べた。 ウィンドウズ8のライセンス販売は発売から半年で1億を突破、従来OSの「ウィンドウズ7」と匹敵する販売ペースを記録している。ただ1月初旬時点の販売実績が6000万程度だったことを踏まえると、過去4カ月は4000万程度にとどまっていることになり、発売1年で2億4000万に達したウィンドウズ7と比べ伸び悩みが鮮明だ。 レラー氏は「改良の余地があるのは明白」とし、年内に改良版「ウィンドウズ・ブルー」(仮称)を発売する計画を明らかにした。向こう数週間に詳細を明らかにするとしている。 ウィンドウズ8はタッチ操作機能を搭載しているが、手頃なタッチスクリーン型ラップトップPCが少ないこともウィンドウズ8が苦戦する要因となっている。 レラー氏は中国PC大手レノボ・グループ(連想集団)<0992.HK>や台湾のASUS<2357.TW>、米ヒューレット・パッカード(HP)<HPQ.N>などが今年、価格を抑えた新型のタッチスクリーン型ラップトップを発売することに期待を示した。 さらに急成長している画面サイズ7、8インチの小型タブレット市場でも攻勢をかけるため、改良版で対応していく考えを示した。 アップル<AAPL.O>の「iPad(アイパッド)ミニ」や韓国サムスン電子<005930.KS>の「ギャラクシー・タブ」といった小型タブレットに対抗し、マイクロソフトも「サーフェス」の小型版を発売するかとの問いについては、同氏はコメントを控えた。 (ロイター 5月7日(火)23時30分配信) 今日の話題に感想を述べてください。(名前欄に学生番号を記入すること) 必要に応じて、回答します。 いつも同じ会社のパソコンを買ってたので、先生のオススメの会社を聞けてよかったです! -- 12130669 (2013-05-09 11 43 53) 昔のパソコンは全部自分でプログラムを作らなければいけなかったということを聞いて驚きました。それができる先生は本当にすごいと思いました!! -- 12131613 (2013-05-09 11 57 09) 話が逸れていたけど楽しい授業でした。 -- 12103911 (2013-05-09 12 47 43) 最後にやったTSSが分かりにくかったけど、楽しい授業でした。 -- 12131140 (2013-05-09 13 12 22) 楽しい授業でした -- 12134160 (2013-05-09 20 42 16) CPUやメモリの説明が分かりやすかったです。 -- 12120232 (2013-05-09 20 49 14) 今日の先生のお話おもしろかったです。 -- 12122432 (2013-05-09 23 24 26) CPUが今までよく分かっていなかったので今日の授業楽しかったです。 -- 12113522 (2013-05-10 00 12 18) 新しいものが社会に受け入れられるためには、その環境が必要です。受け入れられる環境ができれば、社会で実用化されます。PCもスマホも同じ道をたどったと考えます。 -- 小西 (2013-05-10 01 26 44) パソコンの種類については全く知らなかったので、興味深いお話が聞けてよかったです。 -- 14130813 (2013-05-10 07 08 10) 難しいこともあったけど面白い授業でした。 -- 12120246 (2013-05-10 22 53 15) パソコンについて楽しく勉強になりましたけど、スマホがなぜ電池を消費しやすいか初めて知って勉強になりました。 -- 12121070 (2013-05-10 23 13 25) いつもの授業とちがって身近なOSについて学べたので楽しかったです。 -- 12132699 (2013-05-12 04 01 38) cpuの説明がとても分かりやすくためになりました。 -- 12120333 (2013-05-12 06 15 31) この授業を受けて、パソコンについて少し興味を持ちました -- 12120856 (2013-05-13 00 11 27)
https://w.atwiki.jp/android-memo/pages/49.html
アクセス方法 印刷クーポンとモバイルクーポンの違い (2012/03/31時点) コメント アクセス方法 ケンタッキーフライドチキン AndroidのUserAgentでアクセスすることで、スマートフォン用サイトにアクセスできる。 印刷クーポンとモバイルクーポンの違い (2012/03/31時点) 印刷のみ 16個 モバイルのみ 5個 共通 11個 合計 32個 印刷クーポンとモバイルクーポンはかなり異なり、全体的に印刷クーポン限定のものが多い。 コメント 名前 コメント
https://w.atwiki.jp/android/pages/46.html
Android向けアプリ開発コンテスト Android向けアプリ開発コンテストについての2008/01/29現在での情報。 賞金 賞金総額1000万ドル。 以下の2つのフェイズに分けられ、賞金は2つのフェイズの間で等分。(つまり500万ドルずつ) フェイズ1 2008年1月2日~2008年4月14日。コンテスト応募受付期間。(2008年3月3日から延長されました。) フェイズ2 2008年後半に最初のAndroid搭載デバイスが登場したときから開始(終了時期は不明)。 フェイズ1の賞金内わけは以下の通り。 上位50組 それぞれ2万5000ドル 最優秀10組 それぞれ27万5000ドル(約3000万円) 次点の10組(11~20位) それぞれ10万ドル(約1100万円) ※計500万ドル。 フェイズ2の賞金内わけはまだ不明。 課題 「Androidで動く優れたソフトウェア」を製作すること。 アプリケーションの種類は不問。 参加資格 以下の条件を満たしていれば、個人・チーム・団体を問わず基本的にだれでも参加OK。 それぞれの国で成年に達していること GoogleやOpen Handset Allianceの関係者でないこと (米国法上の問題から)キューバ、北朝鮮からの参加ではないこと 日程 2008/04/14 Deadline to submit applications for judging 応募締め切り 2008/05/05 Announcement of the 50 first round winners, who will be eligible for the final round 1回戦の上位50人を発表 2008/06/30 Deadline for the 50 winners of the first round to submit for the final round 最終戦の締め切り 2008/07/21 Announcement of the grand prize winner and runner-up 優勝者および優秀者の発表 参考 安藤恐竜さんの応募指南記事 本家 Android Developer Challenge
https://w.atwiki.jp/android/pages/23.html
Eclipseプラグインを使ったAndroidアプリケーションの作成 Eclipseプラグインを使わないAndroidアプリケーションの作成 |######ここまで翻訳######| Implementing Activity Callbacks Opening a New ScreenOpening a Screen Some Intent examples Returning a Result from a Screen Lifetime of the new screen Listening for Button Clicks Configuring General Window Properties Storing and Retrieving StateStoring and Retrieving Larger or More Complex Persistent Data Playing Media Files Listening For and Broadcasting Global Messages, and Setting AlarmsSending the message Receiving the message Other system messages Listening for phone events Setting Alarms Displaying AlertsNormal Alerts AlertDialog Notifications Displaying a Progress Bar Adding Your Application to the Favorites List Adding Items to the Screen MenuAdding Submenus Adding yourself to menus on other applications The offering application Display a Web Page Binding to Data Capture Images from the Phone Camera Handling Expensive Operations in the UI Thread Selecting, Highlighting, or Styling Portions of Text List of Files for an Android Application Eclipseプラグインを使ったAndroidアプリケーションの作成 Android Eclipseプラグインを使用することは、新しいAndroidアプリケーションの作成を始める最も高速で最も簡単な方法です。 プラグインは自動的にあなたのアプリケーションのために正しいプロジェクト構造を生成し、リソースを自動的にコンパイルしてくれます。 Androidアプリケーションの動作原理を理解するために、Androidアプリケーション解体新書を読んでみるのもよいでしょう。 SDKの sample/ フォルダでApiDemosアプリケーションと他のサンプルアプリケーションを見てみることもお勧めします。 最終的にはHello AndroidとNotepadのコードチュートリアルを行うことがEclipseでのAndroid開発を始めるには素敵な方法です。 特にHello Androidチュートリアルを行うことは、Eclipseで新しいAndroidアプリケーションを作成するための優れた導入方法となるでしょう。 Eclipseプラグインを使わないAndroidアプリケーションの作成 |######ここまで翻訳######| This topic describes the manual steps in creating an Android application. Before reading this, you should read Overview of an Android Application to understand the basics of how an Android application works. You might also want to look at the sample applications that ship with Android under the samples/ directory. Here is a list of the basic steps in building an application. 1. Create your required resource files This includes the AndroidManifest.xml global description file, string files that your application needs, and layout files describing your user interface. A full list of optional and required files and syntax details for each is given in File List for an Android Application. 2. Design your user interface See Implementing a UI for details on elements of the Android screen. 3. Implement your Activity (this page) You will create one class/file for each screen in your application. Screens will inherit from an android.app class, typically android.app.Activity for basic screens, android.app.ListActivity for list screens, or android.app.Dialog for dialog boxes. You will implement the required callbacks that let you draw your screen, query data, and commit changes, and also perform any required tasks such as opening additional screens or reading data from the device. Common tasks, such as opening a new screen or reading data from the device, are described below. The list of files you ll need for your application are described in List of Files for an Android Application. 4. Build and install your package. The Android SDK has some nice tools for generating projects and debugging code. Implementing Activity Callbacks Android calls a number of callbacks to let you draw your screen, store data before pausing, and refresh data after closing. You must implement at least some of these methods. See Lifetime of a Screen to learn when and in what order these methods are called. Here are some of the standard types of screen classes that Android provides android.app.Activity - This is a standard screen, with no specialization. android.app.ListActivity - This is a screen that is used to display a list of something. It hosts a ListView object, and exposes methods to let you identify the selected item, receive callbacks when the selected item changes, and perform other list-related actions. android.app.Dialog - This is a small, popup dialog-style window that isn t intended to remain in the history stack. (It is not resizeable or moveable by the user.) Opening a New Screen Your Activity will often need to open another Activity screen as it progresses. This new screen can be part of the same application or part of another application, the new screen can be floating or full screen, it can return a result, and you can decide whether to close this screen and remove it from the history stack when you are done with it, or to keep the screen open in history. These next sections describe all these options. Floating or full? When you open a new screen you can decide whether to make it transparent or floating, or full-screen. The choice of new screen affects the event sequence of events in the old screen (if the new screen obscures the old screen, a different series of events is called in the old screen). See Lifetime of an Activity for details. Transparent or floating windows are implemented in three standard ways Create an app.Dialog class Create an app.AlertDialog class Set the Theme_Dialog theme attribute to @android style/Theme.Dialog in your AndroidManifest.xml file. For example activity class="AddRssItem" android label="Add an item" android theme="@android style/Theme.Dialog"/ Calling startActivity() or startSubActivity() will open a new screen in whatever way it defines itself (if it uses a floating theme it will be floating, otherwise it will be full screen). Opening a Screen When you want to open a new screen, you can either explicitly specify the activity class to open, or you can let the operating system decide which screen to open, based upon the data and various parameters you pass in. A screen is opened by calling startActivity and passing in an Intent object, which specifies the criteria for the handling screen. To specify a specific screen, call Intent.setClass or setClassName with the exact activity class to open. Otherwise, set a variety of values and data, and let Android decide which screen is appropriate to open. Android will find one or zero Activities that match the specified requirements; it will never open multiple activities for a single request. More information on Intents and how Android resolves them to a specific class is given in the Intent topic. Some Intent examples The following snippet loads the com.google.android.samples.Animation1 class, and passes it some arbitrary data. Intent myIntent = new Intent(); myIntent.component = "com.google.android.samples.Animation1"; myIntent.putExtra("com.google.android.samples.SpecialValue", "Hello, Joe!"); // key/value pair, where key needs current package prefix. startActivity(myIntent); The next snippet requests that a Web page be opened by specifying the VIEW action, and a URI data string starting with "http //" schema Intent myIntent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW", "http //www.google.com"); myIntent.putExtra("com.google.android.samples.SpecialValue", "Hello, Joe!"); // key/value pair, where key needs current package prefix. Here is the intent filter from the AndroidManifest.xml file for com.google.android.browser intent-filter action value="android.intent.action.VIEW" / category value="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" / scheme value="http" / scheme value="https" / scheme value="file" / /intent-filter Android defines a number of standard values, for instance the action constants defined by Intent. You can define custom values, but both the caller and handler must use them. See the intent-filter tag description in AndroidManifest.xml File Details for more information on the manifest syntax for the handling application. Returning a Result from a Screen A window can return a result after it closes. This result will be passed back into the calling Activity s onActivityResult() method, which can supply an integer result code, a string of data, and a Bundle of arbitrary data, along with the request code passed to startSubActivity(). Note that you must call the startSubActivity() method that accepts a request code parameter to get this callback. The following code demonstrates opening a new screen and retrieving a result. // Open the new screen. public void onClick(View v){ // Start the activity whose result we want to retrieve. The // result will come back with request code GET_CODE. Intent intent = new Intent(this, com.example.app.ChooseYourBoxer.class); startSubActivity(intent, CHOOSE_FIGHTER); } // Listen for results. protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, String data, Bundle extras){ // See which child activity is calling us back. switch (resultCode) { case CHOOSE_FIGHTER // This is the standard resultCode that is sent back if the // activity crashed or didn t doesn t supply an explicit result. if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED){ myMessageboxFunction("Fight cancelled"); } else { myFightFunction(data, extras); } default break; } } // Class SentResult // Temporary screen to let the user choose something. private OnClickListener mLincolnListener = new OnClickListener(){ public void onClick(View v) { Bundle stats = new Bundle(); stats.putString("height","6\ 4\""); stats.putString("weight", "190 lbs"); stats.putString("reach", "74\""); setResult(RESULT_OK, "Lincoln", stats); finish(); } }; private OnClickListener mWashingtonListener = new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v){ Bundle stats = new Bundle(); stats.putString("height","6\ 2\""); stats.putString("weight", "190 lbs"); stats.putString("reach", "73\""); setResult(RESULT_OK, "Washington", Bundle); finish(); } }; Lifetime of the new screen An activity can remove itself from the history stack by calling Activity.finish() on itself, or the activity that opened the screen can call Activity.finishSubActivity() on any screens that it opens to close them. Listening for Button Clicks Button click and other UI event capturing are covered in Listening for UI Notifications on the UI Design page. Configuring General Window Properties You can set a number of general window properties, such as whether to display a title, whether the window is floating, and whether it displays an icon, by calling methods on the Window member of the underlying View object for the window. Examples include calling getWindow().requestFeature() (or the convenience method requestWindowFeature(some_feature)) to hide the title. Here is an example of hiding the title bar //Hide the title bar requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE); Storing and Retrieving State If your application is dumped from memory because of space concerns, it will lose all user interface state information such as checkbox state and text box values as well as class member values. Android calls Activity.onFreeze before it pauses the application. This method hands in a Bundle that can be used to store name/value pairs that will persist and be handed back to the application even if it is dropped from memory. Android will pass this Bundle back to you when it calls onCreate(). This Bundle only exists while the application is still in the history stack (whether or not it has been removed from memory) and will be lost when the application is finalized. See the topics for onFreeze(Bundle) and onCreate(Bundle) for examples of storing and retrieving state. Read more about the life cycle of an application in Lifetime of an Activity. Storing and Retrieving Larger or More Complex Persistent Data Your application can store files or complex collection objects, and reserve them for private use by itself or other activities in the application, or it can expose its data to all other applications on the device. See Storing, Retrieving, and Exposing Data to learn how to store and retrieve private data, how to store and retrieve common data from the device, and how to expose your private data to other applications. Playing Media Files Please see the document Android Media APIs for more details. Listening For and Broadcasting Global Messages, and Setting Alarms You can create a listening class that can be notified or even instantiated whenever a specific type of system message is sent. The listening classes, called intent receivers, extend IntentReceiver. If you want Android to instantiate the object whenever an appropriate intent notification is sent, define the receiver with a receiver element in the AndroidManifext.xml file. If the caller is expected to instantiate the object in preparation to receive a message, this is not required. The receiver will get a call to their IntentReceiver.onReceiveIntent() method. A receiver can define an intent-filter tag that describes the types of messages it will receive. Just as Android s IntentResolver will look for appropriate Activity matches for a startActivity() call, it will look for any matching Receivers (but it will send the message to all matching receiver, not the "best" match). To send a notification, the caller creates an Intent object and calls Activity.broadcastIntent() with that Intent. Multiple recipients can receive the same message. You can broadcast an Intent message to an intent receiver in any application, not only your own. If the receiving class is not registered using receiver in its manifest, you can dynamically instantiate and register a receiver by calling Context.registerReceiver(). Receivers can include intent filters to specify what kinds of intents they are listening for. Alternatively, if you expect a single known caller to contact a single known receiver, the receiver does not specify an intent filter, and the caller specifies the receiver s class name in the Intent by calling Intent.setClassName() with the recipient s class name. The recipient receives a Context object that refers to its own package, not to the package of the sender. Note If a receiver or broadcaster enforces permissions, your application might need to request permission to send or receive messages from that object. You can request permission by using the uses-permission tag in the manifest. Here is a code snippet of a sender and receiver. This example does not demonstrate registering receivers dynamically. For a full code example, see the AlarmService class in the ApiDemos project. Sending the message // We are sending this to a specific recipient, so we will // only specify the recipient class name. Intent intent = new Intent(this, AlarmReceiver.class); intent.putExtra("message","Wake up."); broadcastIntent(intent); Receiving the message Receiver AndroidManifest.xml (because there is no intent filter child, this class will only receive a broadcast when the receiver class is specified by name, as is done in this example) receiver class=".AlarmReceiver" / Receiver Java code public class AlarmReceiver extends IntentReceiver{ // Display an alert that we ve received a message. @Override public void onReceiveIntent(Context context, Intent intent){ // Send a text notification to the screen. NotificationManager nm = (NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE); nm.notifyWithText(R.id.alarm, "Alarm!!!", NotificationManager.LENGTH_SHORT, null); } } Other system messages You can listen for other system messages sent by Android as well, such as USB connection/removal messages, SMS arrival messages, and timezone changes. See Intent for a list of broadcast messages to listen for. Messages are marked "Broadcast Action" in the documentation. Listening for phone events The telephony package overview page describes how to register to listen for phone events. Setting Alarms Android provides an AlarmManager service that will let you specify an Intent to send at a designated time. This intent is typically used to start an application at a preset time. (Note If you want to send a notification to a sleeping or running application, use Handler instead.) Displaying Alerts There are two major kinds of alerts that you may display to the user (1) Normal alerts are displayed in response to a user action, such as trying to perform an action that is not allowed. (2) Out-of-band alerts, called notifications, are displayed as a result of something happening in the background, such as the user receiving new e-mail. Normal Alerts Android provides a number of ways for you to show popup notifications to your user as they interact with your application. Class Description app.AlertDialogorContext.showAlert() A popup alert dialog with two buttons (typically OK and Cancel) that take callback handlers. It can be created separately, or launched using the Application helper method Context.showAlert(). See the section after this table for more details. ProgressDialog A dialog box used to indicate progress of an operation with a known progress value or an indeterminate length (setProgress(bool)). See Views Progress Bar in ApiDemos for examples. Activity By setting the theme of an activity to android theme="android style/Theme.Dialog", your activity will take on the appearance of a normal dialog, floating on top of whatever was underneath it. You usually set the theme through the android theme attribute in your AndroidManifest.xml. The advantage of this over Dialog and AlertDialog is that Application has a much better managed lifecycle than dialogs if a dialog goes to the background and is killed, you cannot recapture state, whereas Application exposes a Bundle of saved values in onCreate() to help you maintain state. AlertDialog This is a basic warning dialog box that lets you configure a message, button text, and callback. You can create one by calling the Application helper method Context.showAlert(), as shown here. private Handler mHandler = new Handler() { public void handleMessage(Message msg) { switch (msg.what) { case ACCEPT_CALL answer(msg.obj); break; case BOUNCE_TO_VOICEMAIL voicemail(msg.obj); break; } } }; private void IncomingMotherInlawCall(Connection c) { String Text; // "Answer" callback. Message acceptMsg = Message.obtain(); acceptMsg.target = mHandler; acceptMsg.what = ACCEPT_CALL; acceptMsg.obj = c.getCall(); // "Cancel" callback. Message rejectMsg = Message.obtain(); rejectMsg.target = mHandler; rejectMsg.what = BOUNCE_TO_VOICEMAIL; rejectMsg.obj = c.getCall(); showAlert(null, "Phyllis is calling", "Answer", acceptMsg, true, rejectMsg); } Notifications Out-of-band alerts should always be displayed using the NotificationManager, which allows you to tell the user about something they may be interested in without disrupting what they are currently doing. A notification can be anything from a brief pop-up box informing the user of the new information, through displaying a persistent icon in the status bar, to vibrating, playing sounds, or flashing lights to get the user s attention. In all cases, the user must explicitly shift their focus to the notification before they can interact with it. The following code demonstrates using NotificationManager to display a basic text popup when a new SMS message arrives in a listening service, and provides the current message count. You can see several more examples in the ApiDemos application, under app/ (named notification*.java). static void setNewMessageIndicator(Context context, int messageCount){ // Get the static global NotificationManager object. NotificationManager nm = NotificationManager.getDefault(); // If we re being called because a new message has been received, // then display an icon and a count. Otherwise, delete the persistent // message. if (messageCount 0) { nm.notifyWithText(myApp.NOTIFICATION_GUID, // ID for this notification. messageCount + " new message" + messageCount 1 ? "s" "", // Text to display. NotificationManager.LENGTH_SHORT); // Show it for a short time only. } } To display a notification in the status bar and have it launch an intent when the user selects it (such as the new text message notification does), call NotificationManager.notify(), and pass in vibration patterns, status bar icons, or Intents to associate with the notification. Displaying a Progress Bar An activity can display a progress bar to notify the user that something is happening. To display a progress bar in a screen, call Activity.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_PROGRESS). To set the value of the progress bar, call Activity.getWindow().setFeatureInt(Window.FEATURE_PROGRESS, level). Progress bar values are from 0 to 9,999, or set the value to 10,000 to make the progress bar invisible. You can also use the ProgressDialog class, which enables a dialog box with an embedded progress bar to send a "I m working on it" notification to the user. Adding Your Application to the Favorites List You can t. Only a user can add an application to the Favorites list. Adding Items to the Screen Menu Every Android screen has a default menu with default options, such as adding the activity to the favorites menu. You can add your own menu entries to the default menu options by implementing Activity.onCreateOptionsMenu or Activity.onPrepareOptionsMenu(), and adding Item objects to the Menu passed in. To handle clicks implement Activity.onOptionsItemSelected() to handle the click in your Activity class. You may also pass the Item object a handler class that implements the Runnable class (a handler) but this is less efficient and discouraged. An application receives a callback at startup time to enable it to populate its menu. Additionally, it receives callbacks each time the user displays the options menu to let you perform some contextual modifications on the menu. To populate the menu on startup, override Activity.onCreateOptionsMenu; to populate it when the menu is called (somewhat less efficient), you can override Activity.onPrepareOptionsMenu(). Each Activity has its own menu list. Menu items are displayed in the order added, though you can group them as described in the Menu.add documentation. The following code snippet adds three items to the default menu options and handles them through the overridden Activity.onOptionsItemSelected() method. You can show or hide menu items by calling setItemShown() or setGroupShown(). // Called only the first time the options menu is displayed. // Create the menu entries. // Menu adds items in the order shown. @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu); // Parameters for menu.add are // group -- Not used here. // id -- Used only when you want to handle and identify the click yourself. // title menu.add(0, 0, "Zoom"); menu.add(0, 1, "Settings"); menu.add(0, 2, "Other"); return true; } // Activity callback that lets your handle the selection in the class. // Return true to indicate that you ve got it, false to indicate // that it should be handled by a declared handler object for that // item (handler objects are discouraged for reasons of efficiency). @Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(Menu.Item item){ switch (item.getId()) { case 0 showAlert("Menu Item Clicked", "Zoom", "ok", null, false, null); return true; case 1 showAlert("Menu Item Clicked", "Settings", "ok", null, false, null); return true; case 2 showAlert("Menu Item Clicked", "Other", "ok", null, false, null); return true; } return false; } You can add key shortcuts by calling the Item.setAlphabeticShortcut() or Item.setNumericShortcut() methods, as demonstrated here to add a "C" shortcut to a menu item thisItem.setAlphabeticShortcut(0, c ); Adding Submenus Add a submenu by calling Menu.addSubMenu(), which returns a SubMenu object. You can then add additional items to this menu. Menus can only be one level deep, and you can customize the appearance of the submenu menu item. @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu); // Parameters for menu.add are // group -- Not used here. // id -- Used only when you want to handle and identify the click yourself. // title menu.add(0, 0, "Send message"); menu.add(0, 1, "Settings"); menu.add(0, 2, "Local handler"); menu.add(0, 3, "Launch contact picker"); // Add our submenu. SubMenu sub = menu.addSubMenu(1, 4, "Days of the week"); sub.add(0, 5, "Monday"); sub.add(0, 6, "Tuesday"); sub.add(0, 7, "Wednesday"); sub.add(0, 8, "Thursday"); sub.add(0, 9, "Friday"); sub.add(0, 10, "Saturday"); sub.add(0, 11, "Sunday"); return true; } Adding yourself to menus on other applications You can also advertise your Activity s services so that other Activities can add your activity to their own option menu. For example, suppose you implement a new image handling tool that shrinks an image to a smaller size and you would like to offer this as a menu option to any other Activity that handles pictures. To do this, you would exposes your capabilities inside an intent filter in your manifest. If another application that handles photos asks Android for any Activities that can perform actions on pictures, Android will perform intent resolution, find your Activity, and add it to the other Activity s options menu. The offering application The application offering the service must include an intent-filter element in the manifest, inside the activity tag of the offering Activity. The intent filter includes all the details describing what it can do, such as a type element that describes the MIME type of data that it can handle, a custom action value that describes what your handling application can do (this is so that when it receives the Intent on opening it knows what it is expected to do), and most important, include a category filter with the value android.intent.category.ALTERNATIVE and/or android.intent.category.SELECTED_ALTERNATIVE (SELECTED_ALTERNATIVE is used to handle only the currently selected element on the screen, rather than the whole Activity intent. Here s an example of a snip of a manifest that advertises picture shrinking technology for both selected items and the whole screen. activity class="PictureShrink" !-- Handling class -- intent-filter label="Shrink picture" !-- Menu label to display -- action value="com.example.sampleapp.SHRINK_IT" / type value="image/*" / !-- MIME type for generic images -- category value="android.intent.category.ALTERNATIVE " / category value="android.intent.category.SELECTED_ALTERNATIVE" / /intent-filter /activity The menu-displaying application An application that wants to display a menu that includes any additional external services must, first of all, handle its menu creation callback. As part of that callback it creates an intent with the category Intent.ALTERNATIVE_CATEGORY and/or Intent.SELECTED_ALTERNATIVE, the MIME type currently selected, and any other requirements, the same way as it would satisfy an intent filter to open a new Activity. It then calls menu.addIntentOptions() to have Android search for and add any services meeting those requirements. It can optionally add additional custom menu items of its own. You should implement SELECTED_ALTERNATIVE in onPrepareOptionsMenu() rather than onCreateOptionsMenu(), because the user s selection can change after the application is launched. Here s a code snippet demonstrating how a picture application would search for additional services to display on its menu. @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu){ super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu); // Create an Intent that describes the requirements to fulfill to be included // in our menu. The offering app must include a category value of Intent.ALTERNATIVE_CATEGORY. Intent intent = new Intent(null, getIntent().getData()); intent.addCategory(Intent.ALTERNATIVE_CATEGORY); // Search for, and populate the menu with, acceptable offering applications. menu.addIntentOptions( 0, // Group 0, // Any unique IDs we might care to add. MySampleClass.class.getName(), // Name of the class displaying the menu--here, its this class. null, // No specifics. intent, // Previously created intent that describes our requirements. 0, // No flags. null); // No specifics. return true; } Display a Web Page Use the webkit.WebView object. Binding to Data You can bind a ListView to a set of underlying data by using a shim class called ListAdapter (or a subclass). ListAdapter subclasses bind to a variety of data sources, and expose a common set of methods such as getItem() and getView(), and uses them to pick View items to display in its list. You can extend ListAdapter and override getView() to create your own custom list items. There are essentially only two steps you need to perform to bind to data 1. Create a ListAdapter object and specify its data source 2. Give the ListAdapter to your ListView object. That s it! Here s an example of binding a ListActivity screen to the results from a cursor query. (Note that the setListAdapter() method shown is a convenience method that gets the page s ListView object and calls setAdapter() on it.) // Run a query and get a Cursor pointing to the results. Cursor c = People.query(this.getContentResolver(), null); startManagingCursor(c); // Create the ListAdapter. A SimpleCursorAdapter lets you specify two interesting things // an XML template for your list item, and // The column to map to a specific item, by ID, in your template. ListAdapter adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, // Use a template that displays a text view c, // Give the cursor to the list adapter new String[] {People.NAME} , // Map the NAME column in the people database to... new String[] {"text1"}); // The "text1" view defined in the XML template setListAdapter(adapter); See view/List4 in the ApiDemos project for an example of extending ListAdapter for a new data type. Capture Images from the Phone Camera You can hook into the device s camera onto your own Canvas object by using the CameraDevice class. See that class s documentation, and the ApiDemos project s Camera Preview application (Graphics/Camera Preview) for example code. Handling Expensive Operations in the UI Thread Avoid performing long-running operations (such as network I/O) directly in the UI thread — the main thread of an application where the UI is run — or your application may be blocked and become unresponsive. Here is a brief summary of the recommended approach for handling expensive operations 1. Create a Handler object in your UI thread 2. Spawn off worker threads to perform any required expensive operations 3. Post results from a worker thread back to the UI thread s handler either through a Runnable or a Message 4. Update the views on the UI thread as needed The following outline illustrates a typical implementation public class MyActivity extends Activity { [ . . . ] // Need handler for callbacks to the UI thread final Handler mHandler = new Handler(); // Create runnable for posting final Runnable mUpdateResults = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { updateResultsInUi(); } }; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle icicle) { super.onCreate(icicle); [ . . . ] } protected void startLongRunningOperation() { // Fire off a thread to do some work that we shouldn t do directly in the UI thread Thread t = new Thread() { public void run() { mResults = doSomethingExpensive(); mHandler.post(mUpdateResults); } }; t.start(); } private void updateResultsInUi() { // Back in the UI thread -- update our UI elements based on the data in mResults [ . . . ] } } For further discussions on this topic, see Developing Responsive Applications and the Handler documentation. Selecting, Highlighting, or Styling Portions of Text You can highlight or style the formatting of strings or substrings of text in a TextView object. There are two ways to do this If you use a string resource, you can add some simple styling, such as bold or italic using HTML notation. So, for example, in res/values/strings.xml you could declare this resource string id="@+id/styled_welcome_message" We are b i so /i /b glad to see you. /string /resources To style text on the fly, or to add highlighting or more complex styling, you must use the Spannable object as described next. To style text on the fly, you must make sure the TextView is using Spannable storage for the text (this will always be true if the TextView is an EditText), retrieve its text with getText(), and call setSpan(Object, int, int, int), passing in a new style class from the android.text.style package and the selection range. The following code snippet demonstrates creating a string with a highlighted section, italic section, and bold section, and adding it to an EditText object. // Get our EditText object. EditText vw = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.text); // Set the EditText s text. vw.setText("Italic, highlighted, bold."); // If this were just a TextView, we could do // vw.setText("Italic, highlighted, bold.", TextView.BufferType.SPANNABLE); // to force it to use Spannable storage so styles can be attached. // Or we could specify that in the XML. // Get the EditText s internal text storage Spannable str = vw.getText(); // Create our span sections, and assign a format to each. str.setSpan(new StyleSpan(android.graphics.Typeface.ITALIC), 0, 7, Spannable.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE); str.setSpan(new BackgroundColorSpan(0xFFFFFF00), 8, 19, Spannable.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE); str.setSpan(new StyleSpan(android.graphics.Typeface.BOLD), 21, str.length() - 1, Spannable.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE); List of Files for an Android Application The following list describes the structure and files of an Android application. Many of these files can be built for you (or stubbed out) by the activityCreator.py application shipped in the tools/ menu of the SDK. See Building an Android Sample Application for more information on using activityCreator.py. MyApp/ AndroidManifest.xml (required) Advertises the screens that this application provides, where they can be launched (from the main program menu or elsewhere), any content providers it implements and what kind of data they handle, where the implementation classes are, and other application-wide information. Syntax details for this file are described in AndroidManifest.xml. src//myPackagePath/.../MyClass.java (required) This folder holds all the source code files for your application, inside the appropriate package subfolders. res/ (required) This folder holds all the resources for your application. Resources are external data files or description files that are compiled into your code at build time. Files in different folders are compiled differently, so you must put the proper resource into the proper folder. (See Resources for details.) anim/animation1.xml... (optional) Holds any animation XML description files that the application uses. The format of these files is described in Resources. drawable/some_picture.pngsome_stretchable.9.pngsome_background.xml... (optional) Zero or more files that will be compiled to android.graphics.drawable resources. Files can be image files (png, gif, or other) or XML files describing other graphics such as bitmaps, stretchable bitmaps, or gradients. Supported bitmap file formats are PNG (preferred), JPG, and GIF (discouraged), as well as the custom 9-patch stretchable bitmap format. These formats are described in Resources. layout/screen_1_layout.xml... (optional) Holds all the XML files describing screens or parts of screens. Although you could create a screen in Java, defining them in XML files is typically easier. A layout file is similar in concept to an HTML file that describes the screen layout and components. See Implementing a UI for more information about designing screens, and Layout Resources for the syntax of these files. values/arraysclasses.xmlcolors.xmldimens.xmlstrings.xmlstyles.xmlvalues.xml (optional) XML files describing additional resources such as strings, colors, and styles. The naming, quantity, and number of these files are not enforced--any XML file is compiled, but these are the standard names given to these files. However, the syntax of these files is prescribed by Android, and described in Resources. xml/ (optional) XML files that can be read at run time on the device. raw/ (optional) Any files to be copied directly to the device.
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Eclipseプラグインを使ったAndroidアプリケーションの作成 Eclipseプラグインを使わないAndroidアプリケーションの作成 |######ここまで翻訳######| Implementing Activity Callbacks Opening a New ScreenOpening a Screen Some Intent examples Returning a Result from a Screen Lifetime of the new screen Listening for Button Clicks Configuring General Window Properties Storing and Retrieving StateStoring and Retrieving Larger or More Complex Persistent Data Playing Media Files Listening For and Broadcasting Global Messages, and Setting AlarmsSending the message Receiving the message Other system messages Listening for phone events Setting Alarms Displaying AlertsNormal Alerts AlertDialog Notifications Displaying a Progress Bar Adding Your Application to the Favorites List Adding Items to the Screen MenuAdding Submenus Adding yourself to menus on other applications The offering application Display a Web Page Binding to Data Capture Images from the Phone Camera Handling Expensive Operations in the UI Thread Selecting, Highlighting, or Styling Portions of Text List of Files for an Android Application Eclipseプラグインを使ったAndroidアプリケーションの作成 Android Eclipseプラグインを使用することは、新しいAndroidアプリケーションの作成を始める最も高速で最も簡単な方法です。 プラグインは自動的にあなたのアプリケーションのために正しいプロジェクト構造を生成し、リソースを自動的にコンパイルしてくれます。 Androidアプリケーションの動作原理を理解するために、Androidアプリケーション解体新書を読んでみるのもよいでしょう。 SDKの sample/ フォルダでApiDemosアプリケーションと他のサンプルアプリケーションを見てみることもお勧めします。 最終的にはHello AndroidとNotepadのコードチュートリアルを行うことがEclipseでのAndroid開発を始めるには素敵な方法です。 特にHello Androidチュートリアルを行うことは、Eclipseで新しいAndroidアプリケーションを作成するための優れた導入方法となるでしょう。 Eclipseプラグインを使わないAndroidアプリケーションの作成 |######ここまで翻訳######| This topic describes the manual steps in creating an Android application. Before reading this, you should read Overview of an Android Application to understand the basics of how an Android application works. You might also want to look at the sample applications that ship with Android under the samples/ directory. Here is a list of the basic steps in building an application. 1. Create your required resource files This includes the AndroidManifest.xml global description file, string files that your application needs, and layout files describing your user interface. A full list of optional and required files and syntax details for each is given in File List for an Android Application. 2. Design your user interface See Implementing a UI for details on elements of the Android screen. 3. Implement your Activity (this page) You will create one class/file for each screen in your application. Screens will inherit from an android.app class, typically android.app.Activity for basic screens, android.app.ListActivity for list screens, or android.app.Dialog for dialog boxes. You will implement the required callbacks that let you draw your screen, query data, and commit changes, and also perform any required tasks such as opening additional screens or reading data from the device. Common tasks, such as opening a new screen or reading data from the device, are described below. The list of files you ll need for your application are described in List of Files for an Android Application. 4. Build and install your package. The Android SDK has some nice tools for generating projects and debugging code. Implementing Activity Callbacks Android calls a number of callbacks to let you draw your screen, store data before pausing, and refresh data after closing. You must implement at least some of these methods. See Lifetime of a Screen to learn when and in what order these methods are called. Here are some of the standard types of screen classes that Android provides android.app.Activity - This is a standard screen, with no specialization. android.app.ListActivity - This is a screen that is used to display a list of something. It hosts a ListView object, and exposes methods to let you identify the selected item, receive callbacks when the selected item changes, and perform other list-related actions. android.app.Dialog - This is a small, popup dialog-style window that isn t intended to remain in the history stack. (It is not resizeable or moveable by the user.) Opening a New Screen Your Activity will often need to open another Activity screen as it progresses. This new screen can be part of the same application or part of another application, the new screen can be floating or full screen, it can return a result, and you can decide whether to close this screen and remove it from the history stack when you are done with it, or to keep the screen open in history. These next sections describe all these options. Floating or full? When you open a new screen you can decide whether to make it transparent or floating, or full-screen. The choice of new screen affects the event sequence of events in the old screen (if the new screen obscures the old screen, a different series of events is called in the old screen). See Lifetime of an Activity for details. Transparent or floating windows are implemented in three standard ways Create an app.Dialog class Create an app.AlertDialog class Set the Theme_Dialog theme attribute to @android style/Theme.Dialog in your AndroidManifest.xml file. For example activity class="AddRssItem" android label="Add an item" android theme="@android style/Theme.Dialog"/ Calling startActivity() or startSubActivity() will open a new screen in whatever way it defines itself (if it uses a floating theme it will be floating, otherwise it will be full screen). Opening a Screen When you want to open a new screen, you can either explicitly specify the activity class to open, or you can let the operating system decide which screen to open, based upon the data and various parameters you pass in. A screen is opened by calling startActivity and passing in an Intent object, which specifies the criteria for the handling screen. To specify a specific screen, call Intent.setClass or setClassName with the exact activity class to open. Otherwise, set a variety of values and data, and let Android decide which screen is appropriate to open. Android will find one or zero Activities that match the specified requirements; it will never open multiple activities for a single request. More information on Intents and how Android resolves them to a specific class is given in the Intent topic. Some Intent examples The following snippet loads the com.google.android.samples.Animation1 class, and passes it some arbitrary data. Intent myIntent = new Intent(); myIntent.component = "com.google.android.samples.Animation1"; myIntent.putExtra("com.google.android.samples.SpecialValue", "Hello, Joe!"); // key/value pair, where key needs current package prefix. startActivity(myIntent); The next snippet requests that a Web page be opened by specifying the VIEW action, and a URI data string starting with "http //" schema Intent myIntent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW", "http //www.google.com"); myIntent.putExtra("com.google.android.samples.SpecialValue", "Hello, Joe!"); // key/value pair, where key needs current package prefix. Here is the intent filter from the AndroidManifest.xml file for com.google.android.browser intent-filter action value="android.intent.action.VIEW" / category value="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" / scheme value="http" / scheme value="https" / scheme value="file" / /intent-filter Android defines a number of standard values, for instance the action constants defined by Intent. You can define custom values, but both the caller and handler must use them. See the intent-filter tag description in AndroidManifest.xml File Details for more information on the manifest syntax for the handling application. Returning a Result from a Screen A window can return a result after it closes. This result will be passed back into the calling Activity s onActivityResult() method, which can supply an integer result code, a string of data, and a Bundle of arbitrary data, along with the request code passed to startSubActivity(). Note that you must call the startSubActivity() method that accepts a request code parameter to get this callback. The following code demonstrates opening a new screen and retrieving a result. // Open the new screen. public void onClick(View v){ // Start the activity whose result we want to retrieve. The // result will come back with request code GET_CODE. Intent intent = new Intent(this, com.example.app.ChooseYourBoxer.class); startSubActivity(intent, CHOOSE_FIGHTER); } // Listen for results. protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, String data, Bundle extras){ // See which child activity is calling us back. switch (resultCode) { case CHOOSE_FIGHTER // This is the standard resultCode that is sent back if the // activity crashed or didn t doesn t supply an explicit result. if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED){ myMessageboxFunction("Fight cancelled"); } else { myFightFunction(data, extras); } default break; } } // Class SentResult // Temporary screen to let the user choose something. private OnClickListener mLincolnListener = new OnClickListener(){ public void onClick(View v) { Bundle stats = new Bundle(); stats.putString("height","6\ 4\""); stats.putString("weight", "190 lbs"); stats.putString("reach", "74\""); setResult(RESULT_OK, "Lincoln", stats); finish(); } }; private OnClickListener mWashingtonListener = new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v){ Bundle stats = new Bundle(); stats.putString("height","6\ 2\""); stats.putString("weight", "190 lbs"); stats.putString("reach", "73\""); setResult(RESULT_OK, "Washington", Bundle); finish(); } }; Lifetime of the new screen An activity can remove itself from the history stack by calling Activity.finish() on itself, or the activity that opened the screen can call Activity.finishSubActivity() on any screens that it opens to close them. Listening for Button Clicks Button click and other UI event capturing are covered in Listening for UI Notifications on the UI Design page. Configuring General Window Properties You can set a number of general window properties, such as whether to display a title, whether the window is floating, and whether it displays an icon, by calling methods on the Window member of the underlying View object for the window. Examples include calling getWindow().requestFeature() (or the convenience method requestWindowFeature(some_feature)) to hide the title. Here is an example of hiding the title bar //Hide the title bar requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE); Storing and Retrieving State If your application is dumped from memory because of space concerns, it will lose all user interface state information such as checkbox state and text box values as well as class member values. Android calls Activity.onFreeze before it pauses the application. This method hands in a Bundle that can be used to store name/value pairs that will persist and be handed back to the application even if it is dropped from memory. Android will pass this Bundle back to you when it calls onCreate(). This Bundle only exists while the application is still in the history stack (whether or not it has been removed from memory) and will be lost when the application is finalized. See the topics for onFreeze(Bundle) and onCreate(Bundle) for examples of storing and retrieving state. Read more about the life cycle of an application in Lifetime of an Activity. Storing and Retrieving Larger or More Complex Persistent Data Your application can store files or complex collection objects, and reserve them for private use by itself or other activities in the application, or it can expose its data to all other applications on the device. See Storing, Retrieving, and Exposing Data to learn how to store and retrieve private data, how to store and retrieve common data from the device, and how to expose your private data to other applications. Playing Media Files Please see the document Android Media APIs for more details. Listening For and Broadcasting Global Messages, and Setting Alarms You can create a listening class that can be notified or even instantiated whenever a specific type of system message is sent. The listening classes, called intent receivers, extend IntentReceiver. If you want Android to instantiate the object whenever an appropriate intent notification is sent, define the receiver with a receiver element in the AndroidManifext.xml file. If the caller is expected to instantiate the object in preparation to receive a message, this is not required. The receiver will get a call to their IntentReceiver.onReceiveIntent() method. A receiver can define an intent-filter tag that describes the types of messages it will receive. Just as Android s IntentResolver will look for appropriate Activity matches for a startActivity() call, it will look for any matching Receivers (but it will send the message to all matching receiver, not the "best" match). To send a notification, the caller creates an Intent object and calls Activity.broadcastIntent() with that Intent. Multiple recipients can receive the same message. You can broadcast an Intent message to an intent receiver in any application, not only your own. If the receiving class is not registered using receiver in its manifest, you can dynamically instantiate and register a receiver by calling Context.registerReceiver(). Receivers can include intent filters to specify what kinds of intents they are listening for. Alternatively, if you expect a single known caller to contact a single known receiver, the receiver does not specify an intent filter, and the caller specifies the receiver s class name in the Intent by calling Intent.setClassName() with the recipient s class name. The recipient receives a Context object that refers to its own package, not to the package of the sender. Note If a receiver or broadcaster enforces permissions, your application might need to request permission to send or receive messages from that object. You can request permission by using the uses-permission tag in the manifest. Here is a code snippet of a sender and receiver. This example does not demonstrate registering receivers dynamically. For a full code example, see the AlarmService class in the ApiDemos project. Sending the message // We are sending this to a specific recipient, so we will // only specify the recipient class name. Intent intent = new Intent(this, AlarmReceiver.class); intent.putExtra("message","Wake up."); broadcastIntent(intent); Receiving the message Receiver AndroidManifest.xml (because there is no intent filter child, this class will only receive a broadcast when the receiver class is specified by name, as is done in this example) receiver class=".AlarmReceiver" / Receiver Java code public class AlarmReceiver extends IntentReceiver{ // Display an alert that we ve received a message. @Override public void onReceiveIntent(Context context, Intent intent){ // Send a text notification to the screen. NotificationManager nm = (NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE); nm.notifyWithText(R.id.alarm, "Alarm!!!", NotificationManager.LENGTH_SHORT, null); } } Other system messages You can listen for other system messages sent by Android as well, such as USB connection/removal messages, SMS arrival messages, and timezone changes. See Intent for a list of broadcast messages to listen for. Messages are marked "Broadcast Action" in the documentation. Listening for phone events The telephony package overview page describes how to register to listen for phone events. Setting Alarms Android provides an AlarmManager service that will let you specify an Intent to send at a designated time. This intent is typically used to start an application at a preset time. (Note If you want to send a notification to a sleeping or running application, use Handler instead.) Displaying Alerts There are two major kinds of alerts that you may display to the user (1) Normal alerts are displayed in response to a user action, such as trying to perform an action that is not allowed. (2) Out-of-band alerts, called notifications, are displayed as a result of something happening in the background, such as the user receiving new e-mail. Normal Alerts Android provides a number of ways for you to show popup notifications to your user as they interact with your application. Class Description app.AlertDialogorContext.showAlert() A popup alert dialog with two buttons (typically OK and Cancel) that take callback handlers. It can be created separately, or launched using the Application helper method Context.showAlert(). See the section after this table for more details. ProgressDialog A dialog box used to indicate progress of an operation with a known progress value or an indeterminate length (setProgress(bool)). See Views Progress Bar in ApiDemos for examples. Activity By setting the theme of an activity to android theme="android style/Theme.Dialog", your activity will take on the appearance of a normal dialog, floating on top of whatever was underneath it. You usually set the theme through the android theme attribute in your AndroidManifest.xml. The advantage of this over Dialog and AlertDialog is that Application has a much better managed lifecycle than dialogs if a dialog goes to the background and is killed, you cannot recapture state, whereas Application exposes a Bundle of saved values in onCreate() to help you maintain state. AlertDialog This is a basic warning dialog box that lets you configure a message, button text, and callback. You can create one by calling the Application helper method Context.showAlert(), as shown here. private Handler mHandler = new Handler() { public void handleMessage(Message msg) { switch (msg.what) { case ACCEPT_CALL answer(msg.obj); break; case BOUNCE_TO_VOICEMAIL voicemail(msg.obj); break; } } }; private void IncomingMotherInlawCall(Connection c) { String Text; // "Answer" callback. Message acceptMsg = Message.obtain(); acceptMsg.target = mHandler; acceptMsg.what = ACCEPT_CALL; acceptMsg.obj = c.getCall(); // "Cancel" callback. Message rejectMsg = Message.obtain(); rejectMsg.target = mHandler; rejectMsg.what = BOUNCE_TO_VOICEMAIL; rejectMsg.obj = c.getCall(); showAlert(null, "Phyllis is calling", "Answer", acceptMsg, true, rejectMsg); } Notifications Out-of-band alerts should always be displayed using the NotificationManager, which allows you to tell the user about something they may be interested in without disrupting what they are currently doing. A notification can be anything from a brief pop-up box informing the user of the new information, through displaying a persistent icon in the status bar, to vibrating, playing sounds, or flashing lights to get the user s attention. In all cases, the user must explicitly shift their focus to the notification before they can interact with it. The following code demonstrates using NotificationManager to display a basic text popup when a new SMS message arrives in a listening service, and provides the current message count. You can see several more examples in the ApiDemos application, under app/ (named notification*.java). static void setNewMessageIndicator(Context context, int messageCount){ // Get the static global NotificationManager object. NotificationManager nm = NotificationManager.getDefault(); // If we re being called because a new message has been received, // then display an icon and a count. Otherwise, delete the persistent // message. if (messageCount 0) { nm.notifyWithText(myApp.NOTIFICATION_GUID, // ID for this notification. messageCount + " new message" + messageCount 1 ? "s" "", // Text to display. NotificationManager.LENGTH_SHORT); // Show it for a short time only. } } To display a notification in the status bar and have it launch an intent when the user selects it (such as the new text message notification does), call NotificationManager.notify(), and pass in vibration patterns, status bar icons, or Intents to associate with the notification. Displaying a Progress Bar An activity can display a progress bar to notify the user that something is happening. To display a progress bar in a screen, call Activity.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_PROGRESS). To set the value of the progress bar, call Activity.getWindow().setFeatureInt(Window.FEATURE_PROGRESS, level). Progress bar values are from 0 to 9,999, or set the value to 10,000 to make the progress bar invisible. You can also use the ProgressDialog class, which enables a dialog box with an embedded progress bar to send a "I m working on it" notification to the user. Adding Your Application to the Favorites List You can t. Only a user can add an application to the Favorites list. Adding Items to the Screen Menu Every Android screen has a default menu with default options, such as adding the activity to the favorites menu. You can add your own menu entries to the default menu options by implementing Activity.onCreateOptionsMenu or Activity.onPrepareOptionsMenu(), and adding Item objects to the Menu passed in. To handle clicks implement Activity.onOptionsItemSelected() to handle the click in your Activity class. You may also pass the Item object a handler class that implements the Runnable class (a handler) but this is less efficient and discouraged. An application receives a callback at startup time to enable it to populate its menu. Additionally, it receives callbacks each time the user displays the options menu to let you perform some contextual modifications on the menu. To populate the menu on startup, override Activity.onCreateOptionsMenu; to populate it when the menu is called (somewhat less efficient), you can override Activity.onPrepareOptionsMenu(). Each Activity has its own menu list. Menu items are displayed in the order added, though you can group them as described in the Menu.add documentation. The following code snippet adds three items to the default menu options and handles them through the overridden Activity.onOptionsItemSelected() method. You can show or hide menu items by calling setItemShown() or setGroupShown(). // Called only the first time the options menu is displayed. // Create the menu entries. // Menu adds items in the order shown. @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu); // Parameters for menu.add are // group -- Not used here. // id -- Used only when you want to handle and identify the click yourself. // title menu.add(0, 0, "Zoom"); menu.add(0, 1, "Settings"); menu.add(0, 2, "Other"); return true; } // Activity callback that lets your handle the selection in the class. // Return true to indicate that you ve got it, false to indicate // that it should be handled by a declared handler object for that // item (handler objects are discouraged for reasons of efficiency). @Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(Menu.Item item){ switch (item.getId()) { case 0 showAlert("Menu Item Clicked", "Zoom", "ok", null, false, null); return true; case 1 showAlert("Menu Item Clicked", "Settings", "ok", null, false, null); return true; case 2 showAlert("Menu Item Clicked", "Other", "ok", null, false, null); return true; } return false; } You can add key shortcuts by calling the Item.setAlphabeticShortcut() or Item.setNumericShortcut() methods, as demonstrated here to add a "C" shortcut to a menu item thisItem.setAlphabeticShortcut(0, c ); Adding Submenus Add a submenu by calling Menu.addSubMenu(), which returns a SubMenu object. You can then add additional items to this menu. Menus can only be one level deep, and you can customize the appearance of the submenu menu item. @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu); // Parameters for menu.add are // group -- Not used here. // id -- Used only when you want to handle and identify the click yourself. // title menu.add(0, 0, "Send message"); menu.add(0, 1, "Settings"); menu.add(0, 2, "Local handler"); menu.add(0, 3, "Launch contact picker"); // Add our submenu. SubMenu sub = menu.addSubMenu(1, 4, "Days of the week"); sub.add(0, 5, "Monday"); sub.add(0, 6, "Tuesday"); sub.add(0, 7, "Wednesday"); sub.add(0, 8, "Thursday"); sub.add(0, 9, "Friday"); sub.add(0, 10, "Saturday"); sub.add(0, 11, "Sunday"); return true; } Adding yourself to menus on other applications You can also advertise your Activity s services so that other Activities can add your activity to their own option menu. For example, suppose you implement a new image handling tool that shrinks an image to a smaller size and you would like to offer this as a menu option to any other Activity that handles pictures. To do this, you would exposes your capabilities inside an intent filter in your manifest. If another application that handles photos asks Android for any Activities that can perform actions on pictures, Android will perform intent resolution, find your Activity, and add it to the other Activity s options menu. The offering application The application offering the service must include an intent-filter element in the manifest, inside the activity tag of the offering Activity. The intent filter includes all the details describing what it can do, such as a type element that describes the MIME type of data that it can handle, a custom action value that describes what your handling application can do (this is so that when it receives the Intent on opening it knows what it is expected to do), and most important, include a category filter with the value android.intent.category.ALTERNATIVE and/or android.intent.category.SELECTED_ALTERNATIVE (SELECTED_ALTERNATIVE is used to handle only the currently selected element on the screen, rather than the whole Activity intent. Here s an example of a snip of a manifest that advertises picture shrinking technology for both selected items and the whole screen. activity class="PictureShrink" !-- Handling class -- intent-filter label="Shrink picture" !-- Menu label to display -- action value="com.example.sampleapp.SHRINK_IT" / type value="image/*" / !-- MIME type for generic images -- category value="android.intent.category.ALTERNATIVE " / category value="android.intent.category.SELECTED_ALTERNATIVE" / /intent-filter /activity The menu-displaying application An application that wants to display a menu that includes any additional external services must, first of all, handle its menu creation callback. As part of that callback it creates an intent with the category Intent.ALTERNATIVE_CATEGORY and/or Intent.SELECTED_ALTERNATIVE, the MIME type currently selected, and any other requirements, the same way as it would satisfy an intent filter to open a new Activity. It then calls menu.addIntentOptions() to have Android search for and add any services meeting those requirements. It can optionally add additional custom menu items of its own. You should implement SELECTED_ALTERNATIVE in onPrepareOptionsMenu() rather than onCreateOptionsMenu(), because the user s selection can change after the application is launched. Here s a code snippet demonstrating how a picture application would search for additional services to display on its menu. @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu){ super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu); // Create an Intent that describes the requirements to fulfill to be included // in our menu. The offering app must include a category value of Intent.ALTERNATIVE_CATEGORY. Intent intent = new Intent(null, getIntent().getData()); intent.addCategory(Intent.ALTERNATIVE_CATEGORY); // Search for, and populate the menu with, acceptable offering applications. menu.addIntentOptions( 0, // Group 0, // Any unique IDs we might care to add. MySampleClass.class.getName(), // Name of the class displaying the menu--here, its this class. null, // No specifics. intent, // Previously created intent that describes our requirements. 0, // No flags. null); // No specifics. return true; } Display a Web Page Use the webkit.WebView object. Binding to Data You can bind a ListView to a set of underlying data by using a shim class called ListAdapter (or a subclass). ListAdapter subclasses bind to a variety of data sources, and expose a common set of methods such as getItem() and getView(), and uses them to pick View items to display in its list. You can extend ListAdapter and override getView() to create your own custom list items. There are essentially only two steps you need to perform to bind to data 1. Create a ListAdapter object and specify its data source 2. Give the ListAdapter to your ListView object. That s it! Here s an example of binding a ListActivity screen to the results from a cursor query. (Note that the setListAdapter() method shown is a convenience method that gets the page s ListView object and calls setAdapter() on it.) // Run a query and get a Cursor pointing to the results. Cursor c = People.query(this.getContentResolver(), null); startManagingCursor(c); // Create the ListAdapter. A SimpleCursorAdapter lets you specify two interesting things // an XML template for your list item, and // The column to map to a specific item, by ID, in your template. ListAdapter adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, // Use a template that displays a text view c, // Give the cursor to the list adapter new String[] {People.NAME} , // Map the NAME column in the people database to... new String[] {"text1"}); // The "text1" view defined in the XML template setListAdapter(adapter); See view/List4 in the ApiDemos project for an example of extending ListAdapter for a new data type. Capture Images from the Phone Camera You can hook into the device s camera onto your own Canvas object by using the CameraDevice class. See that class s documentation, and the ApiDemos project s Camera Preview application (Graphics/Camera Preview) for example code. Handling Expensive Operations in the UI Thread Avoid performing long-running operations (such as network I/O) directly in the UI thread — the main thread of an application where the UI is run — or your application may be blocked and become unresponsive. Here is a brief summary of the recommended approach for handling expensive operations 1. Create a Handler object in your UI thread 2. Spawn off worker threads to perform any required expensive operations 3. Post results from a worker thread back to the UI thread s handler either through a Runnable or a Message 4. Update the views on the UI thread as needed The following outline illustrates a typical implementation public class MyActivity extends Activity { [ . . . ] // Need handler for callbacks to the UI thread final Handler mHandler = new Handler(); // Create runnable for posting final Runnable mUpdateResults = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { updateResultsInUi(); } }; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle icicle) { super.onCreate(icicle); [ . . . ] } protected void startLongRunningOperation() { // Fire off a thread to do some work that we shouldn t do directly in the UI thread Thread t = new Thread() { public void run() { mResults = doSomethingExpensive(); mHandler.post(mUpdateResults); } }; t.start(); } private void updateResultsInUi() { // Back in the UI thread -- update our UI elements based on the data in mResults [ . . . ] } } For further discussions on this topic, see Developing Responsive Applications and the Handler documentation. Selecting, Highlighting, or Styling Portions of Text You can highlight or style the formatting of strings or substrings of text in a TextView object. There are two ways to do this If you use a string resource, you can add some simple styling, such as bold or italic using HTML notation. So, for example, in res/values/strings.xml you could declare this resource string id="@+id/styled_welcome_message" We are b i so /i /b glad to see you. /string /resources To style text on the fly, or to add highlighting or more complex styling, you must use the Spannable object as described next. To style text on the fly, you must make sure the TextView is using Spannable storage for the text (this will always be true if the TextView is an EditText), retrieve its text with getText(), and call setSpan(Object, int, int, int), passing in a new style class from the android.text.style package and the selection range. The following code snippet demonstrates creating a string with a highlighted section, italic section, and bold section, and adding it to an EditText object. // Get our EditText object. EditText vw = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.text); // Set the EditText s text. vw.setText("Italic, highlighted, bold."); // If this were just a TextView, we could do // vw.setText("Italic, highlighted, bold.", TextView.BufferType.SPANNABLE); // to force it to use Spannable storage so styles can be attached. // Or we could specify that in the XML. // Get the EditText s internal text storage Spannable str = vw.getText(); // Create our span sections, and assign a format to each. str.setSpan(new StyleSpan(android.graphics.Typeface.ITALIC), 0, 7, Spannable.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE); str.setSpan(new BackgroundColorSpan(0xFFFFFF00), 8, 19, Spannable.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE); str.setSpan(new StyleSpan(android.graphics.Typeface.BOLD), 21, str.length() - 1, Spannable.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE); List of Files for an Android Application The following list describes the structure and files of an Android application. Many of these files can be built for you (or stubbed out) by the activityCreator.py application shipped in the tools/ menu of the SDK. See Building an Android Sample Application for more information on using activityCreator.py. MyApp/ AndroidManifest.xml (required) Advertises the screens that this application provides, where they can be launched (from the main program menu or elsewhere), any content providers it implements and what kind of data they handle, where the implementation classes are, and other application-wide information. Syntax details for this file are described in AndroidManifest.xml. src//myPackagePath/.../MyClass.java (required) This folder holds all the source code files for your application, inside the appropriate package subfolders. res/ (required) This folder holds all the resources for your application. Resources are external data files or description files that are compiled into your code at build time. Files in different folders are compiled differently, so you must put the proper resource into the proper folder. (See Resources for details.) anim/animation1.xml... (optional) Holds any animation XML description files that the application uses. The format of these files is described in Resources. drawable/some_picture.pngsome_stretchable.9.pngsome_background.xml... (optional) Zero or more files that will be compiled to android.graphics.drawable resources. Files can be image files (png, gif, or other) or XML files describing other graphics such as bitmaps, stretchable bitmaps, or gradients. Supported bitmap file formats are PNG (preferred), JPG, and GIF (discouraged), as well as the custom 9-patch stretchable bitmap format. These formats are described in Resources. layout/screen_1_layout.xml... (optional) Holds all the XML files describing screens or parts of screens. Although you could create a screen in Java, defining them in XML files is typically easier. A layout file is similar in concept to an HTML file that describes the screen layout and components. See Implementing a UI for more information about designing screens, and Layout Resources for the syntax of these files. values/arraysclasses.xmlcolors.xmldimens.xmlstrings.xmlstyles.xmlvalues.xml (optional) XML files describing additional resources such as strings, colors, and styles. The naming, quantity, and number of these files are not enforced--any XML file is compiled, but these are the standard names given to these files. However, the syntax of these files is prescribed by Android, and described in Resources. xml/ (optional) XML files that can be read at run time on the device. raw/ (optional) Any files to be copied directly to the device.