約 1,990,487 件
https://w.atwiki.jp/flashssd/pages/26.html
OS：Win XP SP2 M/B：ASUS P5B Deluxe (ICH8R) CPU：Core 2 Duo E6600 CrystalMark 2004R2 [0.9.123.402] MTRON MSD-SATA3035 64GB [ HDD ] 13797 Read 79.47 MB/s ( 3178) Write 61.31 MB/s ( 2452) RandomRead512K 79.07 MB/s ( 3162) RandomWrite512K 35.82 MB/s ( 1432) RandomRead 64K 74.18 MB/s ( 2967) RandomWrite 64K 15.17 MB/s ( 606) CrystalDiskMark 1.0 MTRON MSD-SATA3035 64GB Sequential Read 83.300 MB/s Sequential Write 69.299 MB/s Random Read 512KB 83.028 MB/s Random Write 512KB 40.517 MB/s Random Read 4KB 31.104 MB/s Random Write 4KB 0.746 MB/s Sequential Read 83.579 MB/s Sequential Write 66.873 MB/s Random Read 512KB 83.220 MB/s Random Write 512KB 39.358 MB/s Random Read 4KB 31.176 MB/s Random Write 4KB 3.943 MB/s Test Size 100 MB Date 2008/12/07 8 36 58 HD Tune Pro Results (参照)
https://w.atwiki.jp/create_tokyotech/pages/79.html
G-sat3の運用報告書が完成しました！! 先日アップした報告書のより詳細なものとなっています！ G-sat3は超小型衛星模型"Cansat"と呼ばれる枠組みに属しています。上空からの自由落下によって微小重力環境を生成することを目標としており、この目標を掲げたプロジェクト3代目の機体となります。 CREATEで製作しているハイブリッドロケットのペイロードとして搭載し、2012年8月に能代宇宙イベントで打上げました。 機体の詳細、微小重力環境生成の結果については下記の報告書(pdfファイル)をご覧下さい。 G-sat3報告書 また、打上げの際に運用したロケットアビオニクスの報告書(pdfファイル)も下記から見れます。 G-sat3ロケットアビオニクス報告書 電装兼広報担当 長峰
https://w.atwiki.jp/ffxi_drk/pages/312.html
暗黒騎士/武器/片手剣 LV51-60 名称 種族 D 隔 D/隔 Lv Ex Rare 備考 ダークソード 全種 31 254 12.2 51 ダークソード+1 全種 32 242 13.22 51 連邦軍師帯剣+1 全種 38 249 15.26 52 攻+12 他国支配地域：HP+18 連邦軍師帯剣+2 全種 39 241 16.18 52 攻+12 他国支配地域：HP+20 神殿騎士団長剣+1 全種 33 233 14.16 52 他国支配地域：DEX+3 神殿騎士団長剣+2 全種 34 225 15.11 52 他国支配地域：DEX+4 ダークファルシオン 全種 36 260 13.85 53 クレセントソード 全種 37 248 14.92 53 銃士隊長制式曲刀 全種 36 236 15.25 55 命中+3 攻+6 連邦賢者制式小剣 全種 28 226 12.39 55 回避+3 防+3 連邦賢者制式帯剣 全種 34 226 15.04 55 攻+14 ブラッドソード 全種 44 290 15.17 55 Rare STR+4 DEX+4 VIT-8 AGI+4 INT+4 MND-8 CHR-8 追加効果：HP吸収 ブレイブブレード 全種 34 236 14.41 55 サーベル 全種 36 240 15 56 サーベル+1 全種 37 233 15.88 56 ハンガー 全種 34 225 15.11 57 ハンガー+1 全種 35 218 16.06 57 グラットンソード 全種 44 295 14.92 57 Rare STR-1 DEX-1 VIT+7 AGI-1 INT-1 MND-1 CHR-1 ブラッディブレード 全種 35 247 14.17 58 追加効果：HP吸収 カルネージブレード 全種 36 236 15.25 58 追加効果：HP吸収 サーメットソード 全種 32 220 14.55 59 サーメットソード+1 全種 33 213 15.49 59 メイルブレイカー 全種 30 226 13.27 60 メイルブレイカー+1 全種 31 220 14.09 60 バスタードソード 全種 43 264 16.29 60 バスタードソード+1 全種 44 258 17.05 60 グリードシミター 全種 38 260 14.62 60 Rare STR-1 DEX+7 VIT-1 AGI-1 INT-1 MND-1 CHR-1
https://w.atwiki.jp/mtgflavortext/pages/13335.html
imageプラグインエラー ご指定のファイルが見つかりません。ファイル名を確認して、再度指定してください。 (Savor.png) 食べられるかどうかは、見る者の目にかかっている。 Edibility is in the eye of the beholder. ブルームバロウ 【M TG Wiki】 名前
https://w.atwiki.jp/hyosida/pages/23.html
easy2boot これまでいろいろなLinuxを試してみたが、いちいちISOファイルをUSBメモリに起動可能な状態に書き込んで、とっかえひっかえしていたが、USBメモリにどのLinuxを入れたかわからなくなるし、流石に数が増えると鬱陶しくなってきた。 そんな折り、easy2bootという便利なものを発見した。 https //ytooyama.hatenadiary.jp/entry/2018/03/14/001928 http //hirogura.com/2016/04/07/post-1211/ などが参考になる。 言われるがままに32MBのUSBメモリにいろんなisoを突っ込んだ。Windowsもいけるらしいがこのときはなんちゃらというソフトをインストールせなあかんらしいが、まあちょっと嫌な感じがしたのでやめた。 結果 結局これは2段階にブートするような仕組みで、要するに1度目のブートでどのisoから立ち上げるかを選択し、次の2段階目のブートで選択したisoが起動する、というイメージ。 konoppix8.2、ubuntu18.04、linux mint 19.3(32/64bit)、linux bean 14.042、systemrescueCD 6.1.0(32/64bit) 32bitは6.0.7、そしてBionix puppy linux19.03(32/64bit)、berry linux1.31すべてうまく起動できたが唯一ダメだったのがpresice puppy linux 5.7.1日本語版。 puppy linuxはライブUSBでもセッションの状態をファイルに保存することができ、このあたりがうまく働かないかもしれない。puppy linuxはちょっと変わっているのでややこしそう。これだけは一緒のUSBにしないほうがいいかも。 OSのインストール どれかのisoを選択して起動する、というのはいわば特定のCDROM(DVDROM)を起動したのと同じ状態であるから、普通は次にインストールへ進むはずである。そこで、isoを起動したあと、インストールしてみた。一番厄介そうなBionic puppy linux(64bit)でフルインストールしてみたが、結果的には特に問題もなく普通にできた。 少し関係ないがフルインストールの場合はNTFSは受け付けてくれずfat32にしたらできた。 frugalインストールは試していない。が、多分大丈夫だろう。
https://w.atwiki.jp/keroro00innovator/pages/1496.html
SAVIOR OF SONG SAVIOR OF SONG アーティスト ナノ 発売日 2013年10月30日 レーベル フライングドッグ デイリー最高順位 2位(2013年11月1日) 週間最高順位 3位(2013年11月5日) 月間最高順位 8位(2013年10月) 年間最高順位 91位(2013年) 初動売上 10376 累計売上 29159 ロングセラー 収録内容 曲名 タイアップ 視聴 1 SAVIOR OF SONG 蒼き鋼のアルペジオ―アルス・ノヴァ― OP 2 Silver Sky 蒼き鋼のアルペジオ―アルス・ノヴァ― 挿入歌 ランキング 週 月日 順位 変動 週/月間枚数 累計枚数 1 11/5 3 新 10376 10376 2013年10月 8 新 10376 10376 2 11/12 12 ↓ 3208 13584 3 11/19 20 ↓ 1800 15384 4 11/26 ↓ 1328 16712 5 12/3 1237 17949 2013年11月 29 ↓ 7573 17949 6 12/10 911 18860 7 12/17 15 ↑ 837 19697 8 12/24 16 ↓ 747 20444 9 14/1/5 11 ↑ 1232 21676 2013年12月 18 ↑ 3727 21676 10 1/7 7 ↑ 1344 23020 11 1/14 10 ↓ 1025 24045 12 1/21 15 ↓ 668 24713 13 1/28 15 → 654 25367 14 2/4 ↓ 543 25910 2014年1月 28 ↓ 4234 25910 15 2/11 442 26352 16 2/18 439 26791 17 2/25 417 27208 18 3/4 335 27543 2014年2月 ↓ 1633 27543 19 3/11 302 27845 20 3/18 270 28115 21 4/1 258 28373 2014年3月 830 28373 22 4/8 229 28602 23 4/15 181 28783 24 4/22 183 28966 25 4/29 193 29159 2014年4月 786 29159 関連CD ブルー・フィールド No Pain,No game Born to be
https://w.atwiki.jp/usb_audio/pages/34.html
原文：Audio Device Document 1.0(PDF) USB Device Class Definition for Audio Devices Release 1.0 March 18, 1998 31 Table 3-1 Status Word Format Offset Field Size Value Description 0 bStatusType 1 Bitmap D7 Interrupt PendingD6 Memory Contents ChangedD5..4 ReservedD3..0 Originator0 = AudioControl interface1 = AudioStreaming interface2 = AudioStreaming endpoint3..15 = Reserved 1 bOriginator 1 Number ID of the Terminal, Unit, interface, orendpoint that reports the interrupt. 3.7.2 AudioStreaming Interface AudioStreaming interfaces are used to interchange digital audio data streams between the Host and the audio function. They are optional. An audio function can have zero or more AudioStreaming interfaces associated with it, each possibly carrying data of a different nature and format. Each AudioStreaming interface can have at most one isochronous data endpoint. This construction guarantees a one-to-one relationship between the AudioStreaming interface and the single audio data stream, related to the endpoint. In some cases, the isochronous data endpoint is accompanied by an associated isochronous synch endpoint for synchronization purposes. The isochronous data endpoint is required to be the first endpoint in the AudioStreaming interface. The synch endpoint always follows its associated data endpoint. An AudioStreaming interface can have alternate settings that can be used to change certain characteristics of the interface and underlying endpoint. A typical use of alternate settings is to provide a way to change the bandwidth requirements an active AudioStreaming interface imposes on the USB. By incorporating a low-bandwidth or even zero-bandwidth alternate setting for each AudioStreaming interface, a device offers to the Host software the option to temporarily relinquish USB bandwidth by switching to this lowbandwidth alternate setting. If such an alternate setting is implemented, it must be the default alternate setting (alternate setting zero). A zero-bandwidth alternate setting can be implemented by specifying zero endpoints in the standard AudioStreaming interface descriptor. All other interface and endpoint descriptors (both standard and class-specific) need not be specified in this case. The AudioStreaming interface is essentially used to provide an access point for the Host software (drivers) to manipulate the behavior of the physical interface it represents. Therefore, even external connections to the audio function (S/PDIF interface, analog input, etc.) can be represented by an AudioStreaming interface so that the Host software can control certain aspects of those connections. This type of AudioStreaming interface has no associated USB endpoints. The related audio data stream is not using USB as a transport medium. In addition, the concepts of dynamic interfaces as described in the Universal Serial Bus Class Specification can be used to notify the Host software that changes have occurred on the external connection. This is analogous to switching alternate settings on an AudioStreaming interface with USB endpoints, except that the switch is now device-initiated instead of Host-initiated. As an example, consider an S/PDIF connection to an audio function. If nothing is connected to this external S/PDIF interface, the AudioStreaming interface is idle and reports itself as being dynamic and non-configured (bInterfaceClass=0x00). If the user connects a standard IEC958 signal to the audio function, the S/PDIF receiver inside the audio function detects this and notifies the Host that the AudioStreaming interface has switched to its IEC958 mode (alternate setting x). If, on the other hand, an USB Device Class Definition for Audio Devices Release 1.0 March 18, 1998 32 IEC1937 signal, carrying MPEG-encoded audio is connected, the AudioStreaming interface switches to the appropriate setting (alternate setting y) to handle the MPEG decoding process. For every isochronous OUT or IN endpoint defined in any of the AudioStreaming interfaces, there must be a corresponding Input or Output Terminal defined in the audio function. For the Host to fully understand the nature and behavior of the connection, it must take into account the interface- and endpoint-related descriptors as well as the Terminal-related descriptor. 3.7.2.1 Isochronous Audio Data Stream Endpoint In general, the data streams that are handled by an isochronous audio data endpoint do not necessarily map directly to the logical channels that exist within the audio function. As an example, consider a “stereo” audio data stream that contains audio data, encoded in Dolby Prologic format. Although there is only one data stream, carrying interleaved samples for Left and Right (or more precisely LT and RT), these two channels carry information for four logical channels (Left, Right, Center, and Surround). Other examples include cases in which multiple logical audio channels are compressed into a single data stream. The format of such a data stream can be entirely different from the native format of the logical channels (for example, 256 Kbits/s MPEG1 stereo audio as opposed to 176.4 Kbytes/s 16 bit stereo 44.1 kHz audio). Therefore, to describe the data transfer at the endpoint level correctly, the notion of logical channel is replaced by the notion of audio data stream. It is the responsibility of the AudioStreaming interface which contains the OUT endpoint to convert between the audio data stream and the embedded logical channels before handing the data over to the Input Terminal. In many cases, this conversion process involves some form of decoding. Likewise, the AudioStreaming interface which contains the IN endpoint must convert logical channels from the Output Terminal into an audio data stream, often using some form of encoding. Consequently, requests to control properties that exist within an audio function, such as volume or mute cannot be sent to the endpoint in an AudioStreaming interface. An AudioStreaming interface operates on audio data streams and is unaware of the number of logical channels it eventually serves. Instead, these requests must be directed to the proper audio function’s Units or Terminals via the AudioControl interface. As already mentioned, an AudioStreaming interface can have zero or one isochronous audio data endpoint. If multiple synchronous audio channels must be communicated between Host and audio function, they must be clustered into one audio channel cluster by interleaving the individual audio data, and the result can be directed to the single endpoint. Furthermore, a single synch endpoint, if needed, can service the entire cluster. In this way, a minimum number of endpoints are consumed to transport related data streams. If an audio function needs more than one cluster to operate, each cluster is directed to the endpoint of a separate AudioStreaming interface, belonging to the same Audio Interface Collection (all servicing the same audio function). If there is a need to manipulate a number of AudioStreaming interfaces as a whole, these interfaces can be tied together. The techniques for associating interfaces, described in the Universal Serial Bus Class Specification should be used to create the binding. 3.7.2.2 Isochronous Synch Endpoint For adaptive audio source endpoints and asynchronous audio sink endpoints, an explicit synch mechanism is needed to maintain synchronization during transfers. For details about synchronization, see Section 5, “USB Data Flow Model,” in the USB Specification and the relevant parts of the Universal Serial Bus Class Specification. The information carried over the synch path consists of a 3-byte data packet. These three bytes contain the Ff value in a 10.14 format as described in Section 5.10.4.2, “Feedback” of the USB Specification. Ff represents the average number of samples the endpoint must produce or consume per frame to match the desired sampling frequency Fs exactly. USB Device Class Definition for Audio Devices Release 1.0 March 18, 1998 33 A new Ff value is available every 2(10 – P) ms (frames) where P can range from 1 to 9, inclusive. The sample clock Fs is always derived from a master clock Fm in the device. P is related to the ratio between those clocks through the following relationship 数式 In worst case conditions, only Fs is available and Fm = Fs, giving P = 1 because one can always use phase information to resolve the estimation of Fs within half a clock cycle. An adaptive audio source IN endpoint is accompanied by an associated isochronous synch OUT endpoint that carries Ff. An asynchronous audio sink OUT endpoint is accompanied by an associated isochronous synch IN endpoint. For adaptive IN endpoints and asynchronous OUT endpoints, the standard endpoint descriptor provides the bSynchAddress field to establish a link to the associated synch endpoint. It contains the address of the synch endpoint. The bSynchAddress field of the synch standard endpoint descriptor must be set to zero. As indicated earlier, a new Ff value is available every 2(10 – P) frames with P ranging from 1 to 9. The bRefresh field of the synch standard endpoint descriptor is used to report the exponent (10-P) to the Host. It can range from 9 down to 1. (512 ms down to 2 ms) 3.7.2.3 Audio Channel Cluster Format An audio channel cluster is a grouping of logical audio channels that share the same characteristics like sampling frequency, bit resolution, etc. Channel numbering in the cluster starts with channel one up to the number of channels in the cluster. The virtual channel zero is used to address a master Control in a Unit, effectively influencing all the channels at once. The maximum number of independent channels in an audio channel cluster is limited to 254. Indeed, Channel zero is used to reference the master channel and code 0xFF (255) is used in requests to indicate that the request parameter block holds values for all available addressed Controls. For further details, refer to Section 5.2.2, “AudioControl Requests” and the sections that follow, describing the second form of requests. In many cases, each channel in the audio cluster is also tied to a certain location in the listening space. A trivial example of this is a cluster that contains Left and Right logical audio channels. To be able to describe more complex cases in a manageable fashion, this specification imposes some limitations and restrictions on the ordering of logical channels in an audio channel cluster. There are twelve predefined spatial locations · Left Front (L) · Right Front (R) · Center Front (C) · Low Frequency Enhancement (LFE) [Super woofer] · Left Surround (LS) · Right Surround (RS) · Left of Center (LC) [in front] · Right of Center (RC) [in front] · Surround (S) [rear] · Side Left (SL) [left wall] · Side Right (SR) [right wall] · Top (T) [overhead] If there are logical channels present in the audio channel cluster that correspond to some of the previously defined spatial positions, then they must appear in the order specified in the above list. For instance, if a USB Device Class Definition for Audio Devices Release 1.0 March 18, 1998 34 cluster contains logical channels Left, Right and LFE, then channel 1 is Left, channel 2 is Right, and channel 3 is LFE. To characterize an audio channel cluster, a cluster descriptor is introduced. This descriptor is embedded within one of the following descriptors · Input Terminal descriptor · Mixer Unit descriptor · Processing Unit descriptor · Extension Unit descriptor The cluster descriptor contains the following fields · bNrChannels a number that specifies how many logical audio channels are present in the cluster. · wChannelConfig a bit field that indicates which spatial locations are present in the cluster. The bit allocations are as follows § D0 Left Front (L) § D1 Right Front (R) § D2 Center Front (C) § D3 Low Frequency Enhancement (LFE) § D4 Left Surround (LS) § D5 Right Surround (RS) § D6 Left of Center (LC) § D7 Right of Center (RC) § D8 Surround (S) § D9 Side Left (SL) § D10 Side Right (SR) § D11 Top (T) § D15..12 Reserved · Each bit set in this bit map indicates there is a logical channel in the cluster that carries audio information, destined for the indicated spatial location. The channel ordering in the cluster must correspond to the ordering, imposed by the above list of predefined spatial locations. If there are more channels in the cluster than there are bits set in the wChannelConfig field, (i.e. bNrChannels [Number_Of_Bits_Set]), then the first [Number_Of_Bits_Set] channels take the spatial positions, indicated in wChannelConfig. The remaining channels have ‘non-predefined’ spatial positions (positions that do not appear in the predefined list). If none of the bits in wChannelConfig are set, then all channels have non-predefined spatial positions. If one or more channels have non-predefined spatial positions, their spatial location description can optionally be derived from the iChannelNames field. · iChannelNames index to a string descriptor that describes the spatial location of the first nonpredefined logical channel in the cluster. The spatial locations of all remaining logical channels must be described by string descriptors with indices that immediately follow the index of the descriptor of the first non-predefined channel. Therefore, iChannelNames inherently describes an array of string descriptor indices, ranging from iChannelNames to (iChannelNames + (bNrChannels- [Number_Of_Bits_Set]) - 1) Example 1 An audio channel cluster that carries Dolby Prologic logical channels has the following cluster descriptor Table 3-2 Dolby Prologic Cluster Descriptor Offset Field Size Value Description USB Device Class Definition for Audio Devices Release 1.0 March 18, 1998 35 Offset Field Size Value Description 0 bNrChannels 1 4 There are 4 logical channels in the cluster. 1 wChannelConfig 2 0x0107 Left, Right, Center and Surround are present. 3 iChannelNames 1 Index Because there are no non-predefined logical channels, this index must be set to 0. Example 2 A hypothetical audio channel cluster inside an audio function could carry Left, Left Surround, Left of Center, and two auxiliary channels that contain each a different weighted mix of the Left, Left Surround and Left of Center channels. The corresponding cluster descriptor would be Table 3-3 Left Group Cluster Descriptor Offset Field Size Value Description 0 bNrChannels 1 5 There are 5 logical channels in the cluster 1 wChannelConfig 2 0x0051 Left, Left Surround, Left of Center and two undefined channels are present. (bNrChannels [Number_Of_Bits_Set]) 3 iChannelNames 1 Index Optional index of the first non-predefined string descriptor Optional string descriptors String (Index) = ‘Left Down Mix 1’ String (Index+1) = ‘Left Down Mix 2’ 3.7.2.4 Audio Data Format The format used to transport audio data over the USB is entirely determined by the code, located in the wFormatTag field of the class-specific interface descriptor. Therefore, each defined Format Tag must document in detail the audio data format it uses. Consequently, format-specific descriptors are needed to fully describe the format. For details about the predefined Format Tags and associated data formats and descriptors, see the separate document, USB Audio Data Formats, that is considered part of this specification. Vendor-specific protocols must be fully documented by the manufacturer. 1 - 6 - 11 - 16 - 21 - 26 - 31 - 36 - 41 - 46 - 51 - 56 - 61 - 66 - 71 - 76 - 81 - 86 - 91 - 96 - 101 - 106 - 111 - 116 - 121 - 126 ここを編集
https://w.atwiki.jp/usb_audio/pages/22.html
原文：Audio Data Formats 1.0(PDF) USB Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats Release 1.0 March 18, 1998 11 Offset Field Size Value Description 8 tLowerSamFreq 3 Number Lower bound in Hz of the sampling frequency range for this isochronous data endpoint. 11 tUpperSamFreq 3 Number Upper bound in Hz of the sampling frequency range for this isochronous data endpoint. Table 2-3 Discrete Number of Sampling Frequencies Offset Field Size Value Description 8 tSamFreq [1] 3 Number Sampling frequency 1 in Hz for this isochronous data endpoint. … … … … … 8+(ns-1)*3 tSamFreq [ns] 3 Number Sampling frequency ns in Hz for this isochronous data endpoint. Note In the case of adaptive isochronous data endpoints that support only a discrete number of sampling frequencies, the endpoint must at least tolerate ±1000 PPM inaccuracy on the reported sampling frequencies. 2.2.6 Supported Formats The following paragraphs list all currently supported Type I Audio Data Formats. 2.2.6.1 PCM Format The PCM (Pulse Coded Modulation) format is the most commonly used audio format to represent audio data streams. The audio data is not compressed and uses a signed two’s-complement fixed point format. It is left-justified (the sign bit is the Msb) and data is padded with trailing zeros to fill the remaining unused bits of the subframe. The binary point is located to the right of the sign bit so that all values lie within the range [-1,+1). 2.2.6.2 PCM8 Format The PCM8 format is introduced to be compatible with the legacy 8-bit wave format. Audio data is uncompressed and uses 8 bits per sample (bBitResolution = 8). In this case, data is unsigned fixed-point, left-justified in the audio subframe, Msb first. The range is [0,255]. 2.2.6.3 IEEE_FLOAT Format The IEEE_FLOAT format is based on the ANSI/IEEE-754 floating-point standard. Audio data is represented using the basic single-precision format. The basic single-precision number is 32 bits wide and has an 8-bit exponent and a 24-bit mantissa. Both mantissa and exponent are signed numbers, but neither is represented in two s-complement format. The mantissa is stored in sign magnitude format and the exponent in biased form (also called excess-n form). In biased form, there is a positive integer (called the bias) which is subtracted from the stored number to get the actual number. For example, in an eight-bit exponent, the bias is 127. To represent 0, the number 127 is stored. To represent -100, 27 is stored. An USB Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats Release 1.0 March 18, 1998 12 exponent of all zeroes and an exponent of all ones are both reserved for special cases, so in an eight-bit field, exponents of -126 to +127 are possible. In the basic floating-point format, the mantissa is assumed to be normalized so that the most significant bit is always one, and therefore is not stored. Only the fractional part is stored. The 32-bit IEEE-754 floating-point word is broken into three fields. The most significant bit stores the sign of the mantissa, the next group of 8 bits stores the exponent in biased form, and the remaining 23 bits store the magnitude of the fractional portion of the mantissa. For further information, refer to the ANSI/IEEE-754 standard. The data is conveyed over USB using 32 bits per sample (bBitResolution = 32; bSubframeSize = 4). 2.2.6.4 ALaw Format and mLaw Format Starting from 12- or 16-bits linear PCM samples, simple compression down to 8-bits per sample (one byte per sample) can be achieved by using logarithmic companding. The compressed audio data uses 8 bits per sample (bBitsPerSample = 8). Data is signed fixed point, left-justified in the subframe, Msb first. The compressed range is [-128,128]. The difference between Alaw and mLaw compression lies in the formulae used to achieve the compression. Refer to the ITU G.711 standard for further details. 2.3 Type II Formats Type II formats are used to transmit non-PCM encoded audio data into bitstreams that consist of a sequence of encoded audio frames. 2.3.1 Encoded Audio Frames An encoded audio frame is a sequence of bits that contains an encoded representation of one or more physical audio channels. The encoding takes place over a fixed number of audio samples. Each encoded audio frame contains enough information to entirely reconstruct the audio samples (albeit not lossless), encoded in the encoded audio frame. No information from adjacent encoded audio frames is needed during decoding. The number of samples used to construct one encoded audio frame depends on the encoding scheme. (For MPEG, the number of samples per encoded audio frame (nf) is 384 for Layer I or 1152 for Layer II. For AC-3, the number of samples is 1536.) In most cases, the encoded audio frame represents multiple physical audio channels. The number of bits per encoded audio frame may be variable. The content of the encoded audio frame is defined according to the implemented encoding scheme. Where applicable, the bit ordering shall be MSB first, relative to existing standards of serial transmission or storage of that encoding scheme. An encoded audio frame represents an interval longer than the USB frame time of 1 ms. This is typical of audio compression algorithms that use psycho-acoustic or vocal tract parametric models. Note It is important to make a clear distinction between an audio frame (see Section 2.2.3, “Audio Frame”) and an encoded audio frame. The overloaded use of the term audio frame could cause confusion. Therefore, this specification will always use the qualifier ‘encoded’ to refer to MPEG or AC-3 encoded audio frames. 2.3.2 Audio Bitstreams An encoded audio bitstream is a concatenation of a potentially very large number of encoded audio frames, ordered according to ascending time. Subsequent encoded audio frames are independent and can be decoded separately. USB Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats Release 1.0 March 18, 1998 13 2.3.3 USB Packets Encoded audio bitstreams are packetized when transported over an isochronous pipe. Each USB packet contains only part of a single encoded audio frame. Packet sizes are determined according to the shortpacket protocol. The encoded audio frame is broken down into a number of packets, each containing wMaxPacketSize bytes except for the last packet, which may be smaller and contains the remainder of the encoded audio frame. If the MaxPacketsOnly bit D7 in the bmAttributes field of the class-specific endpoint descriptor is set, the last (short) packet must be padded with zero bytes to wMaxPacketSize length. No USB packet may contain bits belonging to different encoded audio frames. If the encoded audio frame length is not a multiple of 8 bits, the last byte in the last packet is padded with zero bits. The decoder must ignore all padded extra bits and bytes. Consecutive encoded audio frames are separated by at least one Transfer Delimiter. A Transfer Delimiter must be sent in all consecutive USB frames until the next encoded audio frame is due. The above rules guarantee that a new encoded audio frame always starts on a USB packet boundary. 2.3.4 Bandwidth Allocation The encoded audio frame time tf equals the number of audio samples per encoded audio frame nf divided by the sampling rate fs of the original audio samples. 数式 The allocated bandwidth for the pipe must accommodate for the largest possible encoded audio frame to be transmitted within an encoded audio frame time. This should take into account the Transfer Delimiter requirement and any differences between the time base of the stream and the USB frame timer. The device may choose to consume more bandwidth than necessary (by increasing the reported wMaxPacketSize) to minimize the time needed to transmit an entire encoded audio frame. This can be used to enable early decoding and therefore minimize system latency. 2.3.5 Timing The timing reference point is the beginning of an encoded audio frame. Therefore, the USB packet that contains the first bits (usually the encoded audio frame sync word) of the encoded audio frame is used as a timing reference in USB space. This USB packet is called the reference packet. The transmission of the reference packet of an encoded audio frame should begin at the target playback time of that frame (minus the endpoint’s reported delay) rounded to the nearest USB frame time. This guarantees that, at the receiving end, the arrival of subsequent reference packets matches the encoded audio frame time tf as closely as possible. 2.3.6 Type II Format Type Descriptor The Type II Format Type descriptor starts with the usual three fields bLength, bDescriptorType and bDescriptorSubtype. The bFormatType field indicates this is a Type II descriptor. The wMaxBitRate field contains the maximum number of bits per second this interface can handle. It is a measure for the buffer size available in the interface. The wSamplesPerFrame field contains the number of non-PCM encoded audio samples contained within a single encoded audio frame The sampling frequency capabilities of the endpoint are reported using the bSamFreqType field andfollowing fields. Table 2-4 Type II Format Type Descriptor Offset Field Size Value Description USB Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats Release 1.0 March 18, 1998 14 Offset Field Size Value Description 0 bLength 1 Number Size of this descriptor, in bytes 9+(ns*3) 1 bDescriptorType 1 Constant CS_INTERFACE descriptor type. 2 bDescriptorSubtype 1 Constant FORMAT_TYPE descriptor subtype. 3 bFormatType 1 Constant FORMAT_TYPE_II. Constant identifying the Format Type the AudioStreaming interface is using. 4 wMaxBitRate 2 Number Indicates the maximum number of bits per second this interface can handle. Expressed in kbits/s. 6 wSamplesPerFrame 2 Number Indicates the number of PCM audio samples contained in one encoded audio frame. 8 bSamFreqType 1 Number Indicates how the sampling frequency can be programmed 0 Continuous sampling frequency1..255 The number of discrete sampling frequencies supported by the isochronous data endpoint of the AudioStreaming interface (ns) 9... See sampling frequency tables, below. Depending on the value in the bSamFreqType field, the layout of the next part of the descriptor is as shown in the following tables. Table 2-5 Continuous Sampling Frequency Offset Field Size Value Description 9 tLowerSamFreq 3 Number Lower bound in Hz of the sampling frequency range for this isochronous data endpoint. 12 tUpperSamFreq 3 Number Upper bound in Hz of the sampling frequency range for this isochronous data endpoint. Table 2-6 Discrete Number of Sampling Frequencies Offset Field Size Value Description 9 tSamFreq [1] 3 Number Sampling frequency 1 in Hz for this isochronous data endpoint. … … … … … USB Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats Release 1.0 March 18, 1998 15 Offset Field Size Value Description 9+(ns-1)*3 tSamFreq [ns] 3 Number Sampling frequency ns in Hz for this isochronous data endpoint. Note In the case of adaptive isochronous data endpoints that support only a discrete number of sampling frequencies, the endpoint must at least tolerate ±1000 PPM inaccuracy on the reported sampling frequencies. 2.3.7 Rate feedback If the isochronous data endpoint needs explicit rate feedback (adaptive source, asynchronous sink), the feedback pipe shall report the number of equivalent PCM audio samples. The host will accumulate this data and start transmission of an encoded audio frame whenever the current number of samples exceeds the number of samples per encoded audio frame. The remainder is kept in the accumulator. 2.3.8 Supported Formats The following sections list all currently supported Type II Audio Data Formats. Format-specific descriptors and format-specific requests are explained in more detail. 2.3.8.1 MPEG Format In the current specification, only MPEG decoding aspects are considered. Real-time MPEG encoding peripherals are not (yet) available and consequently are not covered by this specification. 2.3.8.1.1 MPEG Format-Specific Descriptor The wFormatTag field is a duplicate of the wFormatTag field in the class-specific AudioStreaming interface descriptor. The same field is used here to identify the format-specific descriptor. The bmMPEGCapabilities bitmap field describes the capabilities of the MPEG decoder built into the AudioStreaming interface. Some general information must be retrieved from the Format Type-specific descriptor. For instance, the sampling frequencies supported by the decoder are reported through the Format Type-specific descriptor. This includes the ability of the decoder to handle low sampling frequencies (16 kHz, 22.05 kHz and 24 kHz) besides the standard 32 kHz, 44.1 kHz and 48 kHz sampling frequencies. Bits D2..0 of the bmMPEGCapabilities field are used to indicate which layers this decoder is capable of processing. The different layers relate to the different algorithms that are used during encoding and decoding. Bit D3 indicates that the decoder can only process the MPEG-1 base stream. Therefore, only Left and Right channels will be output. Bit D4 indicates that the decoder can handle MPEG-2 streams that contain two independent stereo pairs instead of the normal 3/2 encoding scheme. This bit is only applicable for MPEG-2 decoders. Bit D5 indicates that the decoder supports the MPEG dual channel mode. In this case, the MPEG-1 base stream does not contain Left and Right channels of a stereo pair but instead contains two independent mono channels. One of these channels can be selected through the proper request (Dual Channel Control) and reproduced over the Left and Right output channels simultaneously. Bit D6 indicates that the decoder supports the DVD MPEG-2 augmentation to 7.1 channels instead of the standard 5.1 channels. 1 - 6 - 11 - 16 - 21 - 26 - 31 ここを編集
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ディスク副題(No)/Lv 51 52 53 54 55 本物のバカ(No1-2) 276/265/261/266/193 276/273/269/274/197 276/280/276/281/201 276/287/283/288/205 277/294/290/295/209 悪友(No3-4) 性識者(No5-6) 273/274/275/270/191 273/281/282/277/194 273/289/290/285/197 273/297/298/293/200 274/304/305/300/204 第三の性別(No7-8) 287/268/280/267/131 287/274/286/273/133 287/280/292/279/135 287/286/298/285/137 288/292/304/291/139 帰国子女(No9-10) 観察処分者(No11-12) 312/276/265/272/193 312/283/272/279/196 312/291/280/287/199 312/299/288/295/202 313/306/295/302/206 元・神童(No13-14) F組の女神(No15-16) 338/279/259/290/121 338/285/265/296/123 338/291/271/302/125 338/297/277/308/127 339/303/283/314/129 …！？(No17-18) 美少女？(No19-20) 283/282/306/292/180 夏服ですっ(No21-22) 337/286/250/272/125 337/294/258/280/129 337/301/265/287/133 337/308/272/294/137 338/315/279/301/141 夏服よ！(No23-24) 324/314/294/311/154 バカの覚悟(No25-26) 頑張ってくれ(No27-28) 見…見え…(No29-30) あ…(No31-32) 友情(No33-34) 試獣召喚！(No35-36) はろはろー(No37-38) 356/278/260/283/135 天才聖女(No39-40) 351/269/248/274/111 351/276/255/281/114 351/284/263/289/117 351/292/271/297/120 352/299/278/304/124 stylish(No41-42) 308/314/294/301/146 悔いなし…(No43-44) 91/256/268/327/136 91/264/276/335/140 91/271/283/342/144 92/285/297/356/152 断罪の責苦(No45-46) 341/278/283/274/144 341/284/289/280/146 341/290/295/286/148 341/296/301/292/150 342/302/307/298/152 F組代表(No47-48) 窮地の笑顔(No49) 267/265/279/261/204 267/271/285/267/206 267/277/291/273/208 267/283/297/279/210 268/289/303/285/212 最高の笑顔(No50) 351/276/274/261/128 351/284/282/269/132 351/291/289/276/136 351/298/296/283/140 352/305/303/290/144 う…メイド(No51-52) 289/285/280/281/198 289/294/289/290/203 289/302/297/298/208 290/310/305/306/212 ……私服…(No53-54) 326/298/290/295/206 stylish(No55-56) 396/267/271/263/143 396/275/279/271/147 396/282/286/278/151 396/289/293/285/155 397/296/300/292/159 桃百合(No57-58) 405/280/277/272/127 405/286/283/278/129 406/304/301/296/135 …メイドじゃ(No59-60) 私服だよ！(No61-62) 376/274/267/265/147 376/282/275/273/151 376/289/282/280/155 376/296/289/287/159 377/303/296/294/163 暴走少女(No63-64) 278/272/257/270/189 278/281/266/279/195 278/290/275/288/200 278/298/283/296/205 279/306/291/304/209 ブタは死ね！(No65-66) 297/276/254/280/131 297/285/263/289/137 297/294/272/298/142 297/302/280/306/147 298/310/288/314/151 体操服だよ！(No67-68) stylish(No69-70) 283/287/286/286/191 283/295/294/294/194 283/303/302/302/197 284/310/309/309/201 らうんど！(No71-72) 282/272/271/279/188 282/281/280/288/194 282/290/289/297/199 282/298/297/305/204 283/306/305/313/208 中華娘じゃ！(No73-74) 293/297/316/306/172 愛奴(No75-76) 420/301/299/302/173 生物兵器(No77-78) お姉さま…(No79-80) 417/282/262/265/131 417/289/269/272/135 狩る側少女(No81-82) 精密機械(No83-84) 385/282/282/272/149 385/289/289/279/152 385/297/297/287/155 385/305/305/295/158 386/312/312/302/162 私服だが？(No85-86) 393/307/301/291/170 秀才の微笑(No87) 389/274/278/267/135 389/282/286/275/139 389/289/293/282/143 389/296/300/289/147 390/303/307/296/151 水着だよ！(No88-89) 365/286/253/267/130 365/294/261/275/134 365/301/268/282/138 365/308/275/289/142 366/315/282/296/146 体操服です！(No90-91) 393/283/265/283/147 393/290/272/290/150 393/298/280/298/153 393/306/288/306/156 コードＭ(No92-93) stylish(No94-95) 391/277/282/275/134 391/286/291/284/140 391/295/300/293/145 391/303/308/301/150 392/311/316/309/154 …どうも(No96-97) 試獣召喚！(No98-99) 薔薇繚乱(No100-101) 体操服じゃ！(No102-103) stylish(No104-105) 水着です～！(No106-107) 428/320/262/272/116 429/327/269/279/120 補習はイヤ！(No108-109) 奔放少女(No110-111) 302/303/316/303/192 実技でね！(No112-113) 270/297/325/298/162 夏色満点！(No114-115) 悶絶赤百合(No116-117) 416/309/279/280/128 416/315/285/286/130 417/321/291/292/132 裸男激怒(No118-119) 348/275/275/281/145 349/304/304/310/161 お願い先生！(No120-121) 416/277/267/290/139 416/286/276/299/145 416/295/285/308/150 416/303/293/316/155 417/311/301/324/159 君、思フ(No122-123) 415/277/276/273/152 415/286/285/282/158 415/295/294/291/163 416/311/310/307/172 体操服でね！(No124-125) 328/269/278/268/193 328/277/286/276/197 328/284/293/283/201 328/291/300/290/205 329/298/307/297/209 なによ！(No126-127) 夕日の敗北(No128-129) バカの裸(No130-131) 349/278/279/267/193 349/296/297/285/199 350/302/303/291/201 水着じゃが(No132-133) 281/287/306/288/160 着乱れて…(No134-135) お姉様覚悟！(No136-137) 294/287/261/279/134 294/296/270/288/140 ふふん！(No138-139) 290/284/310/291/150 Ｅ組代表(No140-141) 241/277/270/267/135 制裁措置よ(No142-143) 354/283/286/266/158 354/290/293/273/161 354/298/301/281/164 354/306/309/289/167 355/313/316/296/171 秩序の番人(No144-145) 340/280/280/270/134 340/289/289/279/140 340/298/298/288/145 340/306/306/296/150 341/314/314/304/154 体育着乙女(No146-147) 306/286/283/270/150 306/293/290/277/153 306/301/298/285/156 306/309/306/293/159 307/316/313/300/163 お給仕よ！(No148-149) 435/284/274/281/155 435/290/280/287/157 435/296/286/293/159 435/302/292/299/161 436/308/298/305/163 セーラーよ！(No150-151) 緋色の薔薇(No152-153) 決戦兵器(No154-155) 282/270/263/293/111 282/277/270/300/114 282/285/278/308/117 282/293/286/316/120 283/300/293/323/124 性識者裸夫！(No156-157) 至福橙百合(No158-159) 薔薇の宿命(No160-161) 355/271/285/275/135 355/279/293/283/139 355/286/300/290/143 355/293/307/297/147 天魔覚醒(No162-163) 制服でね！(No164-165) 水着でね！(No166-167) 301/298/306/290/182 302/314/322/306/191 きなさい！(No168-169) 中華乙女よ！(No170-171) 287/286/286/270/138 287/293/293/277/141 288/316/316/300/151 無気力春眠(No172-173) 268/250/251/252/169 268/251/252/253/171 ロッカー部(No174-175) 実行部隊壱(No176-177) 実行部隊弐(No178-179) あ、ちょっと(No180-181) 277/284/276/263/152 277/293/285/272/158 277/302/294/281/163 277/310/302/289/168 278/318/310/297/172 バカの正義(No182) 301/277/277/274/202 301/283/283/280/204 301/289/289/286/206 301/295/295/292/208 302/301/301/298/210/ (No183) 無垢の媚笑(No184) (No185-186) 神童の策略(No187) 聖戦士覚醒(No188-189) 298/290/275/294/144 298/297/282/301/147 298/305/290/309/150 298/313/298/317/153 299/320/305/324/157 純真な愛笑(No190) 434/285/261/266/124 434/292/268/273/127 434/300/276/281/130 434/308/284/289/133 435/315/291/296/137 君に出会フ(No191-192) いくわよ！(No193-194) 258/264/277/264/123 259/293/306/293/139 実技萌ゆる(No195-196) (No197) やるわよ！(No198-199) 290/278/276/292/124 290/286/284/300/128 290/293/291/307/132 姉萌ゆる(No200-201) stylish(No202-203) 393/247/249/254/122 393/248/250/255/124 393/251/253/258/126 393/253/255/260/128 394/255/257/262/130 血の盟約(No204-205) 学年首席(No206-207) 336/270/267/263/110 336/277/274/270/113 336/285/282/278/116 336/293/290/286/119 337/300/297/293/123 …私服。(No208-209) 309/287/274/278/145 309/293/280/284/147 309/299/286/290/149 309/305/292/296/151 310/311/298/302/153 …体育着。(No210-211) Ａ組代表(No212-213) 412/296/272/284/123 412/303/279/291/126 412/311/287/299/129 412/319/295/307/132 413/326/302/314/136 剣士覚醒(No214-215) 『秀吉湯』(No216-217) 259/268/297/275/174 259/275/304/282/177 259/283/312/290/180 259/291/320/298/183 260/298/327/305/187 ナースじゃ！(No218-219) 306/269/270/275/190 306/277/278/283/194 306/284/285/290/198 306/291/292/297/202 俺は笑わない(No220-221) 479/295/301/294/143 480/311/317/310/152 (No222-223) ピースＭ(No224-225) 美春の願い(No226-227) 秀才の眼差(No228-229) 緊張の面持(No230) 272/267/302/273/122 272/274/309/280/125 272/282/317/288/128 272/290/325/296/131 273/297/332/303/135 お風呂でね！(No231-232) 275/277/300/273/188 275/286/309/282/194 275/295/318/291/199 275/303/326/299/204 勝利の決意(No233) 須川亮(No235) 387/261/282/264/171 387/262/283/265/173 387/265/286/268/175 387/267/288/270/177 388/269/290/272/179 百合繚乱(No236-237) 415/276/252/288/113 415/283/259/295/116 415/291/267/303/119 …水着。(No238-239) 356/284/273/277/143 356/290/279/283/145 356/302/291/295/149 357/308/297/301/151 …お嫁さん。(No240-241) (No242-243) (No244-245) (No246-247) ……忍ぶ(No248-249) 制服だよ！(No250-251) 355/282/286/270/210 355/289/293/277/213 355/297/301/285/216 355/305/309/293/219 356/312/316/300/223 姉燃ゆる(No252-253) 308/314/300/294/174 ガブッとな！(No254-255) 437/313/309/322/150 強気で勝負！(No256-257) 302/261/287/268/120 302/269/295/276/124 302/276/302/283/128 302/283/309/290/132 303/290/316/297/136 …制服。(No258-259) 制服ですー！(No260-261) 277/295/259/258/175 277/303/267/266/179 277/310/274/273/183 277/317/281/280/187 278/324/288/287/191 弟を宜しく(No262-263) 277/301/297/326/225 制服です！(No264-265) (No266-267) (No268-269) (No270-271) (No272-273) (No274-275) (No276-277) (No278-279) (No280-281) (No282-283) (No284-285) 姉弱る(No286-287) 284/275/274/271/164 284/283/282/279/168 284/290/289/286/172 284/297/296/293/176 285/304/303/300/180 (No288-289) ミニバカ☆(No290) 276/277/271/276/197 276/286/280/285/203 276/295/289/294/208 276/303/297/302/213 277/311/305/310/217 チビメガネ(No291) ２頭身じゃ！(No292) リトルヒメ(No293) 452/278/273/290/138 452/284/279/296/140 452/290/285/302/142 452/296/291/308/144 453/302/297/314/146 神の子(No294) 373/303/304/292/156 ぷちにん(No295) 小さいよ！(No296) 383/288/261/272/161 383/297/270/281/167 383/306/279/290/172 383/314/287/298/177 384/322/295/306/181 …小さい。(No297) 312/300/301/272/123 312/306/307/278/125 312/312/313/284/127 312/318/319/290/129 313/324/325/296/131 バカの騎士(No900) プリンツェシン(No901) 436/271/267/270/121 436/279/275/278/125 436/286/282/285/129 436/293/289/292/133 437/300/296/299/137 ･･･兎ですぅ(No902) …魔女。(No903) 371/276/301/271/126 371/285/310/280/132 371/294/319/289/137 371/302/327/297/142 372/310/335/305/146 秀吉☆降臨(No904) 351/271/301/270/183 351/280/310/279/189 351/289/319/288/194 351/297/327/296/199 352/305/335/304/203