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RhoB null mice have retarded vascular development in the retina. SOS1-/- mice impair placental development. The interaction between DOC and CSW is needed for normal eye development. Gab1 and Gab2 are phosphorylated by EPO signal. Overexpression of Gab1 in kidney epithelial cells of a mouce results in constitutive and ligand-independent cell scattering and branching morphogenesis. RhoB null mice have retarded vascular development in the retina. 1 Genes Dev. 2003 Nov 1;17(21) 2721-32. RhoB controls Akt trafficking and stage-specific survival of endothelial cells during vascular development. Adini I, Rabinovitz I, Sun JF, Prendergast GC, Benjamin LE. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. Blood vessel formation is a complex morphological process that is only beginning to be understood at the molecular level. In this study, we demonstrate a novel and critical role for the small GTPase, RhoB, in vascular development. RhoB null mice have retarded vascular development in the retina characterized by altered sprout morphology. Moreover, pharmaceutical means to deplete RhoB in neonatal rats is associated with apoptosis in the sprouting endothelial cells of newly forming vessels. Similarly, acute depletion of RhoB by antisense or dominant-negative strategies in primary endothelial cell culture models led to apoptosis and failures in tube formation. We identified a novel link between RhoB and the Akt survival signaling pathway to explain these changes. Confocal microscopy revealed that RhoB is highly localized to the nuclear margin with a small percentage found inside the nucleus. Similarly, total Akt is throughout the cell but has increased accumulation at the nuclear margin, and active phosphorylated Akt is found primarily inside the nucleoplasm, where it partially colocalizes with the RhoB therein. We show that this colocalization is functionally relevant, because when RhoB was depleted, Akt was excluded from the nucleus and total cellular Akt protein was decreased in a proteosome-dependent manner. Because the function of RhoB in vivo appears to only be rate limiting for endothelial cell sprouting, we propose that RhoB has a novel stage-specific function to regulate endothelial cell survival during vascular development. RhoB may offer a therapeutic target in diseases such as cancer, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degeneration, where the disruption of sprouting angiogenesis would be desirable. Publication Types Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov t Research Support, U.S. Gov t, P.H.S. PMID 14597666 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] SOS1-/- mice impair placental development. 1 EMBO J. 2000 Feb 15;19(4) 642-54. The Sos1 and Sos2 Ras-specific exchange factors differences in placental expression and signaling properties. Qian X, Esteban L, Vass WC, Upadhyaya C, Papageorge AG, Yienger K, Ward JM, Lowy DR, Santos E. Laboratory of, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Targeted disruption of both alleles of mouse sos1, which encodes a Ras-specific exchange factor, conferred mid-gestational embryonic lethality that was secondary to impaired placental development and was associated with very low placental ERK activity. The trophoblastic layers of sos1(-/-) embryos were poorly developed, correlating with high sos1 expression in wild-type trophoblasts. A sos1(-/-) cell line, which expressed readily detectable levels of the closely related Sos2 protein, formed complexes between Sos2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Shc efficiently, gave normal Ras.GTP and ERK responses when treated with EGF for or =10 min and was transformed readily by activated Ras. However, the sos1(-/-) cells were resistant to transformation by v-Src or by overexpressed EGFR and continuous EGF treatment, unlike sos1(+/-) or wild-type cells. This correlated with Sos2 binding less efficiently than Sos1 to EGFR and Shc in cells treated with EGF for or =90 min or to v-Src and Shc in v-Src-expressing cells, and with less ERK activity. We conclude that Sos1 participates in both short- and long-term signaling, while Sos2-dependent signals are predominantly short-term. PMID 10675333 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] The interaction between DOC and CSW is needed for normal eye development. 1 EMBO J. 1999 Dec 15;18(24) 6950-61. Recruitment of the protein tyrosine phosphatase CSW by DOS is an essential step during signaling by the sevenless receptor tyrosine kinase. Herbst R, Zhang X, Qin J, Simon MA. Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA. The pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-containing protein Daughter of Sevenless (DOS) is an essential component of the Sevenless receptor tyrosine kinase (SEV) signaling cascade, which specifies R7 photoreceptor development in the Drosophila eye. Previous results have suggested that DOS becomes tyrosine phosphorylated during SEV signaling and collaborates with the protein tyrosine phosphatase CSW. We have investigated this possibility by identifying tyrosine residues 801 and 854 of DOS as the phosphorylated binding sites for the CSW SH2 domains. We show that these sites become phosphorylated in response to SEV activation and that phosphorylation of both sites is required to allow CSW to bind DOS. Mutant DOS proteins in which either Y801 or Y854 of DOS has been changed to phenylalanine are unable to function during signaling by SEV and other receptor tyrosine kinases. In contrast, we find that a mutant DOS protein in which all tyrosine phosphorylation sites except Y801 and Y854 have been removed is able effectively to provide DOS function during SEV signaling and to rescue the lethality associated with dos loss-of-function mutations. These results indicate that a primary role for DOS during signaling by SEV and other receptor tyrosine kinases is to become phosphorylated at Y801 and Y854 and then recruit CSW. PMID 10601017 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Gab1 and Gab2 are phosphorylated by EPO signal. 1 Blood. 2004 Jun 15;103(12) 4457-65. Epub 2004 Feb 24. Tyrosine kinase receptor RON functions downstream of the erythropoietin receptor to induce expansion of erythroid progenitors. van den Akker E, van Dijk T, Parren-van Amelsvoort M, Grossmann KS, Schaeper U, Toney-Earley K, Waltz SE, Lowenberg B, von Lindern M. Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Erythropoietin (EPO) is required for cell survival during differentiation and for progenitor expansion during stress erythropoiesis. Although signaling pathways may couple directly to docking sites on the EPO receptor (EpoR), additional docking molecules expand the signaling platform of the receptor. We studied the roles of the docking molecules Grb2-associated binder-1 (Gab1) and Gab2 in EPO-induced signal transduction and erythropoiesis. Inhibitors of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase and Src kinases suppressed EPO-dependent phosphorylation of Gab2. In contrast, Gab1 activation depends on recruitment and phosphorylation by the tyrosine kinase receptor RON, with which it is constitutively associated. RON activation induces the phosphorylation of Gab1, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and protein kinase B (PKB) but not of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat5). RON activation was sufficient to replace EPO in progenitor expansion but not in differentiation. In conclusion, we elucidated a novel mechanism specifically involved in the expansion of erythroblasts involving RON as a downstream target of the EpoR. PMID 14982882 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Overexpression of Gab1 in kidney epithelial cells of a mouce results in constitutive and ligand-independent cell scattering and branching morphogenesis. 1 Nature. 1996 Nov 14;384(6605) 173-6. Interaction between Gab1 and the c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase is responsible for epithelial morphogenesis. Weidner KM, Di Cesare S, Sachs M, Brinkmann V, Behrens J, Birchmeier W. Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany. The proteins Gab1 and the related DOS (for daughter of sevenless ) each bind to substrates of tyrosine kinases like Grb2 or Corkscrew, and act in signalling pathways downstream of tyrosine kinase receptors. Here we show that Gab1 interacts directly with the c-met-encoded receptor tyrosine kinase but not with a number of other tyrosine kinases from different subfamilies. A newly identified proline-rich domain of Gab1 is responsible for the binding of this protein to the tyrosine-phosphorylated bidentate docking site in c-Met. Expression of Gab1 in epithelial cells is sufficient to induce the c-Met-specific activities, including branching morphogenesis. Thus we have discovered a new phosphotyrosine interaction domain in Gab1 and shown that Gab1 is the substrate of the c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase that mediates epithelial morphogenesis. PMID 8906793 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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The Permutation Test is Used to Reduce the Probability of Finding False Marker-QTL Associations を勝手に翻訳 2008.6.11 元のページ 引用文献 Churchill, G.A., and R.W. Doerge. 1994. Empirical threshold values for quantitative trait mapping. Genetics 138 963-971. Knott, S.A. and C.S. Haley. 1992. Aspects of maximium likelihood methods for the mapping of quantitative trait loci in line crosses. Genet. Res. 60 139-151. Lander, E.S. and D. Botstein. 1989. Mapping Mendelian factors underlying quantitative traits using RFLP linkage maps. Genetics 121 185-199. Liu, B.H. 1998. Statistical Genomics Linkage, mapping and QTL analysis. Pg. 570. CRC Press, Boca Raton. あらすじ 1) 実験全体のタイプ1の誤り(type 1 error)の頻度は、ランダムに並べ替えたサンプル(random sample of permutations)を用いると求めることができる。 2)実験毎(experiment wise)の誤りの割合は、各々の実験によって異なる。実験毎の誤りに影響する要因には:サンプルの数、ゲノムサイズ、評価するマーカーの数、形質に影響するQTLの数、各QTLの形質への影響の大きさ、が含まれる。 3)つづく
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Mission ミッション43-63 Mission 備考 1-42 43-63 64-84 85-105 zooblog.rockyou.com Level 43 Complete Silver Mastery on at least one Welcome Gate. Your visitors want a grand entrance! Click on Hearts by the Welcome Gate daily to increase mastery. Reach Platinum Mastery for Bald Eagle breeding. Bald Eagles are popular with the patrons, so the Wildlife Fund wants you to breed more. Click the “Breed” icon. Breed Bald Eagles until you reach Platinum Level. Have at least 3 islands in your Zoo. It’s getting cramped in here! Unlock at least 3 islands. Click on the “+” sign on your island selector for more instructions. Level 44 Gee whiz, answer 5 more daily quizzes correctly. Be known as a knowledgeable zookeeper and get your facts straight. Click on your Zoo Inbox. Answer 5 Daily Quiz questions correctly. These do not need to be consecutive. Complete 1 Bronze Level Greenhouse. Greenhouses can be used to shake multiple trees in one click. Buy a frame from the Buildables category of the shop. Collect pieces to complete. Once complete, place trees inside. Still stumped? Check out our blog post about building Greenhouses. Breed a Blue Dacnis.(20時間) The Wildlife Fund needs your help breeding this new rare animal. Buy 2 from the shop. Click on the Breed icon in your zoo. Successfully breed this rare species. Level 45 Have 2 each of Peccary, Serval, Nyala, Blue Dacnis, Canada Goose. Light up your zoo with 25 lamps. Visitors are complaining that it is too dark. Buy at least 25 lamps to light up your zoo. Go to the decorations category of shop. Look for any of these lamps under Accessories the Victorian Lamp, White Street Lamp, Heat Lamp, or Pink Heart Lamp. Own 2 Bronze level Greenhouses. Greenhouses can be used to shake trees in one click. Buy a frame from the Buildables category of shop. Collect pieces to complete the Greenhouse. Once complete, place trees inside. Level 46 Reach Silver Mastery for Blue Whale breeding. Blue Whales are popular with the patrons, so the Wildlife Fund wants you to breed more. Click the Breed icon. Breed Blue Whales until you reach Silver Mastery. Reach Silver Mastery on your Birds of Prey Show. Buy a Birds of Prey show from the Shows subtab in the Kiosks section of the shop. Collect money from it every day until you reach Silver Mastery. Find 3 more Mystery Gifts in your zoo. One of your wealthy patrons keeps leaving you mystery gifts in your zoo. Find 3 and claim the rewards. Search your zoo for a jumping blue box. Click it to open your prize. Be kind and share with your friends. Level 47 Noah’s Ark Rescue 5 pairs of feed-only animals. Get 2 each of 5 species found only on friends’ walls. Examples include the Highland Sheep, Hedgehog, Aardvark, Mustang, Walrus and Blue Ringed Octopus. Look for them on your friends’ walls, or ask your ZooMates to gift them to you. Wake everyone up with 5 more coffee shops. Your visitors are getting sleepy. Buy 5 coffee shops for your loyal patrons. Click on kiosks tab in Shop. Buy 5 coffee shops. Level 48 Get a Green Smiley for your overall Zoo Happiness Score. Boost your zoo’s profitability! Get a smiley for your Zoo Happiness Score. Click on the Zoo Happiness Icon below your visitor count. Follow instructions to improve your score. Get a Pomegranate Tree. Your visitors love picking Pomegranate off these fruitful trees. Collect pear trees via gifting or promotions. Go to the Collectibles tab in Shop. Go to the Flowering Tree subtab and upgrade your Pear Trees. Find 10 more treasures in your ZooMates’ zoos. Visit any ZooMate. Find treasures hidden beneath animal cages.(宝探し犬使用可) Level 49 Make it rain! Shake 100 more trees. (以前は温室をクリックでクリア出来たが、2014年は Big Tree を 100本以上クリックしないと駄目みたい?) Search your Zooand friends’ Zoos for trees to shake. Click to shake the trees. Reach Platinum Mastery for Red Panda breeding. Children love the Red Pandas, so the Wildlife Fund wants you to breed more. Click the Breed icon. Breed Red Pandas until you reach Platinum Mastery. Earn at least 1 gold trophy in your Trophy Room Earn Gold in any trophy in the Trophy Room. Click on the Trophy icon. Choose one to complete. Level 50 Get 9000 daily visitors. Buy a Stonehenge replica Your guests want to see something historical in your zoo. Go to the Decorations tab in Shop. Go to the Accessories subtab. Buy 1 Stonehenge.(1億zooキャッシュ) Get a Baby Elephant Topiary. Topiaries are attracting tons of green thumbs to your zoo. *Collect topiaries by clicking on breeding wall posts Go to the Collectibles tab in the Shop. Go to the Baby Topiary subtab and upgrade your Baby Giraffe Topiaries. Level 51 Breed a Clown Barb.(2日) The Wildlife Fund needs your help breeding this new rare animal. Buy 2 from the shop. Click on the Breed icon in your zoo. Successfully breed this rare species. ミッションが出てから、「zoo に公開」する必要あり。 Complete Gold mastery on at least one welcome gate. Click on hearts by your welcome gates daily. Buy 10 kiosks each of onion rings, potato chips and fried chicken food stands. Forget diets fatten up your visitors with fried food! Go to the Kiosks tab in the shop. Buy 10 each of the fried food kiosks from the food section. Onion rings xpレベル45以降購入可 fried chicken food stand xpレベル50以降購入可 Level 52 Get a Yellow Mushroom. Get colorful mushrooms to decorate your zoo. *Red Mushrooms by logging in everyday. *Go to Collectibles tab in Shop *Go to Mushroom and upgrade Red Mushrooms Protect your zoo with 20 fierce birds. Get 5 of each of these birds through the shop or breeding Black Kite, Red-Tailed Hawk, Hummingbird and Yellow-Eyed Penguin. Reach Gold Mastery for Blue Dacnis breeding The Blue Dacnis is endangered, so the Wildlife Fund wants you to breed it to diversify the gene pool. Click the Breed icon. Breed the Blue Dacnis until you reach Gold Mastery. Level 53 Get a Haunted House.(5500万zooキャッシュ) Spook your visitors into coming back! Go to the Decorations tab in the Shop. Go to the Buildings subtab. Buy 1 Haunted House. Upgrade your Birds of Prey show to Gold level. Buy a Birds of Prey Show from the Shows subtab in the Kiosks section of the shop. Collect money from it everyday until you reach Gold level. Earn at least 2 gold trophies in your Trophy Room. Click on the Trophy icon. Choose two to complete. level 54 Gee whiz, answer 5 more daily quizzes correctly. Be known as a knowledgeable zookeeper and get your facts straight. Click on your zoo inbox. Answer 5 more daily quiz questions correctly. Splish splash, an aquatic adventure! Get 5 each of these aquatic animals Leafy Sea Dragon, Whale Shark, Tiger Shark, Clownfish, and Dugong. Find 10 more treasures in your ZooMates’ zoos. Visit any ZooMate. Find treasures hidden beneath animal cages. Level 55 Have at least 4 islands in your zoo. It’s getting cramped in here! Unlock at least four islands. Click on the plus sign on your island selector for more instructions. Get a Star Fruit Tree. Your visitors love picking Star Fruit off these fruitful trees. Collect Pear Trees via gifting or promotions. Go to Collectibles tab in the Shop. Go to the Flowering Tree subtab and upgrade your Pear Trees. Upgrade your Rose Garden to Silver level. Beautify your zoo with some roses. Place your rose garden frame from storage onto your map. Collect roses and upgrade to Silver level. Level 56 Breed an (or a new ) Electric Eel.(23時間) The Wildlife Fund needs your help breeding this new rare animal. Buy 2 from the shop. Click on the Breed icon in your zoo. Successfully breed this rare species. Have at least $140,000,000 cash in the bank. You never know when you will need funds for a rainy day. Accumulate at least $140,000,000 cash in your bank account. Noah’s Ark get a pair of each of these animals. Have two each of the Chocolate chip Starfish, Clown Barb, Finch, Yellow Tang and Electric Eel. Purchase any of these animals you don’t have yet. Level 57 Breed a Hooded Seal.(3日) The Wildlife Fund needs your help breeding this rare animal. Buy 2 from the shop. Click on the Breed icon in your zoo. Successfully breed this rare species. Get a Green Smiley for overall Zoo Happiness Score. Don’t slack; maintain your zoo’s profitability! Get a smiley for your Zoo Happiness Score. Click on the Zoo Happiness Icon below your visitor count. Follow the instructions to improve your score. Have at least 10 growth formulas from feeding babies. Growth formulas help you breed faster. Collect them from feeding your friends’ baby animals. Check the Breeding tab for your Growth Formula balance. Level 58 Train 8 tricks overall. Hint the Swift can be trained too. Buy a Cupid and Candyman to help feed your animals. These staff members can make your life much easier. Upgrade your Birds of Prey show to Gold level. Buy a Birds of Prey Show from the Shows subtab in the Kiosks section of the shop. Collect money from it everyday until you reach Gold level. Level 59 Earn at least 1 platinum trophy in your Trophy Room. Click on the Trophy icon. Choose one to complete. Reach Platinum mastery for Kookaburra breeding. Kookaburras are popular with the patrons, so the Wildlife Fund wants you to breed more. Click the Breed icon Breed Kookaburras until you reach Platinum level. Move all animals onto your islands. Your animals are cold and sad in storage. Move them all onto your islands. Open Storage. Drag all animals to your maps. Level 60 Buy 1 Zoo Center for your zoo. Visitors are getting lost, so buy a zoo center for everyone to enjoy. Go to Decorations in Shop. Go to the Buildings subtab. Buy 1 Zoo Center.(1千万zooキャッシュ) Complete 1 Silver level greenhouse. Greenhouses can be used to shake trees in one click. Buy a frame from the Buildables category of shop. Upgrade 3 Bronze Greenhouses to get a Silver one. Get a Baby Camel Topiary Topiaries are attracting tons of green thumbs to your zoo. Collect topiaries by clicking on breeding wall posts. Go to the Collectibles tab in the Shop. Go to the Baby Topiary subtab and upgrade your Baby Giraffe Topiaries. Level 61 Breed 2 Hammerkops.(4日+4日 初めてのブリーディングで2匹同時は不可能,既に1匹ブリーディングしていて、2匹目の公開ではNG。しかし2匹同時でなくても可。もし既に4羽居て座布団が2つ以上空いていれば、1回のブリーディング(4日)で完了する。或いは前もって XP61 になる日付を計算してブリーディングを初め、ミッションが出てから公開すればすぐ完了する。) The Wildlife Fund wants you to breed a pair of these Hammerkops for their diversification program. Buy 2 from the shop. Click on the Breed icon in your zoo. Successfully breed two of this rare species. Get a Green Smiley for your overall Zoo Happiness Score. Don’t slack; maintain your zoo’s profitability! Get a smiley for your Zoo Happiness Score. Click on the Zoo Happiness Icon below your visitor count. Follow instructions to improve your score. Decorate each island with at least 50 decorations. Visitors are complaining that some of your islands are a bore. Buy decorations. Place at least 50 decorations on each of your islands. Level 62 Earn the Silver Trophy for Generous Gifter. Shower your friends with gifts to make them feel loved. Go to the Send Gift tab. Send friends gifts. Check on trophy progress in the Trophy Room as friends accept your gifts. Have at least $145,000,000 cash. A happy zoo is a profitable one! Make sure you have $145 million zoo dollars in your bank account. There might be a big spend around the corner. Have at least 30 kiosks per island. Visitors want to spend their money too. Buy kiosks from Shop. Place at least 30 kiosks per island.(過去に買った物もokで、各島に配置する必要は無いが、(加えた数だけのキオスクマネージャーが必要!!)} Level 63 Spend at least $100,000,000, starting now. You have to spend money to make money. Go to the shop and spend at least $100 million. Visit 15 Zoomates today. Be a tourist and visit your ZooMates’ zoos. (全zooの宝探しもしてしまうと、Mission64は翌日になる。) Complete Platinum mastery on at least one welcome gate. Click on hearts by your welcome gates daily Mission 備考 1-42 43-63 64-84 85-105 zooblog.rockyou.com 以下宣伝
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【パーソナリティ】 名前:川西空美 年齢:17 性別:女 レベル:1 ワークス :学園生(一般) 肉体的特徴 :ごく普通の標準体型 性格 :優しくおおらか 未使用経験点:0 515.jpg 全身イラスト http //manbeast.sakura.ne.jp/ero-on-session/up/upfile/516.jpg 【能力値】 体力:4 運動力:2 知力:2 魔力:4 【副能力値】 HP:22 MP:8 CP:0 IV:4 SP:0 【アトリビュート】 フィジカル/マジカル:6/4 【魔法】 名称 使用 判定 MP 射程 対象 効果 《アタッカー》 常時 なし 0 なし 自身 武器攻撃のダメージ+1を得る。 《ライトニングヒット》 補助 白兵 2 なし 自身 武器攻撃のダメージに+1D6を得る。 触手系モンスターにダメージ+5。粘液系モンスターにダメージ-5。 《ヘビーアタック》 能動 白兵 3 なし 単体 [白兵]での武器攻撃を行なう。この際、ダメージ+【体力】を得る。 《フライト》 能動 なし 1 なし 自身 空を飛ぶ。 【クライシスアクト】 名称 CP SP 使用条件 <汚された肢体> 1 0 なし/HPダメージ <貼りつく異物> 1 1 なし/APorHPダメージ <ぱんつはいてない> 1 1 スカート着用/腰APへダメージ <自慰> 2 1 なし/[催淫]状態である <純潔の証> 3 1 処女/HPダメージ <無垢なる純情> 1 1 SP0限定使い捨て/なし <つい見てしまう> 1 1 なし/なし <口辱> 1 1 SP8以下/HPダメージ 【クライシスアビリティ】 名称 使用 判定 CP 射程 対象 効果 《ポテンシャル》 特殊 任意 任意 なし 自身 任意の量のCPを消費し、直後の判定において+(消費したCP)D6の修正を得る。 《ファイナルストライク》特殊 白兵 3 なし 自身 直後の白兵攻撃の判定に+5D6の修正を得る。 【武器】 名称 PA 射程 分類 威力 解説 大剣 4 なし 白兵 2D6+6 白兵戦闘大剣・紫電改三 【防具】 名称 PA 胸AP 腰AP 解説 バトルコスチューム 2 12 10 特攻式セーラー服 【設定】 普段はいつも教室の窓から空を見上げている。戦闘機(特に零戦)が大好き。
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Jillian Michaels Fitness Adventure 項目数:30 総ポイント:1000 難易度: ~1000:★★☆☆☆ ☆Kinect専用 ★国内未発売 リージョンロックのため国内版本体では起動不可。北米版本体で起動可能。 ※欧州版は別実績(欧州リージョンロック) 個々の解除条件は難しくないが、ボリュームが多く判定難もあるため時間はかかる。1日30分ペースだと1ヶ月は見たい。 Upper-Body Strength Complete 100 push-ups in Single Exercise, Circuits or Adventure mode 25 Ups and Downs Complete 50 push-ups in Single Exercise, Circuits or Adventure mode 15 Weekly challenge Work out for 7 consecutive days 50 High Five Work out for 5 consecutive days 30 Stretch It Out Complete a warm-up sequence in Circuits or Adventure mode 10 Jump For the Stars Complete 100 power jumps in Single Exercise, Circuits or Adventure mode 25 Energized! Complete 100 jumping jacks in Single Exercise, Circuits or Adventure mode 25 Combat Veteran Complete all Squat Round Kicks, Boxing Elbow combos and Boxing Punch Combos in Single Exercise mode 20 Abdominator Complete 500 crunches in Single Exercise, Circuits or Adventure mode 75 Push-up Master Complete regular, traveling and close push-ups in Single Exercise mode 20 Cardio Champion Complete jumping jacks, squat jacks, high knees and butt kicks in Single Exercise mode 20 Core Crusher Complete crunches, obliques, boat pose, and one-leg scissor crunches in Single Exercise mode 20 Totally Armed Complete squat press, hammer curl, close push-up, and push-up in Single Exercise mode 20 Plyo Prize Complete power jumps, jump squats, split press and skaters in Single Exercise mode 20 As Days Go By Player must check their work out progress in the Fitness Calendar 5 Checking the Ranks Access the Leaderboards from Stats or Adventure results 5 All aboard! Complete 1 custom training circuit in Circuits mode 10 Keep the Train Rollin Complete 10 custom training circuits in Circuits mode 50 Personal Trainer Create a custom training circuit in Circuits mode 5 Third Times a Charm Work out for 3 consecutive days 15 Follow the Leader Complete a Jillian created training circuit in Circuits mode 15 Jillian s Apprentice Complete all Jillian created training circuits in Circuits mode 125 Journey Begins Here Complete 1 circuit in Fitness Adventure mode 10 No Turning Back Complete 15 circuit in Fitness Adventure mode 30 Almost There! Complete 35 circuits in Fitness Adventure mode 70 Mission Complete Complete all circuits in Fitness Adventure mode 175 Try, Try Again Complete all exercises in Single Exercise mode 60 Carry Your Weight Complete all 15 exercises that use dumbbells in Single Exercise mode 15 First Date Access the Fitness Calendar from Stats 5 Strength and Balance Complete 150 forward lunges in Single Exercise, Circuits or Adventure mode 30 各トレーニングの成功判定が最低(赤)の場合、その回のFitness Adventure modeやCircuits modeを終わらせるための回数にはカウントされるが、実績上の累積回数にはカウントされない模様。 赤より上の判定を一度も取れずに各モードを終えた場合は、そのモードのクリアカウント(チェックマーク)もつかない。 Keep the Train Rollin 順番も含めて全く同じ構成だと、別の枠で作っても別のプログラムとしてカウントされない。
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CLASS MARK GUARDIAN BERSERKER ASSASSIN PALADIN RANGER MAGE MYSTIC WARLOCK - - 種族別クラス対応一覧 inven情報によると下記の通り。韓国Pmangと相違しているため確認中。 HIERON NEUTRALITY UNIONHABICHTS SYLVANELF LUPUS FEDAYIN MASCU SIREN AMISTAD AQUAELF PANTERA IBLIS
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■ゲームの概要 Gameplay Overview・住民 Citizens・資源 Resources・建物と建設 Buildings and Construction・災害 Disasters■ナビゲーションコントロール Navigation Controls .■メインツールバー Main Toolbar・シミュレーション速度 Simulation Speed■ツールとレポート Tools and Reports・ステータスバー Status Bar・イベントログ Event Log・エリアマップ Area Map・職業 Professions・資源の上限 Resource Limits・優先ツール Priority Tool・通勤経路ツール Path Tool・カメラの位置 Camera Locations・町の統計 Town Statistics・ヘルプ Help■生活の場と住宅 Home and Housing .・木造の家 Wooden Houses・石造りの家 Stone Houses・下宿 Boarding houses ■道路と橋 Roads and Bridges・未舗装の道 Dirt Roads・石畳の道 Stone Roads・橋 Bridges・トンネル Tunnels■保管、市場と交易 Storage, Markets & Trade・納屋 Strage barns・資材置場 Stock Piles・市場 Markets・交易所 Trading Posts■町のサービス Town Service・井戸 Wells・学校 Schools・病院 Hospitals・タウンホール(役場) Town Halls・チャペル(教会) Chapels・共同墓地 Cemeteries■食糧の生産 Food Production・畑 Crop Fields・果樹園 Orchards・放牧地 Pastures・釣り小屋 Fishing Docks・狩猟小屋 Hunting Cabin・採集小屋 Gatherers Huts ■資源生産 Resource Production .・薪割り Woodcutters・林業 Foresters・薬師 Herbalists・鍛冶屋 Blacksmiths・仕立屋 Tailors・酒場 Taverns・鉱業 Mines・採石場 Quarries■破壊と除去ツール Removing Structure・建物を破壊する Removing Structure・資源の除去(収集) Removing Resources・伐採 Harvesting Trees・石の収集 Collecting Stone・鉄の収集 Collecting Iron・道路を削除する Removing Roads・除去のキャンセル Canceling Removal■クレジット Credits ツールとレポート Tools and Reports ツールとレポートメニューでは、様々なインターフェース要素を非表示にしたり、表示させたり、 労働者に特定の職業を任せ、資源製造を制限し、作業の優先順位を変えることによって、町を管理することができます。 Status Bar スターテス・バー季節、人口、資源の保存・在庫量を表示します。 Event Log イベント・ログ出生、死亡、旅商人の到着等のイベントを表示します。 Town Map タウン・マップ地域の俯瞰図を表示します。 Professions プロフェッション専門職に労働者を割り当てます。 Resource Limits リソース・リミット保存量が一定になったときに生産を停止するよう制限を設定します。 Priority Tool プライオリティ・ツールその位置について、作業の優先順位を上げます。 Path Tool パス・ツール働き手が職場と家を通勤する経路を表示します。 Camera Locations カメラ・ロケーション高速ナビゲーションのために、カメラの位置を保存し、復元します。 Focus Town Hall フォーカス・タウンホールタウンホール(役場)に焦点を当て、その詳細画面を表示します。 Help ヘルプこの参照ガイドを表示します。 The tools and reports menu allows you to hide and show various interface elements, and manage your town by assigning workers to specific professions, limiting resource production, and changing work priority. Status Bar Show the season, population, and amounts of stored inventory. Event Log Show events such as births, death, and arrival of traders. Town Map Show an overhead map of the area. Professions Assign workers to professions. Resource Limits Set limits to stop production when storage is full. Priority Tool Increase the priority of work at a location. Path Tool View paths that workers take from work to home. Camera Locations Save and restore camera view for fast navigation. Focus Town Hall Focus on the town hall and show its details. Help Show its reference guide.
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Doctoral Reading List Summary of Category A. General Question [1. Public Health vs Medicine] Lab Research vs Existing Public Health Intervention Infectious disease vs. Non-infectious disease [2. Resource Allocation Vertical vs Horizontal] [3. Africa/Development/Money] [4. General Family Planning Topics] [5. MDGs] [6. AIDS] B. Economics Question [1. Development(Health and Demography)] HIV and Economic Growth(New) Malaria and Economic Growth(New) [2. Inequality] [3. Definition of Development] [4. Market Failure] [X. Lewis/Harris-Todaro Model(less likely to be in exam)] C. Demography Question [1. Demographic Transition] [2. Population Growth] [3. Historical Decline in Mortality] [4. Fertility/Family Planning] Abortion [5. African Fertility Decline] [6. Below-Replacement Level and Aging (Immigration/Social Security)] [7. Population Projection] D. Measuring Population Health/Health Risk Factor Question [1. DALY/DALE/QALY] [2. Population Health Rose(1985)] [3. Determinants of Health] [4. Epidemiologic Transition] [5. Risk Factor Analysis(Obesity, Smoking, IAP)] E. Politics Question [1. Political Analysis] [2. Health System Performance/Reform] F. Ethics Question [1.Inequality/Inequity] [2.Maximization vs Fair Distribution] [3.Individual vs Social Responsibility] [4.Priority on Health Worker] [5.Global Burden of Disease/Priority Setting] [6.Research Ethics Question] General [1. Public Health vs Medicine] The next major contribution to improvements in global health will stem from lab research. Discuss the accuracy of this statement and its implications for public health research.(2005 First) Describe the view that the focus on health care in developing countries should now focus on non-infectious rather than infectious disease(Practice Question) [ 2. Resource Allocation Vertical vs Horizontal] 2. Do you think that countries' investment in the health care sector should focus on the underlying health systems or specific disease entities or some combinations of both? What types of investments were the most productive? Justify your answer using specific examples.(2006 First) [3. Africa and Development] 3. What factors account for the very poor levels of health in sub-Saharan Africa? Is money the answer to Africa s health problems?(2005 Second) 4. Describe two salient public health problems facing Africa and the nature and degree of success of current efforts to address them. Assess critically the view that the most effective solution to these problems will be to increase dramatically the flow of financial aid to Africa. Give examples. 5. (a)Describe two salient public health programs facing Africa and the nature and degree of success of current efforts to address them. (b)With reference to the problems described in your answer to part(a), evaluate the view that the key to addressing these problems is to increase dramatically the flow of financing aid to Africa. Cite research and other arguments or evidence in support of your views.(2006 Review Session) 6. Jeffrey Sachs has argued that the three top priorities for Africa’s health systems are “One, money. Two, money. Three, money.”In particular, he has advocated for a substantial increase in funding to combat HIV/AIDS. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of Sach’s stance using the “3 spheres” framework (capacity, value, support) to inform your answer [4. General Family Planning Related Topics] (HIV/AIDS and RH) 7. The movement against the spread of HIV/AIDs represents a threat to the goal of attracting more funding and attention to population growth, women’s mental health, and young people’s reproductive health and rights. This is because not only public attention but also financial and human resources will be drawn away from family planning, emergency obstetric care, and comprehensive sexuality education with the influx of funds for HIV/AIDs. Explain where and why you agree or disagree with the statement, discuss the implications the statement for policy; and discusses the implication of each statement for applied research.(2006)(Do not need it) (Men s Involvement) 8. The issue of involvement of men can be seen as marginal to the goals of improving young people’s sexual and reproductive health and rights, and reducing maternal mortality and morbidity. A gender-sensitive approach to women and girls is sufficient. Explain where and why you agree or disagree with the statement, discuss the implications the statement for policy; and discusses the implication of each statement for applied research.(2006 Review) [5. MDGs politics] (MDGs RH) 9. The population and reproductive health fields is on the defensive against a powerful set of opponents. Proponents are cling to the ICPD/Cairo goals but PRI's omission from the MDGs that are shaping the international development and indicators has been a major setback. Explain where and why you agree or disagree the implications the statement for policy, and discusses the implications of each statement for applied research(2006 Review) 10. The MDGs are an ambitious agenda for reducing poverty and improving lives that world leaders agreed on at the millennium summit in September 2000. For each goal one or more targets have been set, most for 2015, using 1990 as a benchmark. It has been argued that the goal of reproductive health for all, and the associated target to universal access to quality reproductive health services, is also worthy of inclusion on its list. (A)Discuss briefly what is meant by the notion of "development" in MDGs. To what extent can it be argued that reproductive health of all should be a development goals in its own right? (B) Suppose we accept the MDGs as they are. Discuss how using reproductive health as an instrument could contribute to the achievement of the other MDGs. Focus on two MDGs where you think access to reproductive health services might be most effective and be sure to cite, and critically assess, theoretical and empirical evidence relevant to your arguments.(2006 Review) (MDGs Achievement) 11. The Millennium Development Goals are an ambitious agenda for reducing poverty and improving lives that would leaders agreed on at the Millennium Summit in September 2000. For each goal one or more targets have been set, most for 2015 using 1990 as benchmark.a. Discuss the health targets set in the Millennium development goals; how likely are they to be achieved. b. To what extent can health also be viewed as an instrument for achieving the other goals?(2006 Review) 12. The following goals is part from the Millennium Development Goals. Choose one goal and justify its inclusion in the list of development goals; a. Justify the goal’s inclusion in the list using both theory and evidence discussed in class. b) Comment on the appropriateness of one of the indicators used to assess the attainment of the goal. (2006 Review) [6. AIDS] 13. Describe and evaluate the methods that can be used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS in developing countries. Should prevention or treatment be the priority for government? What framework would you use to decide on the best course of action? 14. Discuss critically the criteria that are used for priority setting for health interventions. Which criteria do you think are most useful? Illustrate your answer with reference to treatment and prevention programs for HIV/AIDS in developing countries.(2005 First) Economics [1. Development] (Health- Economy) 15. Discuss the routes through which health might affect economic outcome. Does empirical research confirm a causal path leading from better health to improved economic outcome? (2005 Second) 16. How do improvements in population health affect economic growth?(2007 Preview) 17. What new evidence can be marshaled to link economic well-being with population health? In what ways has our conceptualization of the direction and nature of these connections changed in recent years? (2007 Prep) 18. (A) What are the conceptual links between population health and poverty reduction? (B) Describe the nature of the empirical evidence on the existence and strength of these links. (C)To what extent is the knowledge base in this area applicable to Sub-Saharan Africa?(2005 First) 19. Can population health be improved dramatically in a resource poor setting such as found in much of Sub-Saharan Africa without first increasing income levels dramatically? (2006 Review) 20. Discuss the concept of health-development spirals. Be sure to explain their nature, and to summarize empirical evidence related to their existence and their strength Comment also on their implications for policy interventions aimed at promoting population health and human development.(2007 Prep) 21. Using the “triangle diagram” below, describe how exogenous interventions influence links between population/health, income, and capital. In particular, choose three exogenous interventions (one for each of the dashed arrows) and describe how that intervention might influence the endogenous links. When choosing the exogenous interventions, pick one medical intervention, one non-medical health intervention, and one non-health intervention to make your case.(2006 Review) (Demography- Economy) 22. What effect does falling fertility have on economic development? Using examples, explain the mechanism through which such demographic changes affect development.(2007 First) 23. Discuss the interaction between the demographic transition and economic development.(2006 Second) [2. Inequality] 24. If one ranked the world’s population by their per capita income, the average income of the top 1 billion would be about 100 times the average income of the bottom 1 billion. a)What is the impact of income inequality on population health? b) Describe 2 pieces of evidence that demonstrate the associaton between income inequality and health; c) Describe 2 mechanisms that have been proposed that link income inequality to health 25. Is there empirical evidence that proves that greater income equality contributes to an overall improvement in health? Are there population in which income inequalities are wide and health differentials are small?(2007 prep) 26. Is there a consistent positive relationship between good health and socio-economic status? What is the basis of this relationship? Are there exceptions to this relationship?(2007 prep) [3. Definition of Development] 27. A major goal of the international community is to promote development in the least developed countries. What is meant by “development”? What roles dose health has to play in this development agenda?(2006 Review) [4. Market Failure] 28. In economic theory, free markets lead to efficient outcomes. Why does the free markets fail to provide efficient outcomes in the provision of health services?(2005 Second) 29. Why can we not simply leave health care to the market?(2006 First) Demography [1. Demographic Transition] 30. (i) Explain what is meant by the demographic transition (ii)What are the causal forces that lie behind the transition? (iii)Give examples of countries that appear to have followed the pattern predicted by transition theory Are there countries that have not followed this pattern?(2006 First) Describe the demographic transition. To what extent does it capture the experience of developing countries today.(Practice question) (Fertility/Mortality relationship) 31. Do decline in fertility translate into improvements in mortality and morbidity? Give examples of cases where the links are very clear and explain why the relationship is difficult to examine elsewhere.(2005 second) 32. What are the health benefits of low fertility? Should governments promote policies to lower fertility? Give examples of policies that governments have implemented to successfully reduce fertility. 33. Is an improvement in child survival a necessary precursor to fertility decline? Are there exceptional cases? Discuss with reference to specific countries or regions. 34. What are the necessary precursors to a decline in a population's fertility? Are there exceptional cases? Discuss with reference to specific countries or regions.(2005 First) [2. Population Growth] 35. Is there still cause for concern about rapid population growth rates in low-income countries? Using one country or region to illustrate your answer, outline the evidence available to support your answer.(2007 prep) 36. Explain what Thomas Malthus meant by "positive" and "preventive" checks to population growth. Do either of these concepts have any relevance to understanding today's population growth rate? Explain your answer with reference to specific cases.(2007 prep) [3. Historical Decline in Mortality] 37. Are the lessons learned from studying the causes of the early 20th centaury improvements in childhood mortality in Europe and North America applicable to the reduction of mortality in low-income countries today? Give reasons for your answer and provide examples and comparisons.(2006 Review) 38. Does the study of the improvement in child survival in NW Europe and the US in 1900 help us in promoting child survival in high mortality countries today? (2006 Prep) 39. Explain the factors that lie behind the long term decline in mortality rates throughout the world over the last 200 years. 40. Which factors explain the major reduction in under 5 mortality in the sub-Saharan African countries surveyed by DHS in the 1990s? How do these factors differ from those responsible for the improvements in childhood mortality in NW Europe and North America in the early 1900s. [4. Fertility/Family Planning] 41. How would you justify an investment in a publicly supported family planning program? What evidence is there that such investment positively affect reproductive health?(2005 First) 42. Have past investments in modern family services paid off? Why has international support for fertility limitation program reduce recently?(2007 prep) 43. With reference to one region or country of your choice, comment critically on the view that national, publicly supported family planning programs have had a major impact on the speed and timing of the decline in fertility. Does this evidence justify the continued pubic support of such programs in high fertility countries? Discuss the rationale for government provision of reproductive health service in low income countries.(Practice Question) (More attention on FP/RH) 44. What is needed now to promote attention and funding to reproductive health is to effect a “paradigm shift” in the global health sector, ensuring that the health policy agenda will value, rather than ignore, the investments required to achieve the Cairo census. Alliances of researchers and advocates will be required in this effort. Explain where and why you agree or disagree with the statement, discuss the implications the statement for policy; and discusses the implication of each statement for applied research(2006 Review). 45. In the current political climates in Washington, it is not worth investing much in advocacy work inside the Beltway, media education and cultivation, etc. that focuses on international population and reproductive health issues. Explain where and why you agree or disagree with the statement, discuss the implications the statement for policy; and discusses the implication of each statement for applied research(2006 Review) (abortion) 46. What is the contribution of induced abortion to contemporary fertility transition? Is the use of abortion always an indicator of unmet need for contraception?(2007 prep) [5. Fertility/Africa] 47. Why is fertility falling in sub-Saharan Africa today? Does existing fertility theory help us to interpret these new trends?(2007 prep) 48. Why did fertility fall so rapidly in south-east Asia compared with more recent decline in Africa and the Middle East?(2006 prep) [6. Below-Replacement Level and Aging (Immigration/Social Security)] 49. Are there economic and social argument for intervening to raise below-replacement fertility levels in advanced market economies? What policies are likely to be effective and why? Refer to specific countries if appropriate.(2007 prep)(2006 Revie) 50. Should governments in countries with below-replacement fertility implement policies to increase natality? What benefits would flow from any resultant increases in fertility? Which policy measures are most likely to be successful and why?(2006 Second) 51. What are the social and economic consequence of below-replacement fertility? What remedies are being proposed to raise population growth rate? Which seem to you most likely to succeed?(2006 prep) [7. Population Projection] (Cohort Component) 52. Why have long-term population projections of the world's population proved so unrealiable in the past? What can be done to improve the accuracy of future population projection? (Brass Method) 53. UNICEF has asked you to describe the trends in under 5 mortality for a sub-Saharan African country with incomplete vital registration. The country has three recent DHS surveys and four censuses- each asked about the survival of near relatives(mothers-children;adults-parents). What analytic methods would you employ and why? Discuss the merits and drawbacks of each(2007 First) Measuring Population Health 54. Apart from life expectancy, what measures would you propose to assess the contribution of a health system to the health of a population? Justify your choice of measures and illustrate with examples. (2006 First) 55. Over the last decade there have been some new developments in the approach to the measurement of the health of populations for priority setting at national, regional, and global scales, Disability Adjusted Life Years being the most prominent at the international level. Using the table below a) Briefly describe how DALYs are calculated. b) Describe 2 advantages to using DALYs to measure population health compared to using strictly mortality based measures such as the crude death rate or age-specific death rates. c) Identify 2 criticisms of the use and/or measurement of DALYs. What are the bases for those criticisms and how might a proponent of DALYs counter those criticisms?(2006 Review) 56. Discuss the theoretical properties a good measure of population health should have and the advantages and disadvantages of at least two measures that are currently used(2007 Prep). Health Risk Factor [Population Health Rose(1985)] 57. Describe the trade-offs of individual vs population level approaches to disease control using appropriate examples. If countries focus on a population approach, what changes would this require to current policies and programs?(2006 Second) 58. Explain the concept of "population health". Why is this term widely used today? What are the implications for research of adopting the population health approach to assessments of health status and for health interventions?(2007 prep) 59. Explain what you understand by the term "population health". Is this useful concept? How can it help in improving a nation s health (2006 prep) [Determinants of Health] 60. Why are some population healthy and others are not?(2007 prep) 61. What are the main dimension of health disparities in low-income countries? Are there the same dimensions as we see in the US and Europe?(2006 prep) [Epidemiologic Transition] 62. Describe the concept referred to as the "epidemiologic transition". Use the graph below, as well as other appropriate examples, to describe if there are epidemiological phenomena and patterns for which the current notion of epidemiological transition is incorrect or inadequate.(2006 Second) 63. Distinguish the mortality transition, the epidemiologic transition and the health transition Which framework seems to you most useful in understanding contemporary trends in population health worldwide?(2007 prep) [Risk Factor Analysis] 64. Some researchers have predicted that the rise in obesity will lead to a reversal of the gains in life expectancy and population health in developed nations. Discuss the empirical evidence for and against this prediction using an analytical framework(2007 First) 65. More than half of the world population uses biomass in traditional ways for their household energy needs. In many contexts, indoor air pollution is the result, causing respiratory and other ailments that impede the demographic transition and the process of economic and social development. Explain where and why you agree or disagree with the statement, discuss the implications the statement for policy; and discuss the implication of each statement for applied research(2006 Review) Politics [Political Analysis] 66. What is political analysis for policy reform and why is it important for health sector reform? Provide a clear justification and refer to possible problems, using cases where possible(2007 First) [Health System] (evaluation) 67. Discuss and critically evaluate the criteria that could be used to evaluate the performance of health system in low-income countries.(2005 Second) 68. What criteria would you use to evaluate the performance if a health system? Briefly justify your answer?(2005 First) 69. What should the goal of the health system be? Given this goal how should priorities be set?(2007 Prep) (health reform) 70. Select a health problem(such as high maternal mortality, high infant mortality, high personal costs of health care) in one country whose health system you know well. Discuss how reforms to the health system might help address that problem(such as introduction of social health insurance or decentralization). Then discuss how that solution will change different elements of the health system and how those changes will affect the health problem.(2006 Second) 71. Discuss how health system reform has progressed in a country that you are familiar with. How has reform affected the working of health system? Explain in detail how the reform has impacted the burden of disease and how it has affected the distribution of health care benefits and cost in the society.(2007 Prep) Ethics (Maximization vs Fairness) 73. The goal of resource allocation in the health sector should be to maximize aggregate measure of population health. Critically discuss with reference to an important contributor to the burden of disease in developing countries.(2006 First) 74. Health policy has two goals maximizing population health and distributing it fairly. Unfortunately, they may conflict with each other. On what basis can such conflict be resolved? Discuss with reference to a specific country.(2007 First) (Priority Setting-Cost-effectiveness and Other criteria) 75. What problems are there in setting priority for investment in public health services based on the estimates of the national burden of disease? What additional measures and considerations would improve the priority-setting process?(2007 prep) 76. “The bigger the burden of disease associated with a particular disease, the more resources we should devote to it.” According to the table below, then the majority of resources should be devoted to non communicable diseases. Critique this statement, discussing a)Principles of resource allocation; b) Limitations of the data and how that might affect your answer(2006 Review) (Public Health/Medicine + priority setting) 77. Imagine that for the same amount of money A 65-year old with advanced TB could be provided treatment, saved from imminent death, and go on to live the remainder of his life in a healthy state; OR 10 malnourished children could be provided treatment, saved from imminent death, and go on to live the remainder of their lives in a healthy state. A physician treating TB patients cites a professional and ethical obligation for her to use that money to cure her patient of TB regardless of the opportunity cost. From the point of view of a public health professional, how might you respond to the physician? In your response compare the field of public health and medicine.(2006 Review) (When is inequality unjust?) 78. When are health inequalities unfair? Illustrate your answer with examples. (2005 Second) (Individual vs Social Responsibility) 79. How should we divide responsibility for health between individuals and society? Illustrate with reference to a central example, such as smoking, alcohol or obesity.(2006 First) (Priority on Health Worker) 80. Should health care workers be given priority in prophylaxis and treatment in the event of a pandemic or avian flue? Should states ever depart from the goal of avoiding as many death as possible?(2006 Second) Other Study Guides Gary Becker's Price Theory/ゲイリー・ベッカー流価格理論 Health Risk Decision Analysis/健康リスク意思決定分析 Health Economics in the U.S and Europe/アメリカとヨーロッパの医療経済学 Health Economics in Japan and Asian Countries/日本とアジアの医療経済学 Demography/人口学 Environmental Economics/アメリカの環境経済学 Law and Economics/法と経済学 Global and Domestic Health Law/グローバル・国内医療法 Empirical Microeconomics/実証ミクロ経済学 Social Insurance/社会保険 Financial, Health, and Consumer Literacy/金融・健康・消費者リタラシー
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TIMER ScriptVOTE COUNTER ScriptGrammarian DutiesTable Topics Master Do s and Don tsEvaluatior Do s and Don tsJargonsTIMER My job as the Timer is to keep track of the time each table topic speaker, prepared speaker, and evaluator spends. The timing starts with the first verbal or non-verbal form of communication with the audience. Each table topic speaker is given two minutes. I will raise the green card when the speaker has spoken for one minute, the amber card at one minute and 30, and the red at two minutes. The speaker must wind up his or her remarks within 30 seconds after the red card, although it will remain displayed until the speech is concluded. Any speaker who speaks for less than one minute or more than two minutes 30 is eligible for awards. Each evaluator is given three minutes. The timing is two minute, two minute and 30, and three minutes. followed by the 30-seconds leeway after red. Timing for each prepared speaker depends on his or her project. For today the first three speakers will speak for four to six minutes, and the fans will be raised at four, five, and six. The fourth speaker will speak for eight to ten minutes and the timing will be eight, nine, and ten followed by 30-seconds leeway. (I also time one minute of silence between prepared speeches, for you to write feedback to prepared speakers. I will report the result of timing at the end of each session.) Timer s Report First speaker (Name) spoke for 1minute 30 (seconds) Second speaker (Name) ...VOTE COUNTER My role as vote counter is to count the number of votes after each session to choose the best speaker of the session. Please fill in your ballot and cast it in these boxes. I will tally the vote and pass the results to TMOD. At the end of the meeting, TMOD announces the Best Table Topics Speaker, the Best Evaluator, and the Best Prepared Speaker. All speakers, please do your best.Grammarian Duties Records grammatical errors and nice expressions made during the meeting and report.Makes a GRAHCO report toward the end of the meeting.Table Topics Master * First state your table topics question, and then assign. This allows audience to get involved as they think they might be assigned. * Create topics that are short and answerable. * Whenever possible don t offer Table Topics participation to scheduled speakers so that they can concentrate on their roles Evaluator Here are tips to help your evaluation * Contact your assigned speaker prior to the meeting to know the title, the project number and the objectives of the speaker s project. Evaluators often request the speech script in advance. * Make your evaluation based on the objectives of the speech.. * Evaluations that is all praise is called a white Wash. Try to find at least one suggestion for improvement no matter how good the speech is. * Your evaluation is only your opinion. Avoid expressions that sound authoritative such as you should have , We thought and Why did you . More honest and suitable expressions are I think and I felt . * Always remember to show respect to the speaker, and conclude your evaluation in a positive and upbeat tone. Give your evaluation in a manner that the speaker feels encouraged. * Your evaluation is intended for the improvement of the speaker. Don t make it an opportunity to create your own speech , embarras the person or boast your knowledge.JARGONSSAA reads surgent at arms . This officer welcomes guests at the door and arrange for venue, meal reservations and cancellations.TM reads toastmaster and not tea em . When you call a member during a meeting, say toastmaster so and so .Vote counter handles ballots used at regular meetings. Only one name is written in this ballot used to choose the best table topics speaker, best evaluater and best prepared speaker respectively. Tally counter handles tally sheets used at contests. The first, second, and third best speakers are written in each sheet used by contest judges and the results are tallied. Therefore the sheet is called a tally sheet, and not a ballot, and the role is called the Tally counter. The information on this Web site is for the sole use of Toastmasters’members, for Toastmasters business only. It is not to be used for solicitation and distribution of non-Toastmasters materials or information. (c) 2005-2010 Aoyama Lunch Toastmasters Club The names Toastmasters International , Toastmasters and the Toastmasters International emblem are trademarks protected in the United States, Canada and other countries where Toastmasters Clubs exist. Unauthorized use is strictly prohibited.
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