約 6,614,594 件
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1. 目的 2. 構成2.1. 設定概要 2.2. 構成図 2.3. netファイル 2.4. 初期設定 2.5. サーバ側 ルーティング設定 3. [検証] TCP header 圧縮3.1. 設定投入 3.2. 設定確認 4. [検証] RTP header 圧縮4.1. 設定投入 4.2. 設定確認 1. 目的 圧縮の設定について確認します。 2. 構成 2.1. 設定概要 Host OS側でApacheを起動させます。 R1, R2間はframe-relayで接続します。 R1, R2はOSPFでルーティングします。 2.2. 構成図 2.3. netファイル model = 3620 [localhost] [[3620]] image = C \Program Files\Dynamips\images\c3620-j1s3-mz.123-18.bin ram = 128 [[ROUTER R1]] f1/0 = NIO_gen_eth \Device\NPF_{8B89D910-5ED3-4A43-9DE9-6A272A3D7592} s0/0 = SW 0 [[FRSW SW]] 0 100 = 1 100 [[ROUTER R2]] f1/0 = NIO_gen_eth \Device\NPF_{5933302A-7AAA-475C-A8FE-A6B82B0C0F98} s0/0 = SW 1 2.4. 初期設定 R1 ! version 12.3 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec no service password-encryption ! hostname R1 ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! ! no aaa new-model ip subnet-zero ! ! ! ip cef ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! interface Serial0/0 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay ip ospf network broadcast serial restart-delay 0 frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.2 100 broadcast ! interface Serial0/1 no ip address shutdown serial restart-delay 0 ! interface Serial0/2 no ip address shutdown serial restart-delay 0 ! interface Serial0/3 no ip address shutdown serial restart-delay 0 ! interface FastEthernet1/0 ip address 192.168.200.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ! router ospf 1 log-adjacency-changes passive-interface default no passive-interface Serial0/0 network 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0 network 192.168.200.1 0.0.0.0 area 0 ! ip http server ip classless ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! line con 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 ! ! end R2 ! version 12.3 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec no service password-encryption ! hostname R2 ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! ! no aaa new-model ip subnet-zero ! ! ! ip cef ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! interface Serial0/0 ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay ip ospf network broadcast serial restart-delay 0 frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 100 broadcast ! interface Serial0/1 no ip address shutdown serial restart-delay 0 ! interface Serial0/2 no ip address shutdown serial restart-delay 0 ! interface Serial0/3 no ip address shutdown serial restart-delay 0 ! interface FastEthernet1/0 ip address 192.168.201.2 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ! router ospf 1 log-adjacency-changes passive-interface default no passive-interface Serial0/0 network 192.168.1.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 network 192.168.201.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 ! ip http server ip classless ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! line con 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 ! ! end 2.5. サーバ側 ルーティング設定 Host OS route add 192.168.201.0 mask 255.255.255.0 192.168.200.1 Guest OS route add -net 192.168.200.0/24 gw 192.168.201.2 3. [検証] TCP header 圧縮 3.1. 設定投入 TCP10880のTCP headerを圧縮設定するをR1 s0/0に投入します。 R1(config)#ip access-list extended ACL_10880 R1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp any eq 10880 any R1(config-ext-nacl)#exit R1(config)# R1(config)# R1(config)#class-map CLASS_10880 R1(config-cmap)#match access-group name ACL_10880 R1(config-cmap)#exit R1(config)# R1(config)#policy-map POLICY_S00_OUT R1(config-pmap)#class CLASS_10880 R1(config-pmap-c)#compression header ip tcp R1(config-pmap-c)#exit R1(config-pmap)#exit R1(config)# R1(config)#interface Serial 0/0 R1(config-if)#service-policy output POLICY_S00_OUT R1(config-if)# 3.2. 設定確認 Guest OSで以下のwgetコマンドを実施し、HTTP通信を発生させます。 [root@localhost ~]# wget http //192.168.200.100 10880/large.html show policy-map interfaceコマンドによって設定を確認します。 HTTP通信がCLASS_10880にマッチしている事を確認します。但し、圧縮されたパケットは1つもありませんでした。検証に失敗した理由が分かり次第、このページを修正したいと思います。 R1#show policy-map interface Serial 0/0 Serial0/0 Service-policy output POLICY_S00_OUT Class-map CLASS_10880 (match-all) 26814 packets, 15210387 bytes 5 minute offered rate 329000 bps, drop rate 0 bps Match access-group name ACL_10880 compress header ip tcp TCP compression Sent 26797 total, 0 compressed, - 圧縮されたパケット数を確認できます。 0 bytes saved, 15099607 bytes sent 1.00 efficiency improvement factor 99% hit ratio, five minute miss rate 0 misses/sec, 0 max rate 326000 bps Class-map class-default (match-any) 330 packets, 16221 bytes 5 minute offered rate 0 bps, drop rate 0 bps Match any R1# 4. [検証] RTP header 圧縮 4.1. 設定投入 RTP headerを圧縮設定するをR1 s0/0に投入します。 R1(config)#class-map CLASS_RTP R1(config-cmap)#match protocol rtp audio R1(config-cmap)#exit R1(config)# R1(config)# R1(config)#policy-map POLICY_S00_OUT R1(config-pmap)#class CLASS_RTP R1(config-pmap-c)#compression header ip rtp R1(config-pmap-c)#^Z 4.2. 設定確認 show policy-map interfaceコマンドによって設定を確認します。 R1#show policy-map interface Serial 0/0 Serial0/0 Service-policy output POLICY_S00_OUT Class-map CLASS_10880 (match-all) 21 packets, 12456 bytes 5 minute offered rate 0 bps, drop rate 0 bps Match access-group name ACL_10880 compress header ip tcp TCP compression Sent 20 total, 0 compressed, 0 bytes saved, 12308 bytes sent 1.00 efficiency improvement factor 95% hit ratio, five minute miss rate 0 misses/sec, 0 max rate 0 bps Class-map CLASS_RTP (match-all) 0 packets, 0 bytes 5 minute offered rate 0 bps, drop rate 0 bps Match protocol rtp audio compress header ip rtp - RTP headerを圧縮する設定が投入されている事を確認します。 UDP/RTP compression Sent 0 total, 0 compressed, 0 bytes saved, 0 bytes sent rate 0 bps Class-map class-default (match-any) 72 packets, 3528 bytes 5 minute offered rate 0 bps, drop rate 0 bps Match any R1#
https://w.atwiki.jp/deadspace_3/pages/44.html
Compact Telemetry Spike Rivet Gun Rivet Gun 釘を発射するセミオートリベットガン。 プラズマカッターより僅かに威力が高く、ファイアレートと装弾数の多さに優れる。 Compact Frameの武器ではダントツに総火力が高く、弾薬効率がいいのが特徴。 点照準が苦でなければこちらを使うのがお勧め。 専用のLowerパーツを付けることで使えるセカンダリは、Extraction仕様ではなく2の物である。 プライマリ射撃後にセカンダリを使うことで最後に撃った弾丸から跳弾及び電撃を放射する。 Electrocution Moduleを使えるプライマリとしては、最も燃費が良く使いやすいのでこれをメインにした戦術を組み立てるのも有り。 Frame Tool + Tip Compact Frame + Telemetry Spike + Default Tip Range Mid Accuracy Medium DMG ■■■■■■■■ RLD ■■■■■■■■■■■■■ CLP ■■■■■■■■■■■■■ SPD ■■■■■■■■■■ Electrocution Module Upper時のみLowerに装着可。 プライマリを撃った後に、その撃った弾から一定時間電撃を放射する。 電撃は持続的な範囲攻撃で、プレイヤーが電撃の範囲にいても感電しないので安全かつ強力。 武器ステータスは表示されないが、威力はトップクラスに高く、弾数消費もプラズマカッター1発と同じという破格の使いやすさを誇る。 アップグレードで威力を最大まで上げれば難易度インポッシブルのAlien Necromorphが2回の電撃で絶命するレベルにまで強くなる。 これは同じく威力を最大まで上げたSeeker RifleやContact Beamに匹敵する威力。 もちろんその他の敵は例外なく一撃死である。 アタッチメントのExplosion Amplifierで電撃の範囲をさらに広げることが可能なので、これを主軸にするなら是非付けたい。 Snow BeastやGuardian、Tentaclesと言った触手系、幻影世界のMakerやその他ダメージを与えて破壊する建造物には電撃の効果がなく、 崖登り及び下りの最中は発動すら出来ないのでそこだけはプライマリや他の武器で対処する必要がある。 Explosive Module Upper時のみLowerに装着可。 プライマリを撃った後に、その撃った弾を爆発させ跳弾させる。 跳弾そのものに当たり判定は無く、最後に撃った杭から一定範囲内の敵全てにダメージを与える仕様となっている。 爆発より多少範囲が狭いものの、威力は同等以上に高い。 しかしながら威力、燃費、攻撃範囲と何から何までElectrocution Moduleに大きく劣るので拘りが無い限りは使う必要が無いModule。 一応前作品のRivet Gunのセカンダリがこれに当たるので縛りやロールプレイしたい方は。 Co-opでExplosive Moduleの跳弾をばら撒いたらセーフティーガードがついてても味方に当たりました。威力はそこまで無いようですが、やはり跳弾そのものにも当たり判定はあるのではないでしょうか？ - 名無しさん 2014-07-12 06 42 07 Electrocution Modulewo - 名無しさん 2018-02-04 18 27 47 Electrocution Moduleを手に入れてからはほぼこれだけでいける。強武器 - 名無しさん 2018-02-04 18 27 58 イージーシューターの自分でも使ったら負けと思ってしまうくらい強い。欠点はゼロ距離奇襲されると電撃が間に合わないことがあるのでお供にフォースガン、グレラン、ボーラカッターがおすすめ。 - 名無しさん (2021-01-16 12 14 26) 名前
https://w.atwiki.jp/dissertacao/pages/52.html
■News for the ‘1. Cultura é poder’ Category ■Origens e dimensões da palavra Cultura Raymond Williams, autor de Palavras-chave (2007), considera a palavra culture como uma das duas ou três mais complicadas da língua inglesa, devido ao seu complexo percurso etimológico. Em sua acepção mais longínqua, a matriz latina colere trazia o significado de cultivar, habitar, proteger e honrar com veneração. Desse radical, podemos reconhecer pelo menos dois desdobramentos colonus, que traz a idéia de habitação e cultus, que nos remete a “cultivo ou cuidado”, bem como seus significados medievais subsidiários “honra, adoração”, já “convergidos pela radicalização do temor divino e da moral na sociedade – personificação do Senhor no feudo”. Mas também couture, no francês antigo, por exemplo, associados à “lavoura, cuidado com o crescimento natural”. Dos séculos XVI ao XVII, segundo Williams, o termo passou a significar, por analogia, o cuidado com o desenvolvimento humano e o cultivo das mentes, deixando de se tratar apenas da terra e dos animais. Desde já destacando uma distinção arbitrária entre os que têm cultura dos que não têm, o termo assume o caráter de civilidade. Com a expansão da Europa e seu conseqüente processo de dominação política e econômica, o poder de distinção entre o culto e o não-culto foi de grande valia para implementar e manter o colonialismo. A partir dos séculos XVIII e XIX, o conceito passa a ser utilizado para designar o próprio estágio civilizatório da humanidade. Johann Gottfried von Herder escreveu Sobre a filosofia da história para a educação da humanidade (1784-91) “Nada é mais indeterminado que essa palavra e nada mais enganoso que sua aplicação a todas as nações e a todos os períodos”. Argumentava que era necessário grifar culturas, no plural, pois elas são específicas e variáveis em diferentes nações e períodos, tanto quanto em relação a grupo sociais e econômicos dentro de uma nação. Para Williams, podemos reconhecer três categorias amplas e ativas de uso do termo o processo de desenvolvimento intelectual, espiritual e estético; a referência a um povo, um período, um grupo ou da humanidade em geral; as obras e as práticas da atividade intelectual, particularmente a artística, sendo este último o seu sentido mais difundido “cultura é música, literatura, pintura, escultura, teatro e cinema”. Já o pensador Edgar Morin atribui três dimensões interdependentes à palavra cultura a antropológica, ou “tudo aquilo que é construído socialmente e que os indivíduos aprendem”; a social e histórica, que pode ser entendida como o “conjunto de hábitos, costumes, crenças, idéias, valores, mitos que se perpetuam de geração em geração” e a relacionada às humanidades, que “abrange as artes, as letras e a filosofia”. Para Terry Eagleton, no indispensável A idéia de cultura (2002), as palavras civilização e cultura continuam até hoje a intercambiar-se em seu uso e significado, sobretudo por antropólogos “cultura é agora também quase o oposto de civilidade”. Eagleton (2002) considera curioso que o termo hoje se aplique mais à compreensão de formas de vida “selvagens” do que para civilizados. “Mas se ‘cultura’ pode descrever uma ordem social ‘primitiva’, também pode fornecer a alguém um modo de idealizar a sua própria. Tanto para definir algo de domínio próprio de um indivíduo (o conhecimento adquirido) quanto para o exercício de poder em relação a grupos sociais distintos (o culto e o não culto, o civilizado e o não civilizado), o termo é utilizado até hoje como definidor de um campo simbólico determinado, quase sempre para distinguir ou identificar. Ações e políticas culturais, constituídas nos campos público e privado, exercem, inevitavelmente, esse domínio. Como provedor de acesso a conteúdos, processos e dinâmicas, aguça o espírito crítico e permite a apropriação, o empoderamento e o protagonismo do cidadão. Por outro lado, a cultura adquire, cada vez mais, sua corporificação como ente econômico e instrumento de lazer e entretenimento. Manuseadas por sociedades contaminadas por um modo de pensar linear e cartesiano, condicionadas a analisar todos os fenômenos por uma correlação de causa-efeito, deixa de ser essa matéria que significa e transforma as relações, para ser mera atividade econômica, estratégica por sua grande capacidade de gerar recursos, postos de trabalho e economia de escala, por meio de exploração de propriedade intelectual. Uma fórmula que exige difusão em massa para ser economicamente eficaz. E conteúdos de fácil assimilação, para ampliar sua capacidade de inserção mercadológica. Essa fórmula geralmente exclui diálogos mais profundos e complexos, desconectando-se de suas raízes culturais e das dinâmicas locais. Com formatos cada vez mais repetitivos e pasteurizados, são mais afeitas a uma cultura homogênea, linear, uníssona, voltada ao consumo. A falta de dispositivos claros e efetivos para lidar com esse campo simbólico é uma das mais graves doenças das sociedades contemporâneas. ■News for the ‘2. O poder da sociedade’ Category ■Sincretismos Mesmo após o fim da escravidão e o Estado laico-republicano, o negro vivia – e vive de certa forma até hoje – sob a condição tácita de comungar do credo católico. E aprendeu, assim como todo brasileiro mestiço, a acender uma vela para o santo e outra para o orixá. Ou ainda, no sincretismo mais clássico, a acender uma única vela para um santo-orixá, com características próprias de duas matrizes, com lógicas e dinâmicas completamente diversas, quando não antagônicas entre si. Essa capacidade própria do brasileiro, mas também presente em outras sociedades, é um poderoso antídoto contra os efeitos malignos da globalização. A capacidade de absorção e re-processamento de práticas, modos e crenças permite, por um lado, o esvaziamento das barreiras internas contra o avanço da camaleônica cultura do consumo, e, de outro, a possibilidade de avanço e diálogo com as outras formas de interação, convivência e expressão presentes na arena global. O que pode significar a abertura de mercados para as indústrias culturais brasileiras. Celebrar o sincretismo e a mestiçagem como um traço inerente e potencializador da cultura brasileira é questão de preservação e promoção da memória e das tradições. Um exemplo recente disso é o movimento Mangue-beat em Pernambuco. Ferozmente combatido pelos defensores da cultura tradicional e do maracatu, pois buscava elementos de raiz para dialogar com o pop e com a indústria cultural, o movimento só fez valorizar as tradições e as comunidades que praticam o maracatu rural, colocando, por exemplo, a cidade de Nazaré da Mata (PE) no mapa da música contemporânea universal. Tropicália, bossa-nova e muitos outros movimentos culturais brasileiros nascidos na indústria do entretenimento, partem desse jeito brasileiro de ativar e dialogar com o outro, a partir da valorização do seu próprio referencial simbólico. Mas como permitir o desenvolvimento artístico e o acesso a esses mercados a uma camada da população distante do Estado e dos meios de comunicação? ■Do-in antropológico Reconhecer e valorizar as diversas formas de manifestação cultural do Brasil. Essa é a função da proposta apresentada por Gilberto Gil em seu discurso de posse, em 2003, como titular da pasta da Cultura. Por analogia à tradição milenar chinesa, que reconhece e massageia pontos energéticos em benefício do bem estar do corpo e da mente, o ministro cunhou uma tradução que representa a complexidade da função política da cultura. Fortemente inspirado nas proposições de Marilena Chauí e nos recém-publicados documentos da UNESCO, sobretudo sobre diversidade cultural e patrimônio imaterial, o do-in antropológico consiste em universalizar os serviços culturais, com a presença de centros culturais, bibliotecas e telecentros em todo o país, a começar pelas regiões mais pobres e distantes; valorizar e dar autonomia para as diversas formas de manifestação cultural existentes no país, não somente as institucionalizadas e consagradas pela elite e a indústria cultural; buscar novas possibilidades de interlocução e diálogo com outras instâncias da sociedade, por meio de inserção econômica e desenvolvimento local. O do-in antropológico prepara ambientes favoráveis à interação de agentes culturais; o fomento à pesquisa e aos processos criativos; a atuação e a viabilização das expressões culturais, sua difusão, acesso, participação e articulação entre todas as esferas da sociedade. Esse conjunto de fatores busca gerar um círculo virtuoso que garanta o denvolvimento e a participação de toda a população nessa dinâmica. Para realizar essas ações, o ministro modificou a estrutura do seu cabedal administrativo, criando secretarias para desenvolver políticas, programas e articulação, além de valorizar o patrimônio, o audiovisual e a diversidade. O programa Cultura Viva, desenvolvido nesse contexto, visa formar uma rede nacional dessas iniciativas, e é, sem dúvida, a sua melhor tradução programática, embora também esteja presente em editais e prêmios de valorização de mestres de cultura popular e de manifestações culturais de pouca projeção na cultura institucionalizada. Como responsabilidade de cada cidadão em relação à cultura, o do-in antropológico pode ir muito além. A localização desses pontos de convergência, miscigenação e transmutação de realidades é fruto não somente da presença do Estado. Deve ser um desafio compartilhado por toda a sociedade em preservar e promover a Diversidade Cultural. ■Diversidade Cultural A recém-promulgada Convenção sobre a proteção e a promoção da diversidade das expressões culturais no âmbito da UNESCO é a consolidação de uma luta histórica contra a homogeneização cultural promovida por um oligopólio formado por estúdios de Hollywood e seus grupos empresariais, que reúnem conglomerados de mídia e fabricantes de equipamentos eletrônicos. Financiados por outros cartéis, como a indústria financeira, tabagista e alcooleira, essa cultura de consumo favorece setores, sobretudo o mercado do luxo e da celebridade. Encampado por organizações socioculturais, produtores independentes organizados em coalizões e redes por todo mundo, o movimento encontrou abrigo em países como a França, Canadá, Suécia e Brasil, que sentem os efeitos do estrangulamento cada vez mais visível de suas culturas locais, com o domínio dos meios de comunicação e difusão cultural nas mãos desses conglomerados multinacionais. A Convenção consolida outras pautas urgentes das sociedades contemporâneas, como a cultura de paz e o respeito das diferenças culturais, a sobrevivência das culturas autóctones, suas formas de vida, fazeres, economias e línguas, em oposição a um projeto global único, que pretende incluir todos os habitantes economicamente ativos do planeta, com metas de crescimento cada vez mais elevadas. Nesse cenário, torna-se urgente a composição de um cenário positivo e fértil para tratar do assunto, como uma das grandes pautas sociais do novo milênio, oferecendo subsídios concretos para apropriação de um glossário fundamental para a construção e consolidação de democracias multiculturais. Seu valor simbólico no âmbito da UNESCO pode ser medido pela votação para a promulgação da Convenção, em 2005. Com 151 votos a favor e apenas 2 contra (Estados Unidos e Israel), associou-se de maneira definitiva como peça de resistência ao imperialismo norte-americano e sua irresponsabilidade bélica e midiática. O documento passou a ser utilizado pelos diversos organismos e segmentos em busca de maior equidade nas trocas internacionais, assim como nos países-membros, que ratificaram a Convenção em sua legislação interna. O Brasil o fez em dezembro de 2006. Isso significa um compromisso do país com o estabelecimento de políticas concretas de preservação e promoção da diversidade. Traduzido para as políticas internas pelo então Ministro da Cultura, Gilberto Gil, como do-in antropológico, essas políticas visavam massagear as dinâmicas culturais já existentes por todos os pontos de ressonância do país. Para efetivar uma plataforma pública, abrangente e democrática, é preciso praticar o do-in antropológico, auto- massageando o corpo cultural, celebrar a diversidade, promover o sincretismo, estimular a auto-representação, valorizar as identidades, participar da Cidadania Cultural e garantir os direitos culturais a todos os cidadãos. Não podemos, no entanto, enxergar como uma receita fechada, mas considerá-la uma sistematização prática de elementos emergentes da nossa realidade cultural. Como um plano propositivo para visualizarmos novos efeitos de mundo, baseados em resultados consistentes e processos enriquecedores para a sociedade brasileira. ■
https://w.atwiki.jp/feenal/pages/149.html
Elitist Jerksの訳。 タレント 3/7/31。 取ろうと思えばJinxも取れるんだけど、失うものが大きすぎるので推奨はできない。 Glyph ・Prime Conflagrate/Immolate/Imp。 ・Major LifeTap 後は好み。無難なところでSoul Link/Fearあたりを推奨。 ステータス Intellect 1 Int = 1 Spellpower + 0.00154% crit + 17.53 mana。 全スペルが等しく大きな影響を受ける、最良のステータス。 Hit Rating 102.45 hit rating = 1% hit。 今まで通り、Capまで最重要、Cap後不要。 Capに必要なRatingは1742とWotLKと比較して格段に増えてしまったので、Lv85到達後のPre Raid環境ではHit + 何かの装備を優先して集め、 Hitのついてない装備やTrinketに付いているステータスをHitにリフォージしていかないと達成困難。 Haste Rating 128.05 Haste Rating = 1% Haste。 別ソースからのヘイストは掛け算で計算され、Global Cooldownは1秒を切ることがない。 ヘイスト適用後の詠唱時間は次の式で求めることができる。 適用後の詠唱時間 = 基本詠唱時間 / (*1) * (Improved Soulfire)1.15 * (5% Haste Buff)1.05 * (Dark Intentの数だけ)1.03) DotについてはAdvance Hasteの項目で解説する。 Critical Strike Rating 179.28 Crit Rating = 1% Crit。 Chaotic Shadowspirit DiamondのMeta Gemをはめている場合、クリティカルダメージは2.06倍となる。 また、4.0.1より全てのDoTは普通にクリティカルヒットするようになっている。 Mastery Rating 179.28 Mastery Rating = 与ファイアダメージ + 1.25%。 DestlockのDPSの9割方はファイアダメージであり、Mastery自体はそこまで悪いものではない。 しかし、RatingあたりのDPS上昇率は他と比べると低く、強力なGearが導入されるまでは、HasteやCriticalよりも優先度は低い。 Stat Priorities 正確なステータスの優先度を調べるためには、Simulationcraftを用いてキャラクターの現在のステータスを元に 正確な結果を出すべきではあるが、ここでは大抵の状況における優先度を示す。 Pre Raid環境（ilvl333-346) Int Hit (to cap) Crit = Haste Mastery Normal～Heroic Raid環境 Int Hit (to cap) Crit Haste Mastery 装備が良くなってくると、CritはHasteよりも効果が高くなる。 HasteがCritを更に上回る瞬間は、Buffedの状態で50%Hasteを達成できる時となる(後述)。 そしてもしもHasteが50%に到達したならば、以降はMasteryがHasteよりも高い評価になる。 Reforge Reforging 以下のルールに則ってリフォージを行っていく。 Are you hit capped? Yes Reforge any extra hit to crit where possible. No Reforge mastery/haste to hit. Does it have crit on it? Yes Goto the next rule. No Reforge mastery/haste to crit, leave hit has it is. Reforge mastery to haste if the above has been done. Again, these rules may be different depending on you actual gear setup. As mentioned above, if your are able to reach the 50% haste threashold through reforging, then doing so will be much more beneficial. See the Advanced Haste section of this guide for more information. [top]Gemming Meta [Chaotic Shadowspirit Diamond] Red [Brilliant Inferno Ruby] Yellow [Potent Ember Topaz] or [Potent Ember Topaz] Blue [Veiled Demonseye] EDIT Because people seem to like bringing it up - Yes, I can see what the Chaotic meta currently requires. This post is meant to be a long term guide, and as such, I have assumed people were aware that Blizzard has stated it is reverting the meta back to it s previous requirements. Until this happens, using an [Ember Shadowspirit Diamond] would be more beneficial. When to ignore the socket bonus First and foremost you must have 2 [Veiled Demonseye] s somewhere in your gear for you to fill your meta requirement (2 [Potent Ember Topaz] or [Potent Ember Topaz] if you are using [Ember Shadowspirit Diamond]. As a general rule of thumb if the socket bonus is less than 20 of any DPS stat, then it would be better to ignore the bonus and gem [Brilliant Inferno Ruby]. However, to be more accurate you would need to find the relevant scale factors for your individual gear setup (Using Simulationcraft or the Warlock Spreadsheet) and multiply those scale factors by the stats you would gain with either gem. [top]Set Bonuses Shadowflame Regalia - Item Set - World of Warcraft The 2pc bonus is mediocre, however, the itemization of the T11 Shoulders and Legs makes then BiS, so you will be getting this bonus anyway. The 4pc bonus provides very little dps gain, there are better off-pieces that can be obtained and I would not worry about aiming to get this bonus. [top]Trinkets To be completed. Discussion welcome. [top]Enchants Slot Enchant Comments Head 60 Int/35 crit [Arcanum of Hyjal] - Guardians of Hyjal revered Shoulders 50Int/25 haste [Greater Inscription of Charged Lodestone] - Therazane exalted Back 50 Int [Enchant Cloak - Greater Intellect] Chest 20 stats [Enchant Chest - Peerless Stats] Wrists 65 haste [Enchant Bracer - Greater Speed] or [Enchant Bracer - Greater Critical Strike] Gloves 50 haste [Enchant Gloves - Haste] Legs 95 Int/80 Stam [Powerful Enchanted Spellthread] Boots Run speed/35 mastery [Enchant Boots - Lavawalker] Belt Extra socket [Ebonsteel Belt Buckle] Weapon 500 Int Proc [Enchant Weapon - Power Torrent] Offhand 100 Int [Enchant Off-Hand - Superior Intellect] [top]Professions Engineering Since patch 4.0.1, tinkers now stack with normal enchants. Synapse Springs tinker to gloves provides 480 Int for 12 seconds with a 60 second CD. This averages to a 96 Int bonus. Engineering also provides further perks such as [Flexweave Underlay]. [Nitro Boosts] and Grounded Plasma Shield have a chance to fail and cause serious averse effects, and are not reliable in a raid. Leatherworking 130 Int to bracers in place of 65 haste or crit, giving an estimated 100 Int bonus. Jewelcrafting 3 [Brilliant Chimera s Eye] in place of [Brilliant Inferno Ruby] gives 81 Int. Blacksmithing Extra sockets into wrists and gloves provides 2 additional Brilliant Inferno Ruby s, providing an 80 Int bonus. Alchemy Mixology, combined with [Flask of the Draconic Mind] provides an 80 Int bonus. Enchanting 40 Int to each ring provides an 80 Int bonus. Inscription 130 Int/25 haste shoulder enchant is an 80 Int bonus over the regular enchant. Tailoring Lightweave Embroidery gives 580 Int for 15 seconds on a 45 second ICD. This averages to 193.3 Int, which replaces the normal 50 Int enchant, providing only a 143.3 Int bonus. Tailoring currently gives the greatest DPS increase of all the professions. Herbalism Lifeblood is now a DPS cooldown providing 480 haste for 20 seconds on a 2 minute CD. This averages to an 80 haste bonus. Skinning 80 crit. Mining Stam, useless from a DPS perspective. [top]Consumables Flask [Flask of the Draconic Mind] or a [Cauldron of Battle] Food [Severed Sagefish Head] / [Recipe Seafood Magnifique Feast] Potion [Volcanic Potion] (Pre-pot and use during bloodlust/heroism) [top]Advanced [top]Haste With patch 4.0.1 the way DoTs work has changed. In addition to all DoTs now benefiting from haste innately, haste now reduces the time between ticks, only reducing the DoTs duration until an extra tick is received. This is important for us, as it means we now start to have haste "thresholds" that we should be trying to achieve in order to gain extra ticks on our DoTs. This becomes even more important to Destruction Warlocks, due to the way Conflagrate interacts with the overall damage Immolate does. This applies to all of our DoTs except BoD, however, the haste required to achieve this extra tick will differ between DoTs. To calculate the required haste to achieve an additional tick, we would need to calculate the time between ticks, specific to 3 decimal places. Tick.Speed.Required = (Base.Frequency * Base.Tick.Speed) / (No.of.Ticks - 0.5) Where No.Of.Ticks is the number of ticks you would like to achieve. For example, if we wanted to apply this to Immolate (5 sec Base Frequency, 3 sec Base Tick Speed), wanting to achieve 2 additional tick (7), we would do the following Tick.Speed.Required = (5 * 3) / (7 - 0.5) = 2.307 seconds From here, we can calculate the percentage of haste required to achieve this tick speed, using the following formula Haste.Percent = (Base.Tick.Duration / (Tick.Speed.Required + 0.00049999)) - 1 = 0.30010835 So what haste rating should you be aiming for? Well, Immolate gains extra ticks at 9.99908%, 30.00108%, 49.9625% etc. So to determine the haste required in a raid situation, with all raid buffs including Improved Soul Fire and Dark Intent, we will use this formula Haste.Rating = (((Haste.Percent / Imp.SF / 5%.Aura / Dark.Intent) - 1) * 12805.701 For example, the haste required to gain 2 addition ticks (30% haste) is as follows Haste.Rating = (((1.3001 / 1.15 / 1.05 / 1.03) - 1) * 12805.701 = 580.53 rating, rounding up to 581 rating. Therefore, the haste thresholds are (raid buffed) Extra Ticks % Rating Goblin 1 10% 0 (already achieved through buffs) 0 2 30% 581 448 3 50% 2635 2482 4 70% 4700 4527 Therefore 2635 haste rating (2482 for Goblins) from gear is what you should be aiming for in this tier. This does not only provide Immolate with an additional tick, but also brings us to a 1 sec GCD. A full spreadsheet of haste required for each DoT can be found here Warlock DoT Haste Calculations - Thanks to Keldion for this spreadsheet. [top]Spell Rotations [top]Spell Priority * Improved Soul Fire (Keep this buff up!) * Demon Soul * Immolate * Conflagrate * Bane of Doom * Corruption * Shadowflame * Chaos Bolt * Incinerate Basically, you should always open with Soul Fire, generally an instant cast through Soul Burn, and continue to keep the buff up as much as possible, this includes hard casting it. In addition using Demon Soul on cooldown is important, preferably with on "Use" trinkets. After that it is simply a case of keeping Immolate, Corruption and Bane of Doom up as much as possible, while using Conflagrate and Chaos Bolt on cooldown. If safe, using Shadowflame while in melee range will provide a DPS increase, however it is not worth going "out of your way" to do this, running a long distance into melee range would be a DPS loss. If all of the above is done, revert to Incinerate. Note If no one else in your raid group is providing the 5% crit debuff, then a Shadow Bolt every 30 seconds to apply the "Shadow and Flame" debuff would be beneficial to your personal DPS.
https://w.atwiki.jp/sorathewaterbearer/pages/173.html
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https://w.atwiki.jp/usb_audio/pages/37.html
原文：Audio Device Document 1.0(PDF) USB Device Class Definition for Audio Devices Release 1.0 March 18, 1998 41 The bNrInPins field contains the number of Input Pins (p) of the Mixer Unit. This evidently equals the number of audio channel clusters that enter the Mixer Unit. The connectivity of the Input Pins is described via the baSourceID() array, containing p elements. The index i into the array is one-based and directly related to the Input Pin numbers. BaSourceID(i) contains the ID of the Unit or Terminal to which Input Pin i is connected. The cluster descriptors, describing the logical channels entering the Mixer Unit are not repeated here. It is up to the Host software to trace the connections ‘upstream’ to locate the cluster descriptors pertaining to the audio channel clusters. As mentioned before, every input channel can virtually be mixed into all of the output channels. If n is thetotal number of logical input channels, contained in all the audio channel clusters that are entering the Mixer Unit ここに式 and m is the number of logical output channels, then there are n x m mixing Controls in the Mixer Unit, some of which may not be programmable. cite(Note) Both n and m must be limited to 254. Because a Mixer Unit can redefine the spatial locations of the logical output channels, contained in its output cluster, there is a need for a Mixer output cluster descriptor. The bNrChannels, wChannelConfig and iChannelNames characterize the cluster that leaves the Mixer Unit over the single Output Pin (‘downstream’ connection). For a detailed description of the cluster descriptor, see Section 3.7.2.3, “Audio Channel Cluster Format.” The Mixer Unit Descriptor reports which Controls are programmable in the bmControls bitmap field. This bitmap must be interpreted as a two-dimensional bit array that has a row for each logical input channel and a column for each logical output channel. If a bit at position [u, v] is set, this means that the Mixer Unit contains a programmable mixing Control that connects input channel u to output channel v. If bit [u, v] is clear, this indicates that the connection between input channel u and output channel v is non-programmable. Its fixed value can be retrieved through the appropriate request. The valid range for u is from one to n. The valid range for v is from one to m. The bmControls field stores the bit array row after row where the MSb of the first byte corresponds to the connection between input channel 1 and output channel 1. If (n x m) is not an integer multiple of 8, the bit array is padded with zeros until an integer number of bytes is occupied. The number of bytes used to store the bit array, N, can be calculated as follows IF ((n x m) MOD 8) 0 THEN N = ((n x m) DIV 8) + 1 ELSE N = ((n x m) DIV 8) An index to a string descriptor is provided to further describe the Mixer Unit. The following table details the structure of the Mixer Unit descriptor. Table 4-5 Mixer Unit Descriptor Offset Field Size Value Description 0 bLength 1 Number Size of this descriptor, in bytes 10+p+N 1 bDescriptorType 1 Constant CS_INTERFACE descriptor type. 2 bDescriptorSubtype 1 Constant MIXER_UNIT descriptor subtype. USB Device Class Definition for Audio Devices Release 1.0 March 18, 1998 42 Offset Field Size Value Description 3 bUnitID 1 Number Constant uniquely identifying the Unit within the audio function. This value is used in all requests to address this Unit. 4 bNrInPins 1 Number Number of Input Pins of this Unit p 5 baSourceID(1) 1 Number ID of the Unit or Terminal to which the first Input Pin of this Mixer Unit is connected. … … … … … 5+(p-1) baSourceID (p) 1 Number ID of the Unit or Terminal to which the last Input Pin of this Mixer Unit is connected. 5+p bNrChannels 1 Number Number of logical output channels in the Mixer’s output audio channel cluster. 6+p wChannelConfig 2 Bitmap Describes the spatial location of the logical channels. 8+p iChannelNames 1 Index Index of a string descriptor, describing the name of the first logical channel. 9+p bmControls N Number Bit map indicating which mixing Controls are programmable. 9+p+N iMixer 1 Index Index of a string descriptor, describing the Mixer Unit. 4.3.2.4 Selector Unit Descriptor The Selector Unit is uniquely identified by the value in the bUnitID field of the Selector Unit descriptor (SUD). No other Unit or Terminal within the same alternate setting of the AudioControl interface may have the same ID. This value must be passed in the UnitID field of each request that is directed to the Selector Unit. The bNrInPins field contains the number of Input Pins (p) of the Selector Unit. The connectivity of the Input Pins is described via the baSourceID() array that contains p elements. The index i into the array is one-based and directly related to the Input Pin numbers. BaSourceID(i) contains the ID of the Unit or Terminal to which Input Pin i is connected. The cluster descriptors, describing the logical channels that enter the Selector Unit are not repeated here. In order for a Selector Unit to be legally connected, all of the audio channel clusters that enter the Selector Unit must have the same number of channels. However, the spatial locations of these channels may vary from cluster to cluster. Therefore, the Host software should trace all Input Pins to find their ‘upstream’ connection to locate the cluster descriptors for all the Input Pins that enter the Selector Unit. This further implies that the cluster descriptor, associated with the Output Pin of the Selector Unit can change dynamically, depending on the currently selected position of the Selector Unit. An index to a string descriptor is provided to further describe the Selector Unit. The following table details the structure of the Selector Unit descriptor. USB Device Class Definition for Audio Devices Release 1.0 March 18, 1998 43 Table 4-6 Selector Unit Descriptor Offset Field Size Value Description 0 bLength 1 Number Size of this descriptor, in bytes 6+p 1 bDescriptorType 1 Constant CS_INTERFACE descriptor type. 2 bDescriptorSubtype 1 Constant SELECTOR_UNIT descriptor subtype. 3 bUnitID 1 Number Constant uniquely identifying the Unit within the audio function. This value is used in all requests to address this Unit. 4 bNrInPins 1 Number Number of Input Pins of this Unit p 5 baSourceID(1) 1 Number ID of the Unit or Terminal to which the first Input Pin of this Selector Unit is connected. … … … … … 5+(p-1) baSourceID (p) 1 Number ID of the Unit or Terminal to which the last Input Pin of this Selector Unit is connected. 5+p iSelector 1 Index Index of a string descriptor, describing the Selector Unit. 4.3.2.5 Feature Unit Descriptor The Feature Unit is uniquely identified by the value in the bUnitID field of the Feature Unit descriptor (FUD). No other Unit or Terminal within the same alternate setting of the AudioControl interface may have the same ID. This value must be passed in the UnitID field of each request that is directed to the Feature Unit. The bSourceID field is used to describe the connectivity for this Feature Unit. It contains the ID of the Unit or Terminal to which this Feature Unit is connected via its Input Pin. The cluster descriptor, describing the logical channels entering the Feature Unit is not repeated here. It is up to the Host software to trace the connection ‘upstream’ to locate the cluster descriptor pertaining to this audio channel cluster. The bmaControls() array is an array of bit-maps, each indicating the availability of certain audio Controls for a specific logical channel or for the master channel 0. For future expandability, the number of bytes occupied by each element (n) of the bmaControls() array is indicated in the bControlSize field. The number of logical channels in the cluster is denoted by ch. An index to a string descriptor is provided to further describe the Feature Unit. The layout of the Feature Unit descriptor is detailed in the following table. Table 4-7 Feature Unit Descriptor Offset Field Size Value Description 0 bLength 1 Number Size of this descriptor, in bytes 7+(ch+1)*n USB Device Class Definition for Audio Devices Release 1.0 March 18, 1998 44 Offset Field Size Value Description 1 bDescriptorType 1 Constant CS_INTERFACE descriptor type. 2 bDescriptorSubtype 1 Constant FEATURE_UNIT descriptor subtype. 3 bUnitID 1 Number Constant uniquely identifying the Unit within the audio function. This value is used in all requests to address this Unit. 4 bSourceID 1 Constant ID of the Unit or Terminal to which this Feature Unit is connected. 5 bControlSize 1 Number Size in bytes of an element of the bmaControls() array n 6 bmaControls(0) n Bitmap A bit set to 1 indicates that the mentioned Control is supported for master channel 0 D0 MuteD1 VolumeD2 BassD3 MidD4 TrebleD5 Graphic EqualizerD6 Automatic GainD7 DelayD8 Bass BoostD9 LoudnessD10..(n*8-1) Reserved 6+n bmaControls(1) n Bitmap A bit set to 1 indicates that the mentioned Control is supported for logical channel 1. … … … … … 6+(ch*n) bmaControls(ch) n Bitmap A bit set to 1 indicates that the mentioned Control is supported for logical channel ch. 6+(ch+1)*n iFeature 1 Index Index of a string descriptor, describing this Feature Unit. 4.3.2.6 Processing Unit Descriptor The Processing Unit is uniquely identified by the value in the bUnitID field of the Processing Unit descriptor (PUD). No other Unit or Terminal within the same alternate setting of the AudioControl interface may have the same ID. This value must be passed in the UnitID field of each request that is directed to the Processing Unit. The wProcessType field contains a value that fully identifies the Processing Unit. For a list of all supported Processing Unit Types, see Section A.7, “Processing Unit Process Types.” The bNrInPins field contains the number of Input Pins (p) of the Processing Unit. The connectivity of the Input Pins is described via the baSourceID() array that contains p elements. The index i into the array is one-based and directly related to the Input Pin numbers. BaSourceID(i) contains the ID of the Unit or USB Device Class Definition for Audio Devices Release 1.0 March 18, 1998 45 Terminal to which Input Pin i is connected. The cluster descriptors, describing the logical channels entering the Processing Unit are not repeated here. It is up to the Host software to trace the connections ‘upstream’ to locate the cluster descriptors pertaining to the audio channel clusters. Because a Processing Unit can freely redefine the spatial locations of the logical output channels, contained in its output cluster, there is a need for an output cluster descriptor. The bNrChannels, wChannelConfig, and iChannelNames fields characterize the cluster that leaves the Processing Unit over the single Output Pin (‘downstream’ connection). For a detailed description of the cluster descriptor, see Section 3.7.2.3, “Audio Channel Cluster Format.” The bmControls field is a bitmap, indicating the availability of certain audio Controls in the Processing Unit. For future expandability, the number of bytes occupied by the bmControls field is indicated in the bControlSize field. In general, all Controls are optional. However, some Processing Types may define certain Controls as mandatory. In such a case, the appropriate bit in the bmControls field must be set to one. The meaning of the bits in the bmControls field is qualified by the wProcessType field. However, bit D0 always represents the Enable Processing Control for all Processing Unit Types. The Enable Processing Control is used to bypass the entire functionality of the Processing Unit. Default behavior is assumed when set to off. In case of a single Input Pin, logical channels entering the Unit are passed unaltered for those channels that are also present in the output cluster. Logical channels not available in the output cluster are absorbed by the Processing Unit. Logical channels present in the output cluster but unavailable in the input cluster are muted. In case of multiple Input Pins, corresponding logical input channels are equally mixed together before being passed to the output. If the Enable Processing Control is present in a Processing Unit, bit D0 must be set to one. Otherwise, it is set to zero, indicating that the Processing Unit cannot be bypassed. An index to a string descriptor is provided to further describe the Processing Unit. The previous fields are common to all Processing Units. However, depending on the value in the wProcessType field, a process-specific part is added to the descriptor. The following paragraphs describe these process-specific parts. The following table outlines the common part of the Processing Unit descriptor. Table 4-8 Common Part of the Processing Unit Descriptor Offset Field Size Value Description 0 bLength 1 Number Size of this descriptor, in bytes 13+p+n+x 1 bDescriptorType 1 Constant CS_INTERFACE descriptor type. 2 bDescriptorSubtype 1 Constant PROCESSING_UNIT descriptor subtype. 3 bUnitID 1 Number Constant uniquely identifying the Unit within the audio function. This value is used in all requests to address this Unit. 4 wProcessType 2 Constant Constant identifying the type of processing this Unit is performing. 6 bNrInPins 1 Number Number of Input Pins of this Unit p 1 - 6 - 11 - 16 - 21 - 26 - 31 - 36 - 41 - 46 - 51 - 56 - 61 - 66 - 71 - 76 - 81 - 86 - 91 - 96 - 101 - 106 - 111 - 116 - 121 - 126 ここを編集
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It's quite dire, you see... the Catacombs outside of Sanctum was once a place I could commune my mystic energies with to survey the undead, however that oppertunity has long gone. There's a massive threat near us, and I just know it. Find the stray Sigil within the Catacombs and let it tether to your soul. With the Sigil re-attuned, it will help us find what threatens Sanctum... 目標：シジルを見つけて接続する 報酬：175Exp、75Crown カタコンベに行って、奥にあるシジルを見つけるクエスト。 カタコンベは聖域（拠点）の外、崖をジャンプで越えていった先にある。 中の敵は割と強いので、右クリックのガードおよびパリィを使う練習をしよう。
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1941-3084 Copyright © 2009 American Heart Association. All rights reserved. Print ISSN 1941-3149. Online ISSN Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 72514 Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology is published by the American Heart Association. 7272 DOI 10.1161/CIRCEP.108.816892 Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2009;2;495-503; originally published online August 2, 2009; Hideo Okamura and Hitonobu Tomoike Wataru Shimizu, Takashi Kurita, Kazuhiro Suyama, Takashi Noda, Kazuhiro Satomi, Naomasa Makita, Nobuhisa Hagiwara, Hiroshi Inoue, Hirotsugu Atarashi, Naohiko Aihara, Minoru Horie, Satoshi Ogawa, Ken Okumura, Kazufumi Tsuchihashi, Kaoru Sugi, Shiro Kamakura, Tohru Ohe, Kiyoshi Nakazawa, Yoshifusa Aizawa, Akihiko Shimizu, V3CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE Long-Term Prognosis of Probands With Brugada-Pattern ST-Elevation in Leads V1- http //circep.ahajournals.org/content/2/5/495.full on the World Wide Web at The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located http //www.lww.com/reprints Reprints Information about reprints can be found online at journalpermissions@lww.com 410-528-8550. E-mail Health, 351 West Camden Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-2436. Phone 410-528-4050. Fax Permissions Permissions Rights Desk, Lippincott Williams Wilkins, a division of Wolters Kluwer http //circep.ahajournals.org/site/subscriptions/ at Subscriptions Information about subscribing to Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology is online Downloaded from circep.ahajournals.org at Fukuoka Red Cross Hospital on June 11, 2013 Long-Term Prognosis of Probands With Brugada-Pattern ST-Elevation in Leads V1–V3 Shiro Kamakura, MD, PhD; Tohru Ohe, MD, PhD; Kiyoshi Nakazawa, MD, PhD; Yoshifusa Aizawa, MD, PhD; Akihiko Shimizu, MD, PhD; Minoru Horie, MD, PhD; Satoshi Ogawa, MD, PhD; Ken Okumura, MD, PhD; Kazufumi Tsuchihashi, MD, PhD; Kaoru Sugi, MD, PhD; Naomasa Makita, MD, PhD; Nobuhisa Hagiwara, MD, PhD; Hiroshi Inoue, MD, PhD; Hirotsugu Atarashi, MD, PhD; Naohiko Aihara, MD; Wataru Shimizu, MD, PhD; Takashi Kurita, MD, PhD; Kazuhiro Suyama, MD, PhD; Takashi Noda, MD, PhD; Kazuhiro Satomi, MD, PhD; Hideo Okamura, MD; Hitonobu Tomoike, MD, PhD; for the Brugada Syndrome Investigators in Japan Background—The prognosis of patients with saddleback or noncoved type (non–type 1) ST-elevation in Brugada syndrome is unknown. The purpose of this study was to clarify the long-term prognosis of probands with non–type 1 ECG and those with coved (type 1) Brugada-pattern ECG. Methods and Results—A total of 330 (123 symptomatic, 207 asymptomatic) probands with a coved or saddleback ST-elevation 1 mm in leads V1–V3 were divided into 2 ECG groups—type 1 (245 probands) and non–type 1 (85 probands)—and were prospectively followed for 48.715.0 months. The absence of type 1 ECG was confirmed by drug provocation test and multiple recordings. The ratio of individuals with a family history of sudden cardiac death (14%) was lower than previous studies. Clinical profiles and outcomes were not notably different between the 2 groups (annual arrhythmic event rate of probands with ventricular fibrillation; type 1 10.2%, non–type 1 10.6%, probands with syncope; type 1 0.6%, non–type 1 1.2%, and asymptomatic probands; type 1 0.5%, non–type 1 0%). Family history of sudden cardiac death at age45 years and coexistence of inferolateral early repolarization with Brugada-pattern ECG were independent predictors of fatal arrhythmic events (hazard ratio, 3.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.42 to 7.60; P0.005; hazard ratio, 2.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 6.71; P0.03, respectively, by multivariate analysis), although spontaneous type 1 ECG and ventricular fibrillation inducibility by electrophysiological study were not reliable parameters. Conclusions—The long-term prognosis of probands in non–type 1 group was similar to that of type 1 group. Family history of sudden cardiac death and the presence of early repolarization were predictors of poor outcome in this study, which included only probands with Brugada-pattern ST-elevation. (Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. 2009;2 495-503.) Key Words death, sudden prognosis follow-up studies electrocardiography Brugada syndrome Brugada syndrome is a hereditary arrhythmogenic disease characterized by ST-elevation in the right precordial lead of standard ECGs and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD).1 The prognosis for this condition and the management approaches have been reported in several multicenter studies of patients with the coved type 1 ECG. However, no prospective data have been reported in patients with saddleback type or noncoved Brugada-pattern STelevation before, because they were excluded from previous Clinical Perspective on p 503 studies as atypical Brugada patients showing a benign clinical course. Besides, the data from previous studies are all conflicting with regard to the prognosis of the typical Bru- Received August 22, 2008; accepted July 14, 2009. From the Division of Cardiology (S.K., N.A., W.S., T.K., K.S., T.N., K.S., H.O., H.T.), National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.O.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (K.N.), St Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan; the Division of Cardiology (Y.A.), Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; the Division of Cardiology (A.S.), Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; the Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine (S.O.), Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; the Second Department of Internal Medicine (K.O.), Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan; the Second Department of Internal Medicine (K.T.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.S.), Toho University Medical Center Ohashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.M.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (N.H.), Tokyo Women’s Medical University; the Second Department of Internal Medicine (H.I.), Toyama University, Toyama, Japan; and the Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tama-Nagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Correspondence to Shiro Kamakura, MD, PhD, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan. E-mail kamakura@hsp.ncvc.go.jp © 2009 American Heart Association, Inc. Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol is available at http //circep.ahajournals.org DOI 10.1161/CIRCEP.108.816892 Downloaded from circep.ahajournals.org at 4F9u5kuoka Red Cross Hospital on June 11, 2013 gada syndrome.2–5 This may be caused by cohort studies that included a significant number of family members other than probands, in which the prognosis of pedigree members can be affected by the disease severity of probands. Furthermore, a selection bias can be present if the data are analyzed retrospectively. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the long-term prognosis of probands with noncoved type ST-elevation in leads V1–V3, prospectively, and compared it with that of probands with the type 1 ST-elevation. Methods Patient Population A total of 330 individuals with spontaneous ST-elevation were registered consecutively in this study, namely, “a multicenter study for risk stratification and management in patients with Brugada syndrome.” The study was conducted at 26 institutions across Japan beginning in July 2001. These individuals were prospectively followed up for more than 12 months to the end of March 2007. Subjects were enrolled in this study if they met the following inclusion criteria (1) proband, (2) J-point (QRS-ST junction) amplitude of 0.1 mV (1 mm) with either coved or saddle back type ST-segment elevation in at least 2 of the 3 precordial leads (V1–V3) on resting standard 12-lead ECG, (3) normal findings on physical examination, and (4) no abnormality in either right or left ventricular morphology and/or function demonstrated by chest radiography and echocardiography. Patients with vasospastic angina and those with vasovagal syncope were excluded from this study. Patients were not administered antiarrhythmic drugs and did not have electrolyte abnormalities at the time of baseline ECG recording and other examinations. Classification of Groups We divided the 330 patients with Brugada-pattern ECG into 3 groups according to their symptoms The ventricular fibrillation (VF) group consisted of 56 probands with aborted sudden death and/or documented VF, the syncope group consisted of 67 probands with syncope without documented arrhythmias that was not typical for vasovagal syncope, and the asymptomatic group consisted of 207 asymptomatic individuals whose ECGs were mainly detected by individual annual medical checkup or health screening in their place of employment. We also divided these patients into 2 groups according to ECG morphology The type 1 group consisted of 245 probands with a spontaneous type 1 ECG or those who developed type 1 ECG with a drug provocation test. The non–type 1 group consisted of the remaining 85 probands who never showed type 1 ST-elevation even with the drug provocation test (Figure 1) and during the follow-up on standard 12-lead ECGs. Clinical Data, ECG, and Electrophysiological Testing Clinical data including age at the enrollment, sex, family history of SCD, and the presence of atrial fibrillation were collected for all patients. The standard ECGs were recorded more than 5 times during the follow-up period in all patients. ECG recording on higher intercostals spaces (third and/or second) in leads V1–V3 6 was encouraged in patients who had cardiac events during the follow-up period. A type 1 ECG was defined as a prominent coved ST-segment elevation displaying J-point wave amplitude or ST-segment elevation 2 mm or 0.2 mV.7,8 ECG patterns with a prominent coved ST-elevation 2 mm followed by a positive or flat T wave were also included in type 1 group (Figure 2A through C). A non–type 1 ECG was defined as one of the following type 2 ECG,7 type 3 ECG,7 and ECG displaying coved or saddleback ST-elevation with J-wave amplitude 1 mm and 2 mm (Figures 1 and 2D through 2G). The presence of early repolarization in the inferolateral leads9 was evaluated by baseline 12-lead ECGs at the time of enrollment to elucidate ECG findings associated with Brugada syndrome. Early repolarization was defined as an elevation of the J point in at least 2 leads. The amplitude of the J wave or J-point elevation had to be at least 1 mm above the baseline level, either as QRS slurring or notching in the inferior lead (II, III, and aVF), lateral (I, aVL, and V4–V6) lead, or both.9 ECGs were evaluated by 3 independent investigators (S.K., N.A., and W.S.) who were unaware of the patients’ other clinical information. The ECG type or morphology was established by the evaluation in which at least 2 of the 3 observers were in agreement. Sodium channel blocker pilsicainide (1 mg/kg body weight at a rate of 5 to 10 mg/min), disopyramide (1.5 mg/kg, 10 mg/min), flecainide (2 mg/kg, 10 mg/min), or procainamide (10 mg/kg, 100 mg/min) was administered intravenously in 270 (82%) patients (233, 15, 14, and 8, respectively) to test the conversion to typical coved ST-elevation.8,10,11 Baseline electrophysiological studies (EPS) were performed in 232 (70%) patients. A maximum of 3 ventricular extrastimuli were delivered from 2 right ventricular (RV) sites (RV apex and RV outflow tract) unless VF or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) (lasting 10 beats) that terminated spontaneously within 30 seconds, causing syncope, or requiring intervention to be terminated was elicited at a previous step. Premature beats were started in late diastole; coupling intervals were then reduced in 10-ms decrements until refractoriness was reached. Stimulation was performed at twice the diastolic threshold. Patients with inducible ventricular arrhythmias lasting less than 10 beats were classified as noninducible. The indices including age, sex distribution, a family history of SCD at Figure 1. Presentation of 12-lead ECGs of a patient with non–type 1 ST-elevation. A, Baseline 12-lead ECG; B, 12-lead ECG after provocation by intravenous administration of 50 mg pilsicainide in the same patient. Saddlebacktype ST-elevation in leads V1 and V2 was enhanced after pilsicainide but was not changed to type 1 ST-elevation. This 46-yearold male patient with a history of syncope but with no family history of SCD had inducible VF by electrophysiological study. He had spontaneous VF 11 months after enrollment. 496 Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol October 2009 Downloaded from circep.ahajournals.org at Fukuoka Red Cross Hospital on June 11, 2013 less than 45 years of age, and VF/polymorphic VT inducibility were compared with those reported in previously published studies2,3,5 (Table 1). In addition to these parameters, the presence of atrial fibrillation, cardiac events at night, and inferolateral early repolarization were compared between type 1 and non–type 1 groups. Patient treatment was based on clinical judgment of the participating hospital. Twenty-eight (8%) probands received antiarrhythmic drugs (quinidine sulfate 400 mg, bepridil 200 mg, disopyramide 300 mg, aprindine 30 mg, and amiodarone 200 mg/d) for prevention of atrial fibrillation or VF. Calcium antagonists were administered in 18 (5%) probands for hypertension. Quinidine and bepridil were administered only after a documentation of VF during follow-up. Among the 330 patients, 125 (38%) received an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). During follow-up, patients were considered to have an arrhythmic event if sudden death occurred or VF was documented. Statistical Analysis Data are presented as meanstandard deviation. The Fisher exact test or the 2 test was used for categorical variables. One-way ANOVA was used for comparisons of continuous variables among the different groups. Survival curves were plotted by the Kaplan- Meier method and analyzed by the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze factors associated with the time to the first arrhythmic event during follow-up in all probands as well as in type 1, non–type 1, VF, and non-VF (syncope and asymptomatic) groups. Variables were included in the multivariate analysis with the use of a forward stepwise procedure with a criteria of P0.05 for inclusion and P0.15 for removal from the model. A probability value of P0.05 was considered statistically significant. This study was performed under the ethical code approved by the Health, Labor, and Welfare Ministry of Japan. Written informed consent was obtained from all individuals. Results Clinical Profiles of All Probands The mean age of the 330 probands was 51.414.8 years (median, 53 years; range, 4 to 86 years). The majority (315; 95%) of probands were male. A low percentage (14%) of patients had a family history of SCD occurring before the age of 45 years. The induction rate of VF/polymorphic VT by EPS was higher (77/109 72%, P0.005) in symptomatic than asymptomatic probands (61/123 50%) (Table 1). Comparison of Clinical Characteristics Between Type 1 and Non–Type 1 Groups Type 1 ECG was found in 245 probands (VF group 45, 18%; syncope group 46, 19%; and asymptomatic group 154, 63%). Of these 245 probands, 173 (71%) showed type 1 ECG spontaneously and the remaining 72 (29%) showed characteristic type 1 morphology after class Ic or Ia antiarrhythmic drug administration. In 85 probands of the non–type 1 group (VF group 11, 13%; syncope group 21, 25%; and asymptomatic group 53, 62%), non–type 1 ECG remained during the drug provocation test (type 2 61, Figure 2. Presentation of type 1 and non–type 1 ECG. Coved-type ST-elevation with a J-wave amplitude 2 mm followed by a negative T wave (A) or a positive/flat T wave (B), and a coved ST-elevation followed by a smaller J wave than T wave (C) were defined as type 1 ECG. Coved (D) or saddleback-type ST-elevation (E) with a J-wave amplitude 2 mm, a saddleback ST-elevation with a J-wave amplitude 2 mm (F), and a saddleback ST-elevation displaying bigger J wave than T wave (G) were defined as non–type 1 ECG. Table 1. Comparison of Patient Characteristics Among 3 Large Registries Brugada et al2 Eckardt et al5 Kamakura et al Sympt Asympt Sympt Asympt Sympt (VF, S) Asympt No. 144 190 89 123 123 (56, 67) 207 Age, y 4116* 4016 4614 4414 50.416.6 51.913.6 Men, % 83 71 76 68 96 95 FH of SCD, % 34 72 21 33 19 (25, 13) 11 VF/VT inducibility, % 73 33 63 39 71 (65, 75) 50 Values in parentheses are for the patients with aborted sudden death and an episode of syncope. Sympt indicates symptomatic; Asympt, asymptomatic; S, syncope; FH of SCD, prevalence of patients with a family history of sudden cardiac death at 45 years old; and VF/VT inducibility, induction rate of VF or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia by EPS. *Age of patients with VF. Kamakura et al Prognosis of Probands With Brugada ECG 497 Downloaded from circep.ahajournals.org at Fukuoka Red Cross Hospital on June 11, 2013 72%; coved with J-point amplitude 2 mm 24, 28%) and the follow-up period. Most of the clinical parameters except for VF/VT inducibility, namely, age, sex distribution, the prevalence of atrial fibrillation, the presence of a family history of SCD, cardiac events at night (8 PM to 8 AM), and early repolarization, were of similar occurrence between type 1 and non–type 1 groups (Table 2). Only 8% (7/85) of probands in the non–type 1 group and 11% (26/245) of those in the type 1 group were associated with early repolarization in the inferolateral leads. Follow-Up and Predictors of Outcome The mean follow-up period for the entire study population was 48.714.9 months. Follow-up time was similar among VF (51.915.0 months), syncope (48.514.0 months), and asymptomatic (47.715.0 months) groups and between type 1 (48.615.2 months) and non–type 1 (48.914.2 months) groups. Twenty-four patients had fatal arrhythmic events during follow-up. The frequency of events in the type 1 group—15 of 45 (33%) in patients with VF, 1 of 46 (2%) in syncope patients, and 3 of 154 (2%) in asymptomatic patients— was similar to that in the non– type 1 group (4/11 36%, 1/21 5%, and 0/53 0%, respectively, P0.22; Figure 3). In 5 patients who had events in the non–type 1 group, 2 had shown a type 1 ST-elevation only in the higher (second or third) intercostal spaces—1 in a follow-up ECG and 1 after drug provocation test. The observed frequency of arrhythmic events was significantly highly in patients with early repolarization in the inferolateral leads (7/33; 21% versus 17/297; 6%, P0.005), although there was no difference in risk between the 2 groups (type 1 6/26; 23%, non–type 1 1/7; 14%, P0.67). One asymptomatic patient with type 1 ECG died suddenly 3 months after enrollment. Six patients died of nonarrhythmic causes; 3 died of cancer, 1 because of rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm, 1 because of pneumonia, and cause of death for 1 patient was unknown. Seven percent of all patients who entered the study dropped out, the most frequent reason for drop-out was inability of follow-up due to patient’s change of address. Figure 4 shows the Kaplan–Meier analysis of arrhythmic events in probands with type 1 and non–type 1 ECG. Probands in the VF group had significantly worse prognosis than those in the syncope and asymptomatic groups. The Table 2. Comparison of Clinical Profiles Between Probands With Type 1 ECG and Those With Non–Type 1 ECG Type 1 (n245) Non-Type 1 (n85) VF Syncope Asympt VF Syncope Asympt P Value No. 45 46 154 11 21 53 0.33 Age, y 48.217.8 52.515.6 52.313.1 48.018.1 51.915.8 50.715.2 0.99 Men, n (%) 44 (98) 44 (96) 146 (95) 11 (100) 19 (90) 51 (96) 0.90 FH of SCD, n (%) 11 (24) 8 (17) 17 (11) 3 (27) 1 (5) 5 (9) 0.06 Event at night, n (%) 37/45 (82) 15/45 (33) 5/9 (56) 7/18 (39) 0.06 Inferolateral ER, n (%) 8 (18) 3 (7) 15 (10) 2 (18) 1 (5) 4 (8) 0.85 Prevalence of AF, n (%) 19 (42) 7 (15) 21 (14) 4 (36) 3 (14) 8 (15) 0.87 VF/VT inducibility, n (%) 27/41 (66) 31/40 (78) 52/91 (57) 7/11 (64) 12/17 (71) 9/32 (28) 0.04 n (%) indicates the number and the ratio of patients with each parameter; event at night, event developed at night (8 PM to 8 AM); inferolateral ER, inferolateral early repolarization; AF, atrial fibrillation; VF/VT inducibility, induction rate of VF or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia by EPS. Figure 3. Flow chart of proband groups categorized according to symptom, ECG morphology, and VF/VT inducibility by electrophysiological study. Sp. Type 1 indicates spontaneous type 1 group; Dr. Type 1, drug-induced type 1 group; VF, a group with inducible VF/VT; Non, a group with noninducible VF/VT; EP, a group in which electrophysiological study was not performed; AE, fatal arrhythmic event during follow-up. The number indicates the number of probands in each category. 498 Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol October 2009 Downloaded from circep.ahajournals.org at Fukuoka Red Cross Hospital on June 11, 2013 annual rate of arrhythmic events in probands with type 1 ECG was 10.2% in the VF group, 0.6% in the syncope group, and 0.5% in the asymptomatic group (Figure 4A). The cumulative rate of arrhythmic events in probands with non–type 1 ECG was similar to those with type 1 ECG. The annual arrhythmic event rate was 10.6%, 1.2%, and 0%, respectively (Figure 4B). By univariate analysis, a family history of SCD was a predictor for arrhythmic events in the type 1 group (hazard ratio [HR], 5.1; 95% CI, 2.0 to 12.8; P0.0004) and the non–type 1 group (HR, 12.3; 95% CI, 2.0 to 74.8; P0.006). Coexistence of posterolateral early repolarization with precordial Brugada-pattern ECG was another predictor in the type 1 group (HR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.6 to 11.2; P0.003); however, other parameters were not reliable. Figure 5 shows the Kaplan–Meier curves of arrhythmic events in the type 1 group during follow-up, depending on the presence of a family history of SCD (Figure 5A), inferolateral early repolarization (Figure 5B), a spontaneous type 1 ST-elevation (Figure 5C), and inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias by EPS (Figure 5D). Multivariate analysis in all probands identified that the former 2 parameters were independent risk factors for arrhythmic events (a family history of SCD HR, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.42 to 7.60; P0.005; early repolarization HR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.06 to 6.71; P0.03, Table 3) as well as a family history of SCD in analysis of probands without VF (syncope and asymptomatic groups) (HR, 12.5; 95% CI, 2.0 to 75.0; P0.005). Discussion Main Findings We present one of the largest series of consecutive patients with Brugada-pattern ECG. Importantly, in the present study only probands were included. Also, this study has the longest follow-up ever reported. The main finding is that probands who have a non–type 1 ECG, even after challenged with a sodium channel blocker, do not necessarily have a better prognosis than patients with spontaneous or drug-induced type 1 ECG. Patients presenting with aborted cardiac arrest had a grim prognosis and those presenting with syncope or no symptoms had an excellent prognosis irrespective of their ECG pattern (that is, type 1 versus non–type 1). Also, a family history of sudden death at age 45 years and coexistence of early repolarization in the inferolateral leads were predictors of poor outcome. In contrast, VF/VT inducibility during EPS was not a predictor of outcome. Comparison With Previous Studies In this study, the follow-up time was uniform among the 3 groups. The mean follow-up time for the asymptomatic individuals was the longest (47.715.0 months) compared with the studies by Brugada et al2 (2729 months), Priori et al3 (3444 months), and Eckardt et al5 (33.752.2 months). The percentage of female patients (5%) and patients with a family history of SCD (14%) was significantly smaller than 2 of these previous reports (5% versus 24% to 28%2,3,5; P0.001, and 14% versus 28% to 54%2,3,5; P0.001), although the percentage (14%) of a family history of SCD was similar to that of probands (20%) that Priori et al3 had reported. The values observed in the present study may reflect the true profile of the probands of Brugada syndrome in contrast to previous studies in which a significant number of family members were also enrolled. Prognosis of Probands Presenting With Syncope and Without Symptoms The prognosis of probands in the syncope and asymptomatic groups was very good, and the annual rate of arrhythmic events was 1.2%. In the syncope group, this rate is far less than reported in previous studies,2–5 although the 0 . 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1 Free of SCD or VF 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Months 0 . 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1 Free of SCD or VF 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Months A Asymptomatic group B Syncope group VF group Asymptomatic group Syncope group VF group Type 1 group Non-Type 1 group Asymptomatic 154 152 142 123 113 90 48 Syncope 46 45 42 35 33 26 10 VF 45 40 31 27 25 23 13 N. of patients Asymptomatic 53 53 52 43 40 29 16 Syncope 21 21 20 19 16 13 7 VF 11 11 11 7 6 3 2 N. of patients P 0.0001 P=0.009 Figure 4. Kaplan–Meier analysis of arrhythmic events (SCD or documented VF) during follow-up depending on the clinical presentation (VF/aborted sudden death, syncope, or asymptomatic) in probands with type 1 ECG (A) and those with non–type 1 ECG (B). P0.0001 represents overall comparison, and P0.009 is for comparison between the VF group and the syncope group. There was no statistically significant difference (P0.95) in the events-free survival of VF probands comparing type 1 and non–type 1 groups. Kamakura et al Prognosis of Probands With Brugada ECG 499 Downloaded from circep.ahajournals.org at Fukuoka Red Cross Hospital on June 11, 2013 rate in the asymptomatic group is similar to that in the Eckardt registry5 and the rate of around 10% for the VF group is comparable to the rate reported in the Brugada registries.2,8 The reason that the patients in the syncope group showed excellent prognosis is not entirely clear but may be related to the method of registry. Poor prognosis in prior studies is possibly related to the retrospective design of the studies consisting of probands and family members, 2,3,5 in which only severe syncope directly linked to VF tends to be categorized later as a syncope, despite difficulty to determine the cause of syncope at the onset. Even so, we cannot exclude the possibility that some patients with vasovagal syncope were inevitably included in the syncope group because not a few patients have undefined syncope and 30% of Brugada patients are reported to have both vasovagal syncope and the syncope due to ventricular arrhythmia.12 Another reason for the good prognosis is the difference of genetic background. Brugada syndrome is known to be common in Asian people, which possibly relates to the higher prevalence of polymorphism of haplotype B, associated with the cardiac sodium channel.13,14 The average prognosis of Asian patients with Brugada syndrome may be better than that of the white population, because individuals without a critical genetic defect are easily detected as a Brugada patient in a routine medical checkup. Further genetic studies are required to clarify the racial difference of outcome. Nevertheless, the patients in this study with an aborted sudden death showed worse prognosis than European people in the study by Eckardt et al5 and had a similar outcome to those who underwent ICD implantation.15 Prognosis of Probands With Non–Type 1 ECG The outcome of probands with non–type 1 ECG was similar to those with type 1 ECG and the rate of arrhythmic events in the VF group was considerably higher. Some of these patients had shown a coved (type 1) ST-elevation only in the higher (second or third) intercostal spaces during the drug provocation test or follow-up. Miyamoto et al16 reported that men with a spontaneous type 1 ECG A FH of SCD - 209 207 191 167 154 124 63 FH of SCD + 36 30 24 18 18 15 9 N. of pts. with FH FH of SCD - FH of SCD + p 0.0001 0 . 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1 Free of SCD or VF 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Months 0 . 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1 Free of SCD or VF 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Months Early Rep - 219 214 197 166 155 127 63 Early Rep + 26 23 19 19 17 12 9 N. of pts. with early repolarization P=0.0013 Early Repolarization - Early Repolarization + B 0 . 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1 Free of SCD or VF 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Months 0 . 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1 Free of SCD or VF 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Months Drug induced 72 71 65 57 54 46 22 Spontaneous 173 165 149 128 118 93 49 N. of pts. with Type 1 ECG Noninducible 62 60 54 47 46 38 25 Inducible 110 105 97 85 77 63 26 N. of pts. with EPS P=0.16 Drug induced Type 1 Spontaneous Type 1 P=0.54 Noninducible VF Inducible VF C D Figure 5. Kaplan–Meier analysis of fatal arrhythmic events during follow-up depending on a family history (FH) of SCD (FH of SCD versus FH of SCD ) (A), inferolateral early repolarization (early repolarization versus early repolarization) (B), a spontaneous type 1 ST-elevation (drug-induced type 1 versus spontaneous type 1) (C), and inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias by EPS (noninducible VF versus inducible VF) (D). 500 Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol October 2009 Downloaded from circep.ahajournals.org at Fukuoka Red Cross Hospital on June 11, 2013 recorded only at the higher leads V1 and V2 showed a prognosis similar to that of men with a type 1 ECG when using standard leads. In the past, patients with non–type 1 ST-elevation in standard ECG had been excluded from studies as a benign entity of Brugada syndrome. However, if patients had a history of aborted sudden death or agonizing nocturnal dyspnea, non–type 1 Brugada-pattern ECG should not be disregarded. Careful follow-up including ECG recording at the higher intercostals spaces and the implantation of ICD is probably required in such a patient to prevent SCD. Clinical Features of Probands With Non–Type 1 ECG The clinical profiles of probands were very similar between the non–type 1 group and the type 1 group (Table 2). Inferolateral early repolarization occurred equally in small percentage of patients in both groups (8% and 11%, respectively), which is comparable to the prevalence (12%) of early repolarization that Letsas et al17 reported in patients with Brugada syndrome. This means that the patient characteristics of the non–type 1 group are much closer to Brugada syndrome than early repolarization syndrome reported by Haı¨ssaguerre et al,9 in which the VF occurrence rate during sleeping was low (19%) and VF inducibility by EPS was only 34%. Moreover, they reported that several aspects including the relapsing VF and the efficacy of isoproterenol and quinidine,9,18 which were observed in some patients with early repolarization, were exactly like those of typical Brugada syndrome. Haı¨ssaguerre et al9 excluded patients with Brugada syndrome, defined as right bundle-branch block and ST-segment elevation 0.2mV in leads V1–V3, at the enrollment. However, considering that they possibly included patients with non–type 1 ECG as non-Brugada pattern in their study, some patients with prior VF and early repolarization might have represented non–type 1 Brugada patients of high risk. Predictors of Outcome It was reported that male sex, a previous episode of syncope, a spontaneous type 1 ECG, and inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias by EPS are predictors for poor outcome.2– 4 Brugada et al demonstrated that inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias was a reliable marker in patients with and without VF/SCD,2,4 although Priori et al3 did not find any significant difference in the analysis of all patients. A spontaneous type 1 ECG was also indicated as a reliable marker of poor prognosis by Brugada et al4 in the analysis of patients without VF/SCD and by Eckardt et al5 in all patients.5 However, we could not find any reliability in these markers (Figures 3 and 5). Inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias was not a significant predictor even if it was evaluated by programmed pacing only from the RV apex (type 1 group HR, 1.9 [95% CI, 0.7 to 5.2], P0.18; all probands HR, 1.5 [95% CI, 0.6 to 4.1], P0.34, by univariate analysis). In contrast, a family history of SCD occurring at age of 45 years is an independent risk factor of a poor prognosis in probands of any groups irrespective of their ECG type (type 1 or non–type 1) or symptoms (with VF or without VF). This was probably caused by a smaller proportion of probands with a family history of SCD as compared with previous studies2–5 A family history was not found to be a marker in studies that enrolled many patients with SCD or a family history of Brugada syndrome. These results indicate that we should evaluate risks for arrhythmic events cautiously in studies with a significant number of family members. Early repolarization pattern in the inferolateral leads was another indicator of poor prognosis, although Letsas et al17 did not find any association with arrhythmic events in the data collected from 3 European centers, which also included 30% of patients with a family history of SCD. The reason for the poor outcome in probands with early repolarization in this study is not clear. However, it is conceivable that the combination of precordial Brugada-pattern ST-elevation with inferolateral early repolarization may represent electric heterogeneity in extensive regions of ventricles, which can result in lethal ventricular arrhythmias. Study Limitations In this study, premature ventricular electric stimulation was given until refractoriness was reached. The minimal Table 3. Probability of Sudden Death or VF During Follow-Up Depending on Clinical and Electrophysiological Variables in All Probands (Type 1 and Non–Type 1 Groups) Univariate Analysis Multivariate Analysis HR 95% CI P Value HR 95% CI P Value Prior VF 21.46 8.00 –57.53 0.0001 17.48 6.22– 49.11 0.0001 FH of SCD 6.35 2.84–14.19 0.0001 3.28 1.42–7.60 0.005 Inferolateral ER 4.14 1.71–10.00 0.001 2.66 1.06–6.71 0.03 AF 2.15 0.92–5.03 0.07 0.87 0.36–2.09 0.75 Syncope 0.35 0.08–1.09 0.15 Sp. type1 2.31 0.67–7.94 0.18 VF induc. (apex/OT) 1.81 0.72–4.70 0.20 VF induc. (apex) 1.58 0.60–4.11 0.34 Male NA FH indicates family history; inferolateral ER, inferolateral early repolarization; AF, atrial fibrillation; Sp. type 1, spontaneous type 1 ST-elevation on 12-lead ECG at baseline; VF induc. (apex/OT), VF induction by programmed pacing at the RV apex or RV outflow tract; and VF induc. (apex), VF induction by programmed pacing at the RV apex. Kamakura et al Prognosis of Probands With Brugada ECG 501 Downloaded from circep.ahajournals.org at Fukuoka Red Cross Hospital on June 11, 2013 coupling interval of extrastimuli was not constant between participating hospitals and was sometimes shortened to 200 ms to induce ventricular arrhythmias. We did not show the results of genetic analysis in this report, although more than half of the patients underwent genetic screening. Detailed results will be presented in a future report. So far, no positive relationship between genetic findings and patient outcomes has been found.3,19 We did not record ECGs at the higher intercostals spaces systematically except for probands with cardiac events, because the importance of “high-recording” became apparent in the course of this study.6 Therefore, some patients of the non–type 1 group may have shown type 1 ST-elevation at the higher precordial positions. Conclusions This study described the long-term prognosis of probands with noncoved (non–type 1) Brugada-pattern ECG compared with type 1 ECG. The annual incidence of fatal arrhythmic events was similar between the 2 groups, which reached 10.6% in probands with non–type 1 ECG and a prior episode of VF. A family history of SCD occurring at age of 45 years and the presence of early repolarization were indicators of poor outcome although VF inducibility and a spontaneous type 1 ST-elevation were not reliable indicators in this prospective study including only probands. Appendix The following investigators and institutions participated in this study A. Hukui, Yamagata University, Yamagata; M. Hiraoka, Tokyo Dental and Medical University, Tokyo; S. Takata, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; H. Sakurada, Hiroo Metropolitan Hospital, Tokyo; Y. Eki, Ibaragi-higashi National Hospital, Tokai; Y. Sasaki, Nagano National Hospital, Ueda; Y. Tomita, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya; U. Shintani, Mie-chuo Medical Center, Tsu; T. Hashizume, Minami-Wakayama Medical Center, Tanabe; Y. Fujimoto, Okayama Medical Center, Okayama; W. Matsuura, Higashihiroshima Medical Center, Higashihiroshima; K. Sakabe, Zentuuji National Hospital, Zentuuji; and I. Matsuoka, Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan. Sources of Funding This work was supported by a research grant for cardiovascular diseases (13A-1, 16C-3) from the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan. Disclosures None. References 1. Brugada P, Brugada J. Right bundle branch block, persistent ST segment elevation and sudden cardiac death a distinct clinical and electrocardiographic syndrome a multicenter report. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20 1391–1396. 2. Brugada J, Brugada R, Antzelevitch C, Towbin J, Nademanee K, Brugada P. Long-term follow-up of individuals with the electrocardiographic pattern of right bundle-branch block and ST-segment elevation in precordial leads V1 to V3. Circulation. 2002;105 73–78. 3. Priori SG, Napolitano C, Gasparini M, Pappone C, Della Bella P, Giordano U, Bloise R, Giustetto C, De Nardis R, Grillo M, Ronchetti E, Faggiano G, Nastoli J. Natural history of Brugada syndrome insights for risk stratification and management. Circulation. 2002;105 1342–1347. 4. Brugada J, Brugada R, Brugada P. Determinants of sudden cardiac death in individuals with the electrocardiographic pattern of Brugada syndrome and no previous cardiac arrest. Circulation. 2003;108 3092–3096. 5. Eckardt L, Probst V, Smits JP, Bahr ES, Wolpert C, Schimpf R, Wichter T, Boisseau P, Heinecke A, Breithardt G, Borggrefe M, LeMarec H, Bocker D, Wilde AA. Long-term prognosis of individuals with right precordial ST-segment-elevation Brugada syndrome. Circulation. 2005; 111 257–263. 6. Shimizu W, Matsuo K, Takagi M, Tanabe Y, Aiba T, Taguchi A, Suyama K, Kurita T, Aihara N, Kamakura S. Body surface distribution and response to drugs of ST segment elevation in Brugada syndrome clinical implication of eighty-seven-lead body surface potential mapping and its application to twelve-lead electrocardiograms. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2000;11 396–404. 7. Wilde AA, Antzelevitch C, Borggrefe M, Brugada J, Brugada R, Brugada P, Corrado D, Hauer RN, Kass RS, Nademanee K, Priori SG, Towbin JA; Study Group on the Molecular Basis of Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology. Proposed diagnostic criteria for the Brugada syndrome consensus report. Circulation. 2002;106 2514 –2519. 8. Antzelevitch C, Brugada P, Borggrefe M, Brugada J, Brugada R, Corrado D, Gussak I, LeMarec H, Nademanee K, Perez Riera AR, Shimizu W, Schulze-Bahr E, Tan H, Wilde AA. Brugada syndrome report of the second consensus conference; endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the European Heart Rhythm Association. Circulation. 2005;111 659–670. 9. Haı¨ssaguerre M, Derval N, Sacher F, Jesel L, Deisenhofer I, de Roy L, Pasquie´ JL, Nogami A, Babuty D, Yli-Mayry S, De Chillou C, Scanu P, Mabo P, Matsuo S, Probst V, Le Scouarnec S, Defaye P, Schlaepfer J, Rostock T, Lacroix D, Lamaison D, Lavergne T, Aizawa Y, Englund A, Anselme F, O’Neill M, Hocini M, Lim KT, Knecht S, Veenhuyzen GD, Bordachar P, Chauvin M, Jais P, Coureau G, Chene G, Klein GJ, Cle´menty J. Sudden cardiac arrest associated with early repolarization. N Engl J Med. 2008;358 2016–2023. 10. Hattori Y, Inomata N. Modes of the Na channel blocking action of pilsicainide, a new antiarrhythmic agent, in cardiac cell. Japan J Pharmacol. 1992;58 365–373. 11. Morita H, Morita ST, Nagase S, Banba K, Nishii N, Tani Y, Watanabe A, Nakamura K, Kusano KF, Emori T, Matsubara H, Hina K, Kita T, Ohe T. Ventricular arrhythmia induced by sodium channel blocker in patients with Brugada syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42 1624 –1631. 12. Letsas KP, Efremidis M, Gavielatos G, Filippatos GS, Sideris A, Kardaras F. Neurally mediated susceptibility in individuals with Brugada-type ECG pattern. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2008;31 418–421. 13. Nademanee K, Veerakul G, Nimmannit S, Nimmannit S, Chaowakul V, Bhuripanyo K, Likittanasombat K, Tunsanga K, Kuasirikul S, Malasit P, Tansupasawadikul S, Tatsanavivat P. Arrhythmogenic marker for the sudden unexplained death syndrome in Thai men. Circulation. 1997;96 2595–2600. 14. Bezzina CR, Shimizu W, Yang P, Koopmann TT, Tanck MWT, Miyamoto Y, Kamakura S, Roden DM. Wilde AA. Common sodium channel promoter haplotype in Asian subjects underlies variability in cardiac conduction. Circulation. 2006;113 338 –344. 15. Sacher F, Probst V, Iesaka Y, Jacon P, Laborderie J, Mizon-Ge´rard F, Mabo P, Reuter S, Lamaison D, Takahashi Y, O’Neill MD, Garrigue S, Pierre B, Jaïs P, Pasquie´ JL, Hocini M, Salvador-Mazenq M, Nogami A, Amiel A, Defaye P, Bordachar P, Boveda S, Maury P, Klug D, Babuty D, Haı¨ssaguerre M, Mansourati J, Cle´menty J, Le Marec H. Outcome after implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator in patients with Brugada syndrome a multicenter study. Circulation. 2006;114 2317–2324. 16. Miyamoto K, Yokokawa M, Tanaka K, Nagai T, Okamura H, Noda T, Satomi K, Suyama K, Kurita T, Aihara N, Kamakura S, Shimizu W. Diagnostic and prognostic value of a type 1 Brugada electrocardiogram at higher (third or second) V1 to V2 recording in men with Brugada syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 2007;99 53–57. 17. Letsas KP, Sacher F, Probst V, Weber R, Knecht S, Kalusche D, Haı¨ssaguerre M, Arentz T. Prevalence of early repolarization pattern in inferolateral leads in patients with Brugada syndrome. Heart Rhythm. 2008;5 1685–1689. 18. Haı¨ssaguerre M, Sacher F, Nogami A, Komiya N, Bernard A, Probst V, Yli-Mayry S, Defaye P, Aizawa Y, Frank R, Mantovan R, Cappato R, Wolpert C, Leenhardt A, de Roy L, Heidbuchel H, Deisenhofer I, Arentz T, Pasquie´ JL, Weerasooriya R, Hocini M, Jais P, Derval N, Bordachar P, 502 Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol October 2009 Downloaded from circep.ahajournals.org at Fukuoka Red Cross Hospital on June 11, 2013 Cle´menty J. Characteristics of recurrent ventricular fibrillation associated with inferolateral early repolarization role of drug therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53 612– 619. 19. Kusano KF, Taniyama M, Nakamura K, Miura D, Banba K, Nagase S, Morita H, Nishii N, Watanabe A, Tada T, Murakami M, Miyaji K, Hiramatsu S, Nakagawa K, Tanaka M, Miura A, Kimura H, Fuke S, Sumita W, Sakuragi S, Urakawa S, Iwasaki J, Ohe T. Atrial fibrillation in patients with Brugada syndrome relationships of gene mutation, electrophysiology, and clinical backgrounds. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51 1176 –1180. CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE The prognosis of patients with saddleback or noncoved type (non–type 1) ST-elevation in Brugada syndrome is unknown. We compared the long-term prognosis of 85 probands with non–type 1 ECG with 245 probands with coved (type 1) Brugada-pattern ECG prospectively. The absence of type 1 ECG was confirmed by drug provocation test and multiple recordings. Clinical profiles and outcomes did not differ between the non–type 1 and type 1 groups. The annual rate of fatal arrhythmic events was very low in asymptomatic probands and those with syncope but was higher in probands with ventricular fibrillation. A family history of sudden cardiac death at age 45 years and the presence of inferolateral early repolarization were indicators of poor prognosis, although ventricular fibrillation inducibility and a spontaneous type 1 ST-elevation were not reliable parameters in this prospective study including only probands. Kamakura et al Prognosis of Probands With Brugada ECG 503 Downloaded from circep.ahajournals.org at Fukuoka Red Cross Hospital on June 11, 2013
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BF2の伏せ動作は今回も可能です ｴﾝｼﾞｮｲ ｴｷｻｲﾃｨﾝｸﾞ! リボンについて +リボン一覧を展開 Achievements / Trophies Unlocked Infantry Efficiency (30G / Bronze) – Obtain all 4 weapon efficiency ribbons. Support Efficiency (30G / Bronze) – Obtain all 4 Support efficiency ribbons. Vehicle Warfare (30G / Bronze) – Obtain all 3 vehicle warfare ribbons. Ribbons Squad Rush Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Complete one round of Squad Rush. Squad Deathmatch Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Complete one round of Squad Deathmatch. Rush Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Complete one round of Rush. Conquest Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Complete one round of Conquest. Team Deathmatch Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Complete one round of Team Deathmatch. Squad Deathmatch Winner Ribbon 500 XP Bonus. Win one round of Squad Deathmatch. Squad Rush Winner Ribbon 500 XP Bonus. Win one round of Squad Rush. Rush Winner Ribbon 500 XP Bonus. Win one round of Rush. Conquest Winner Ribbon 500 XP Bonus. Win one round of Conquest. TDM Winner Ribbon 500 XP Bonus. Win a Team Deathmatch round M-COM Attacker Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Blow-up three M-Com Stations in one round. Try the Rush game mode and play as the Attackers, then activate three M-Com Stations in one round to get this ribbon. M-COM Defender Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Defend 4 M-Com Stations in one round. Choose the Rush game mode and play as a Defender, to defend an M-Com Station, you have to kill an enemy while they’re trying to activate the bomb. Camp near the station and watch for players to approach, but don’t kill them until they start activating the bombs. Flag Defender Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Defend the flag 5 times in one round. To get this ribbon, play the Conquest game mode. For your kills to count towards this ribbon, you need to capture an area and defend it. Kill five enemies that enter to get this ribbon. Flag Attacker Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Capture 4 flags in one round. Again, play on the Conquest game mode. They last a long time, if you’re having trouble, bypass the hotspots and go for remote or unguarded flags to capture. You only need to capture them for this ribbon, not defend them. Anti Vehicle Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Destroy 3 enemy vehicles in one round. The Engineer class comes equipped with a Rocket Launcher or Anti-Vehicle mines, both are great for destroying enemy vehicles. Otherwise, just use a tank or helicopter. Disable Vehicle Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Disable 4 enemy vehicles in one round. Just disable the vehicle before destroying it, Anti-Vehicle mines are specifically built for disabling vehicles. Stationary Emplacement Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Kill 2 enemies with emplaced weapons in one round. Emplaced weapons include the TOW Launcher, the Centurion C-Ram, and the Kornet Launcher. Any large maps with vehicles will feature these weapons. Air Warfare Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Kill 6 enemies while driving an Air Vehicle in one round. If you aren’t good with flying, jump into the gunner seat of a Helicopter like the Viper of Havoc. Find these helicopters on these maps; Caspian Border, Operation Firestorm, Damavand Peak, Kharg Island, and the Noshahr Canals. Transport Warfare Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Kill 4 enemies with transport vehicles in a round. Transport vehicles carry troops into battle, and are mostly used to traverse long stretches in large maps. Use these light armored vehicles often to support your squad. (Thanks to Bob for the tip!) Armored Warfare Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Kill 7 enemies with land vehicles in one round. Find a tank, any of the large maps will feature them. Use the Engineer Class to keep the tank repaired if you’re worried about losing it. Any tank will do. Most of the larger maps feature tanks. Assault Rifle Ribbon (200 XP) 200 XP Bonus. Kill 7 enemies with Assault Rifles in a round. Play as the Assault Class here to unlock new and better assault rifles. Light Machine Gun Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Kill 7 enemies with Light Machine Guns in one round. Just play as the Support Class and go nuts. Carbine Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Kill 7 enemies with Carbines in one round. Take the Engineer Class to unlock better Carbines. Sniper Rifle Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Kill 7 enemies with Sniper Rifles in one round. Load up the Recon Class and go crazy. Hand Gun Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Kill 5 enemies with the Handgun in a round. Just use Handguns, try bringing the tactical light to blind your opponents, making them easier kills at close range. PDW Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Kill 7 enemies with any Personal Defense Arms. Mostly Submachine Guns or Machine Pistols count towards this reward. You’ll unlock them as you level up any class. Weapons that count towards this Ribbon are PP-2000, UMP-45, PDW-R, P90, AS Val, MP7, MP5, PP-19. Shotgun Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Kill 7 enemies with Shotguns in one around. This is easy, just grab the Shotgun, any class can use it, and keep it until you rack up 7 kills. Melee Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Kill 4 enemies with melee weapons in one round. Just knife four people in a round, pick close-quarters maps like Metro to boost your chances of needing the knife in combat. Avenger Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Complete 2 Avenger Kills in one round. These kills are counted when you shoot down an enemy that just killed a teammate. Savior Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Complete 2 Savior Kills on one round. To unlock the ribbon, target enemies that are trying to kill your teammates. Nemesis Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Kill a Nemesis twice in one round. Anyone that has killed you 5 times counts as a Nemesis. Once someone is a Nemesis, you just need to kill them twice. Play Squad Rush for it’s small player count to boost your chances. Accuracy Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Get 5 headshouts in one round. Grab a Sniper Rifle and go nuts, you’ll eventually unlock this ribbon if you play Battlefield 3 long enough. Suppression Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Get 7 Suppression Assists in one round. Suppression Assists occur while you’re shooting at an enemy, and a teammate kills them. If you want to get this ribbon fast, play with a squad and only shoot near your enemies, don’t actually kill them. Anti Explosives Ribbons 200 XP Bonus. Destroy 2 Enemy Explosives in one round. Anti-Vehicle Mines and C4 count as enemy explosives, you’ll find these most often in large vehicle-based maps. Squad Spawn Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Get 7 Squad Spawn bonuses in one round. You’ll get a bonus every time a squadmate uses you as a spawn point. If it happens 7 times, the ribbon is your’s. Try to coordinate with your squad for this ribbon. Squad Wipe Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Receive 2 Squad Wipe Bonuses in one round. Play in Squad Rush, you just need to wipe out an enemy squad twice. Combat Efficiency Ribbon 500 XP Bonus. Get 3 Kill Streaks in one round. To get a streak, you need to kill 8 times in a row without dying yourself. Get 3 Kill Streaks of 8 to unlock this ribbon, try playing on infantry heavy maps to increase your chances early on. Medical Efficiency Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Complete 5 revives in one round. Play as the Assault Class to unlock the Defibrillator, and hang out with a squad, which inevitably will find someone getting shot. Resupply Efficiency Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Ressuply 7 times in one round. Choose the Support Class – make sure you resupply 7 times, ammo drop doesn’t count. Maintenance Efficiency Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Repair 7 times in one round. Switch to the Engineer Class and use the Repair Tool 7 times, the easiest way is either escorting a tank or driving a tank yourself, retreating after it takes damage and repairing. Surveillance Efficiency Ribbon 200 XP Bonus. Get 5 Motion Sensor Assists in one round. To unlock this ribbon, you’ll need the MAV, unlockable through the Recon Class. The T-UGS does not work at this time. 武器威力表 投稿者： 投稿日：2011/11/09(水)00時15分22秒 ■ ★ いいもんみっけた KH2002が最強に強まってると思ったのに普通だった(;´Д`) https //docs.google.com/spreadsheet/lv?key=0Ag42gMGK9WrwdHRfa0JhdW9TR1E0bjBueWVSQjc0V0E f=true noheader=true gid=0 武器威力表（Googleスプレッドシート）
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Trader（商人）の設定 Trader（商人）の設定使うファイル Trader設定のテンプレート Traderの買取価格設定 Traderの販売価格設定 Traderの商品在庫設定 Traderを新たに作る NPC-Traderの罠！ 出来上がったものが 使うファイル SoC gamedata\config\misc\ trade_XXX.ltx gulag_XXX.ltx gamedata\config\gameplay character_desc_XXX.xml gamedata\config\creatures\ m_stalker.ltx ※"XXX"の部分は任意。Cordon関係なら全部escapeになってる物を引っ張ればOK。 CS/CoP 保留。だいたい同じだと思う。 Trader設定のテンプレート 今回は、単純にSidの親父の取扱商品を弄る…なんて単純なことは、先達がさんざんやってる事なので、ちょっとひねって既存のNPCにTraderやらせてみようか、という趣旨。 というより、Dialogを作成するで設定したNimbleさんをTrader化しようとしているので、こっちもちゃんと設定して1つのテストケースとして完成させていきたいということで。 というわけで、まずはお手本として、SidのTrader設定（trade_trader.ltx）。 trade_trader.ltx抜粋 [trader] buy_condition = trader_generic_buy sell_condition = {+esc_kill_bandits_quest_done}trader_after_fabric_sell, trader_start_sell buy_supplies = {+esc_kill_bandits_quest_done} supplies_after_fabric, supplies_start ここで設定しているのは、Traderとしての売買価格、および商品の在庫設定がどこに設定されているか、ということ。 buy_conditionが買取価格。sell_conditionが商品の売値。buy_suppliesが入荷する商品の在庫設定。 そして、下2つに関しては、","で区切られた設定が2つある、ということに注目。 要は、esc_kill_bandits_quest_doneという条件を満たしてたら、trader_after_fabric_sellなりsupplies_after_fabricなりで商売しちゃうぞ★ということ。 ちなみに、esc_kill_bandits_quest_doneは、Dialogを作成するにチラっと出てきたinfoのIDのようなので、自分で弄るときもそのように制御してやると宜しいんではないかと。 Traderの買取価格設定 次はtrader_generic_buyの中身。 trade_trader.ltx抜粋－[trader_generic_buy] [trader_generic_buy] af_medusa= 1,0.3 af_cristall_flower= 1,0.3 …中略… ammo_9x18_fmj= 0.9,0.1 ammo_9x18_pmm= 0.9,0.1 …中略… bandage= 1,0.5 medkit= 1,0.5 …中略… mutant_flesh_eye;NO TRADE mutant_boar_leg;NO TRADE mutant_dog_tail;NO TRADE …以下略… というわけで、4種類の（買取）値段設定を抜粋。ホントは全itemに対して書かれてるけど、特に載せる必要も無いので略。 では1つ目。 af_medusa（Jerryfish）に関しては" 1,0.3"で買っちゃうよと言っている。 実際幾らなのか分かりづらいけど、計算には以下の式を使う。 (1つ目の数値+2つ目の数値)/2=実際のcostに対する買い取り価格の割合 要は、(1+0.3)/2=0.65、つまり、定価の65%で買い取っちゃうぞ、ということ。 これを他の値にも適用すると、 ammo_9x18_fmj(9x18通常弾)は0.5（50%）、bandage(包帯)は0.75（75%）で買い取ってくれる。 意外とこういう調整が入ってて、Traderごとに高く買い取ってくれる商品があったりするのもプレイしてるうちに気づいた人もいるんじゃないかと。 ちなみに、最後の3つ、これはミュータントの目玉やら尻尾やらのカテゴリで、数値の設定がされてない。 ご丁寧にコメントで";NO TRADE"と書いてくれている。 要するに、数値の設定が無いアイテムは売れないアイテム、ということ。 ちなみに、trade_ecolog.ltx（教授の買取設定）ならこの辺のアイテムも"1.5 1"。定価の25%増しで買っちゃいます。 Traderの販売価格設定 続いてtrader_after_fabric_sellの中身。 trade_trader.ltx抜粋－[trader_after_fabric_sell] af_medusa;NO TRADE af_cristall_flower;NO TRADE …中略… ammo_9x18_fmj= 1, 3 ammo_9x18_pmm= 1, 3 …中略… novice_outfit= 1, 3 bandit_outfit= 2, 4 killer_outfit= 3, 5 …以下略… 今回もいくつか例を提示してみたが、基本の判定は同じ。 (1つ目の数値+2つ目の数値)/2=実際のcostに対する売値の割合 要するに、ammo_9x18_fmjなら(1+3)/2=2。定価の倍が実際の売値。 Leather Suitは2倍、Bandit Suitは3倍、Merc Suitだと4倍のきっつい商売。 スーツ関係高いなーと思ったらこんだけむしり取ってくれてやがったわけです。 勿論その辺でホイホイ手に入るもんじゃないので高くて当然ですが。 NO_TRADEは勿論売らない設定。買取はしても店頭には並ばないよ、って感じで。 Traderの商品在庫設定 さて、最後は[supplies_after_fabric]。 trade_trader.ltx抜粋－[supplies_after_fabric] ammo_9x18_fmj= 10,0.6 ammo_9x18_pmm= 10,0.5 ammo_12x70_buck= 10,0.5 …中略… novice_outfit= 3,0.8 bandit_outfit= 2,0.6 killer_outfit= 2,0.5 …中略… bandage= 5,0.6 medkit= 5,0.3 antirad= 5,0.5 …以下略… 今回は足して2で割ったってどうにもなりません。 1つ目の数値が入荷数。ただし、それぞれについて入荷するかしないか判定するのが2つ目の数値。 つまり、9x18通常弾は10パック入荷する可能性があるけど、1パックごとに0.6、つまり60%の確率で入荷するかどうか判定している。 運がよければ10パック入ることもあれば、1パックも無くて残念！ってのも十分にありうる…というわけ。 こうやって見ると、Medkitはなかなか入荷しない設定になってるのが心憎い演出に見えてくる。 勿論、2つ目の数値を1にすれば、在庫めいっぱいまで揃えてくれる。 Traderを新たに作る 前提のところが終わったので、ここからが今回のキモ。 Nimbleさんに商品扱わせてみようぜ！の巻。 用意するのはオリジナルのtrade_nimble.ltx。 中身はまぁ、他の物を流用した上でちょいちょいと変更する程度で結構です。 買い取り価格とか販売価格とか、自分の好きなようにやっちゃって問題ないと思われます。 で、今回はNimbleさんに今用意したTrade商品設定を読み込ませないといけないので、 gulag_escape.ltxを開く。 ここでちょっと混乱するのが、"nimble"で検索しても何も出て来ない。 ここは、"shustryi"…おそらくロシア語の読み？で設定されてるのでここを探していじくること。 [logic@esc_lager_shustryi] active = camper@esc_lager_prisoner combat_ignore = combat_ignore trade = misc\trade_nimble.ltx active=とcombat_ignoreは元からあった2行なので、下にtrade=の1文をくっつけた、というところ。 たぶん、logic@なんちゃら～が設定されてる箇所につければ、他のNPCでも適用可能。 これでトレードしたときの商品なんかがバッチリ変わっているはず。 さらに！ここで忘れちゃいけないのがもう1つ。 せっかくTraderやってるので、ちゃんとお金持たせてやんないといけません。 character_desc_escape.xmlのesc_shustryiの項を見てみると、 money min="200" max="600" infinitive="0"/ Nimbleさんがあまりにも貧乏すぎてお話にならない。金持ってても600RU。Medkit2つも買えば文無しです。 で、これを、 money min="100000" max="100000" infinitive="1"/ に変更してやると、Sidの親父と同じ、幾ら売っても買っても持ち金が"－"の超Traderに変身します。 まぁ、これは一例なので、後の調整で何とかするということで。 NPC-Traderの罠！ しかし、この状態で銃なんかを売りつけると… Nimbleさんはｲﾗﾈとばかりに銃を投げ捨てます。 この現象を無くす方法を探すこと数時間… 結論から言うと、config\creatures\m_stalker.ltxの中にある、 can_select_items use_single_item_rule ↑の2つのパラメータを設定してやればいいっぽい。 一般Stalkerは両方on、Traderは両方offですが、情報元のForumによると、 can_select_items = on use_single_item_rule = off でOK、とのこと。 この2つ、詳細な情報が無かったけれど、複数の銃を持ったときにその使い分けをするかどうか…的なフラグのようです。 use_single_item_ruleは、銃がダブったら要らない方捨てる？ってことでしょうか。 持ってない銃を売ったときにどうなるかは未検証。 ただ、一般NPCに銃を売るための改造ポイントとして、この2つはこういう設定にしてやれという話。 ただ、出来ればNimbleさん個人のパラメータを弄りたい・・・のだけれど、 AMKNSあたりでもみんなoffにしちゃってるようなので、とりあえずは問題ないのかもしれない。 また、同ファイルのOFFLINE ALIFEの項目、 max_item_mass inv_max_weight ↑の2つの項目が、Stalkerが持てる荷物の重量の最大値を設定してるらしい。 先のForumでも、この2つ10000にしとけ、的な話になってるけど、 要するに、一気に手持ちの銃をガンガン売りつけてNPCの荷物が設定値（初期設定で1000kg）を超えると、やっぱりNPCは荷物を地面に投げ捨ててしまうらしい。 なので、 max_item_mass = 10000.0 inv_max_weight = 10000.0 にしといて損は無いでしょう。たぶん。 出来上がったものが こちらになります。クリックで別窓。 普段売れない銃やスーツが売れる 商品に設定したMedkit/Bandage/食料類が並んでいる 売却価格を設定したPMMが商品として並んでいる（元はまーくんが売っぱらった物） くらいが見るポイントでしょうか。あとちゃんと金が増えてます。