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7. Yamaguchi, M., Watanabe, M., Iwasaki, M., Tabe, C., Matsumura, H., Kohno, Y. and Izuta, T. (2007) Growth and photosynthetic responses of Fagus crenata seedlings to O3 under different nitrogen loads. Trees, Vol. 21 No. 6, 707-718. Abstract To obtain basic data for evaluating the critical level of ozone (O3) for protecting Japanese deciduous broad-leaved forest tree species, growth and photosynthetic responses of Fagus crenata seedlings to O3 under different nitrogen (N) loads were investigated. The seedlings were grown in potted andisol supplied with N as NH4NO3 solution at 0, 20 or 50 kg ha-1 year-1 and were exposed to charcoal-filtered air or O3 at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times the ambient concentration for two growing seasons. There was a significant interactive effect of O3 and N load on the whole-plant dry mass of the seedlings at the end of the second growing season. The O3-induced reduction in the whole-plant dry mass of the seedlings was greater in the relatively high N treatment than that in the low N treatment. This interactive effect was mainly due to the difference in the degree of O3-induced reduction in net photosynthesis among the N treatments. The degree of O3-induced reduction in the N availability to photosynthesis was greater in the relatively high N treatment than that in the low N treatment. In conclusion, the sensitivity of growth and photosynthetic parameters of F. crenata seedlings to O3 become high with increasing the amount of N added to the soil. Therefore, N deposition from the atmosphere should be taken into account to evaluate the critical level of O3 for protecting Japanese deciduous broad-leaved forest tree species. 戻る トップページへ 以下、広告です。
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5. Yamaguchi, M., Watanabe, M., Matsuo, N., Naba, J., Funada, R., Fukami, M., Matsumura, H., Kohno, Y. and Izuta, T. (2007) Effects of nitrogen supply on the sensitivity to O3 of growth and photosynthesis of Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) seedlings. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, Focus, Vol. 7, No.1-3, 131-136. Abstract To obtain basic information for evaluating critical levels of O3 under different nitrogen loads for protecting Japanese beech forests, two-year-old seedlings of Fagus crenata Blume were grown in potted andisol supplied with N as NH4NO3 solution at 0, 20 or 50 kg ha-1 year-1 and exposed to charcoal-filtered air or O3 at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times the ambient concentration from 16 April to 22 September 2004. The O3 induced significant reductions in the whole-plant dry mass, net photosynthetic rate at 380 mmol mol-1 CO2 (A380), carboxylation efficiency (CE) and concentrations of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and total soluble protein (TSP) in the leaves. The concentrations of Rubisco and TSP were negatively correlated with the concentration of leaf acidic amino acid, suggesting that O3 enhanced the degradation of protein such as Rubisco. The N supply to the soil did not significantly change the whole-plant dry mass and A380, whereas it significantly increased the CE and concentrations of Rubisco and total amino acid. No significant interactive effects of O3 and N supply to the soil were detected on the growth, photosynthetic parameters and concentrations of protein and amino acid in the leaves. In conclusion, N supply to the soil at ≤50 kg ha-1 year-1 does not significantly change the sensitivity to O3 of growth and net photosynthesis of Fagus crenata seedlings. 戻る トップページへ 以下、広告です。
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1. Yonekura, T., Honda, Y., Oksanen, E., Yoshidome, M., Watanabe, M., Funada, R., Koike, T. and Izuta, T. (2001) The influences of ozone and soil water stress, singly and in combination, on leaf gas exchange rates, leaf ultrastructural characteristics and annual ring width of Fagus crenata seedlings. Journal of Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 36, No. 6, 333-351. Abstract The effects of ozone (O3) and soil water stress, singly and in combination, on leaf gas exchange rates, leaf ultrastructural characteristics and annual ring width of Fagus crenataseedlings were investigated. Three-year-old seedlings were exposed to charcoal-filtered air ( 5 nmol mol-1 O3) or 60 nmol mol-1 O3 7 hours per day (11 00~18 00), for 156 days from 10 May to 12 October 1999 in naturally-lit growth chambers at 20/15℃ (day/night). During the same period, half of the seedlings in each gas treatment received 250 mL of water at the 3-day-intervals (well-watered treatment), while the rest received 175 mL of water at the same intervals (water-stressed treatment). The long-term and mild soil water stress induced significant reductions in leaf water potential after July, and then the net photosynthetic rate at 350 μmol mol-1 CO2 (A350), stomatal diffusive conductance to water vapor and transpiration rate were significantly reduced after August. In addition, the diameter of plastoglobuli in the chloroplasts was significantly increased by the soil water stress. The O3 caused significant reductions in A350, maximum net photosynthetic rate at saturated CO2-concentaration (Amax), carboxylation efficiency of photosynthesis (CE) and dark-adapted maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm). The O3-induced reduction in the net photosynthetic rate was firstly due to the reduction in the quantity and/or activity of RuBP carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), and then due to the reductions in the regeneration rate of RuBP and activity of photochemical system in the chloroplasts. Furthermore, the size of starch grain in the chloroplasts and annual ring width were significantly reduced, whereas the diameter of plastoglobuli was significantly increased by O3. No significant interaction between O3 and soil water stress were observed with the leaf gas exchange rate, leaf water potential, ultrastructural characteristics of leaf mesophyll tissue and annual ring width throughout the one-growing period. Based on the results of the present study, we concluded that the photosynthesis and structural characteristics of Faguscrenata are affected by ambient levels of O3 and long-term mild water stress, and these two stresses are related to the decline of this tree in Japanese mountainous areas such as Tanzawa Mountains in Kanagawa Prefecture. 戻る トップページへ 以下、広告です。
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4. Watanabe, M., Yamaguchi, M., Iwasaki, M., Matsuo, N., Naba, J., Tabe, C., Matsumura, H., Kohno, Y. and Izuta, T. (2006) Effects of ozone and/or nitrogen load on the growth of Larix kaempferi, Pinus densifloraand Cryptomeria japonica seedlings. Abstract To obtain basic information on the critical levels of O3 for the protection of Japanese coniferous forests, the growth responses of Larix kaempferi, Pinus densifloraand Cryptomeria japonica seedlings to O3 under different nitrogen (N) loads were investigated. The seedlings were grown in 12 experimental treatments, which were comprised of four gas treatments (charcoal-filtered air and three levels of O3 at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times ambient concentration) in combination with three N treatments (0, 20 and 50 kg ha-1 year-1), during the two growing seasons. Although no significant interaction between O3 and N load was detected for the growth of P. densifloraand C. japonica seedlings, significant interaction between O3 and N load for the growth of L. kaempferiseedlings was found at the end of the second growing season. The N load reduced the sensitivity of growth of L. kaempferi seedlings to O3. Critical levels of O3 expressed as AOT40 for one growing season from April to September, corresponding to a 10% reduction in the whole-plant dry mass increment, were evaluated to be 28 (N0), 29 (N20) and 53 (N50) µmol mol-1 h in L. kaempferi, 38 µmol mol-1 h in P. densiflora and 111 µmol mol-1 h in C. japonica. In the three tree species, a high correlation was found between the sensitivity to O3 of the whole-plant dry mass increment and that of the total net photosynthetic rate (Atotal), expressed as the product of needle dry mass and net photosynthetic rate in the summer of the second growing season. It was concluded that N deposition must be taken into account in the evaluation of the critical level of O3 for the protection of L. kaempferiforests. The Atotal can be used as an indexical plant factor for estimating the sensitivity to O3 of Japanese coniferous forest tree species under different N loads. 戻る トップページへ 以下、広告です。
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3. Watanabe, M., Yonekura, T., Honda, Y., Yoshidome, M., Nakaji, T. and Izuta, T. (2005) Effects of ozone and soil water stress, singly and in combination, on leaf antioxidative systems of Fagus crenata seedlings. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology, Vol. 60, No. 6, 1105-1108. Abstract The effects of O3 and/or chronic mild water stress on photosynthetic characteristics and leaf antioxidative systems of Fagus crenata seedlings were investigated. The seedlings were exposed to charcoal-filtered air or 60 nmol mol-1 O3 for two growing seasons. In each gas treatment, the seedlings were received 250 ml (well-watered) or 175 ml (water-stressed) of water at 3-day intervals during the growth period. The O3 significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate, Rubisco concentration and chlorophyll concentration without stomatal closure, and significantly increased ascorbate concentration in the leaves of the seedlings. On the other hand, the water stress significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate and stomatal diffusive conductance to water vapor without significant reductions in the concentrations of Rubisco and chlorophyll, and significantly increased glutathione concentration in the leaves of the seedlings. Significant antagonistic effects of O3 and water stress were detected on net photosynthetic rate of the seedlings in September and October. In conclusion, because chronic mild water stress induces not only stomatal closure, but also increase of leaf glutathione concentration, the extent of the negative effects of O3 on net photosynthesis of Fagus crenata is less under the water-stressed condition than under the well-watered condition. 戻る トップページへ 以下、広告です。
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論文 1.厳網林,一ノ瀬友博,丹治三則,2011,緩和と適応の統合とベストミックスによる気候変動と環境のパラダイムシフト,KEIO SFC Journal, 11(1), 69-82. 2.岡寺智大,渡辺正孝,奥島憲次,稲田雄二,丹治三則(2010)水および窒素のマテリアルフローに着目した宮古島のバイオエタノールの蒸留残渣液の農地還元に関する研究.環境システム研究論文発表会講演集, 38, 395-400 3.Kazunori Tanji, Masataka Watanabe, Shi Minjun, Nobuhiro Okamoto, The economic and environmental impact of investment to water treatment technology with interregional Input Output analysis in China, 17th International Input-output Conference in Sao Paulo, Brazil, July 13-17, 200 4.Tomohiro Okadera, Kazunori Tanji,Masataka Watanabe, Multi-Scale Inventory of Water Demand and Water Pollutant Discharge Conducted by Integrating an Inter-regional Input-Output Analysis Model with GIS for Management of the Tokyo Bay Basin Area, 12th International Conference on Integrated Diffuse Pollution Management, 2008 5.Nakayama, T., Watanabe, K., Tanji, K., and Morioka, T. Effect of underground urban structure on coastal environment in Tokyo Bay, Japan., Volume 373, Issue 1, 1 February 2007, Pages 270-288 6.Emma Payawan Abasolo, Kazunori Tanji,Osamu Saito,Takanori Matsui,Tohru Morioka MEASURING THE CONTRIBUTION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES TO URBAN QUALITY OF LIFE Environmental system research, 2006. 7.梶本尚子,丹治三則,齊藤修,盛岡通流域圏における都市‐農村連携型の農村地域将来シナリオ研究,環境システム研究論文集土木学会環境システム委員会,Vol.34、pp.545-551,2006年 8. 杉谷啓行,丹治三則,盛岡通,斉藤修,シナリオアプローチに基づいた自然共生型の生物保全施策の立案と評価に関する研究環境情報科学論文集Vol.19, 187-192, 2005 9.加藤文昭 丹治三則 盛岡通,流域圏におけるシナリオ設計システムの構築に関する研究.環境システム研究論文集 土木学会環境システム委員会,Vol.32,391-402,2004 10.丹治三則,山本洋之,盛岡通,自然共生流域圏マネジメントにおける有機物循環の政策設計と評価システム,環境システム研究論文集Vol.32,91-100,2004 11.丹治三則,藤田壮,盛岡通,流域圏でのシナリオ誘導型の施策立案と評価を支援する地理情報システムに関する研究,環境システム研究論文集 土木学会環境システム委員会,Vol.31, 367-377,2003 会議報告 1.渡辺正孝,丹治三則,里山・里地・里海の生態系サービス評価モデルの構築 外部資金獲得状況 1.都市・流域圏における自然共生型水・物質循環の再生と生態系評価技術開発に関する研究、環境技術開発等推進費(自然共生流域圏都市再生技術)、H18年 2.都市・圏域における熱・エネルギーの地域環境フラックスの統合アセスメントモデルの構築、環境省地球局、地球環境研究総合推進費、H19年~H21年 3.東アジア・国土・都市圏のマルチスケール環境フラックス解析システムに関する研究委託業務、環境省総合政策局,環境技術開発等推進費,H19年~H22年、 4.「里山・里地・里海の生態系サービスの評価と新たなコモンズによる自然共生社会の再構築」 環境省地球局、地球環境研究総合推進費 H21年~H23年 5.「豊かな沿岸環境回復のための閉鎖性海域水環境保全中長期ビジョンの策定に向けた対策効果検討調査」、H19年度~H21年度、環境省水・大気局 6.バイオマス持続利用への環境管理技術開発、文部科学技術省振興調整費,H19年~H21年 7.未来社会創造型環境イノベーター育成,文部科学省科学技術振興調整費,H22年~ 8.テニュアトラック普及・定着事業,科学技術振興事業団,科学技術システム改革事業,H22年~ 9.環境省 10.科研費
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ベスト・バリュー制度では、各地方自治体における現行サービスの水準の評価や改善目標の設定においては、業績指標(Performance Indicators; PIs)が用いられ、ベスト・バリュー制度の理念に基づいて設定された業績指標を特に、ベスト・バリュー・パフォーマンス・インディケーター (Best Value Performance Indicators; BVPIs)と呼んでいる。業績指標の利用により、行政側、住民側の双方が自らの行政サービスを客観的に評価できるようになり、また、他の地方自治体との比較も可能となる。 業績指標はベスト・バリュー制度以前の1992年から設定されているが、ベスト・バリュー制度が導入された2000年度には、国が公式に定めた業績指標が224項目(一層制の地方自治体で対象となるのは179、カウンティ・カウンシルでは136、ディストリクト・カウンシルでは93)あったほか、各地方自治体が独自に設定した業績指標が採用されていた。政府は年に1度、BVPIsの改廃、新設について協議書の形で案を出し、地方自治体及び関係団体から意見を募り、その結果を考慮した上で、その年度のBVPIsを決定していた。2001年度には、地方自治体からベスト・バリュー制度実施の負担が大きいため、業績指標の簡素化の要望が強く、BVPIsは166項目(一層制の地方自治体では122、カウンティ・カウンシルでは104、ディストリクト・カウンシルでは66)と大幅に減少した。2007年のBVPIsの数は81であり、2000年当初から約77%減少した。一方で、これまで、中央政府が地方自治体やそのパートナーが提供する行政サービスの業績を管理する指標として、BVPIsを含む約1200の指標が存在していたが、2007年10月、政府は、これらに置き換わる新たな指標として、198項目(*1)の全国統一指標(National Indicators Set NIS)を発表した。これは、地方自治体が単独もしくはパートナーシップにより、中央政府に業績を報告する際の唯一の指標となり、包括的業績評価制度(CPA)に代わって2009年4月から導入された「包括的地域評価制度(Comprehensive Area Agreement;CAA)」の運用に組み込まれた。また、2008年4月以降、「地域協定(Local Area Agreements;LAAs)」の運用の中にも組み込まれている。(1-7(1)参照) 【図表9-2 National Indicators Set NISの一例】 分野 指標の一例 強固で安全なコミュニティ ・公立図書館の利用率 ・地方自治体や警察組織による、反社会的行動及び犯罪に対する地域住民の懸念への対処状況 子供と若者 ・子供の間でのいじめ発生状況 ・中学校における長期欠席率 成人の健康と福利、社会的疎外への取り組みと平等の促進 ・全ての年齢、死因を考慮に入れた総合的な死亡率 ・学習障害者が被雇用者に占める割合 地域経済と環境の持続可能性 ・地域全体の雇用率 ・地方自治体の業務による二酸化炭素(CO2)排出量削減率 出典:http //www.communities.gov.uk/publications/localgovernment/finalnationalindicators
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8. Watanabe, M. , Yamaguchi, M., Matsumura, H., Kohno, Y. and Izuta, T. (2008) Effects of ozone on growth and photosynthesis of Castanopsis sieboldii seedlings grown in different nitrogen loads. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology, Vol. 24, No. 3. 143-155 Abstract To obtain basic data for evaluating the critical levels of ozone (O3) for protecting Japanese evergreen broad-leaved tree species, we investigated the effects of O3 on the growth and net photosynthesis of Castanopsis sieboldii seedlings grown under different nitrogen (N) loads. Two-year-old seedlings were grown in 12 experimental treatments, which were comprised of four gas treatments (charcoal-filtered air and three levels of O3 at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times the ambient concentration) in combination with three N treatments (0, 20 and 50 kg ha-1 year-1) in open-top chambers during the two growing seasons. The net photosynthetic rate and the whole-plant dry mass of the seedlings were reduced by exposure to O3, while were increased by N load. No significant interaction between O3 and the N load for the whole-plant dry mass of the seedlings was observed. The N load increased the sensitivity of net photosynthetic rate to O3 during the first and second growing seasons. However, the increase in the area of second-flush leaves during the second growing season compensated for the O3-induced reduction in the net photosynthetic rate of the seedlings grown under relatively high N load. We concluded that the N load to the soil at ≤50 kg ha-1 year-1 has no influence on the sensitivity of the whole-plant dry mass of C. sieboldii seedlings to O3. Based on the relationship between AOT40 (accumulated exposure over a threshold of 40 nmol mol-1) of O3 during the daylight hours from April to September and the whole-plant dry mass increment per one growing season, the critical level of O3 for C. sieboldii, which was expressed as AOT40 for one growing season and corresponding to a 5% reduction in the whole-plant dry mass increment, was evaluated as 22 µmol mol-1 h. 戻る トップページへ 以下、広告です。
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2. Yonekura, T., Yoshidome, M., Watanabe, M., Honda, Y., Ogiwara, I. and Izuta, T. (2004) Carry-over effects of ozone and water stress on leaf phenological characteristics and bud frost hardiness of Fagus crenata seedlings. Trees, Vol. 18, No. 5, 581-588. Abstract We examined the carry-over effects of ozone(O3) and/or water stress on leaf phenological characteristics and bud frost hardiness of Fagus crenata seedlings. Three-year-old seedlings were exposed to charcoal-filtered air or 60 nl l-1 O3, 7 h a day, from May to October 1999 in naturally-lit growth chambers. Half of the seedlings in each gas treatment received 250 ml of water at 3-day intervals (well-watered treatment), while the rest received 175 ml of water at the same intervals (water-stressed treatment). All the seedlings were moved from the growth chambers to an experimental field on October 1999, and grown until April 2000 under field conditions. The exposure to O3 during the growing season induced early leaf fall and reduction in leaf non-structural carbohydrates concentrations in the early autumn, as well as resulting in late bud break and reduction in the number of leaves per bud in the following spring. However, O3 did not affect bud frost hardiness in the following winter. On the contrary, water stress did not affect leaf phenological characteristics, leaf and bud non-structural carbohydrates concentrations and bud frost hardiness. There were no significant synergistic or antagonistic effects of O3 and water stress on leaf phenological characteristics, concentrations of leaf and bud non-structural carbohydrates and bud frost hardiness of the seedlings. These results show that the carry-over effects of O3 can be found on the phenological characteristics and leaf non-structural carbohydrates concentrations, although there are almost no carry-over effects of water stress on phenological characteristics and winter hardiness of the seedlings. 戻る トップページへ 以下、広告です。