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Eclipseプラグインを使ったAndroidアプリケーションの作成 Eclipseプラグインを使わないAndroidアプリケーションの作成 |＃＃＃＃＃＃ここまで翻訳＃＃＃＃＃＃| Implementing Activity Callbacks Opening a New ScreenOpening a Screen Some Intent examples Returning a Result from a Screen Lifetime of the new screen Listening for Button Clicks Configuring General Window Properties Storing and Retrieving StateStoring and Retrieving Larger or More Complex Persistent Data Playing Media Files Listening For and Broadcasting Global Messages, and Setting AlarmsSending the message Receiving the message Other system messages Listening for phone events Setting Alarms Displaying AlertsNormal Alerts AlertDialog Notifications Displaying a Progress Bar Adding Your Application to the Favorites List Adding Items to the Screen MenuAdding Submenus Adding yourself to menus on other applications The offering application Display a Web Page Binding to Data Capture Images from the Phone Camera Handling Expensive Operations in the UI Thread Selecting, Highlighting, or Styling Portions of Text List of Files for an Android Application Eclipseプラグインを使ったAndroidアプリケーションの作成 Android Eclipseプラグインを使用することは、新しいAndroidアプリケーションの作成を始める最も高速で最も簡単な方法です。 プラグインは自動的にあなたのアプリケーションのために正しいプロジェクト構造を生成し、リソースを自動的にコンパイルしてくれます。 Androidアプリケーションの動作原理を理解するために、Androidアプリケーション解体新書を読んでみるのもよいでしょう。 SDKの sample/ フォルダでApiDemosアプリケーションと他のサンプルアプリケーションを見てみることもお勧めします。 最終的にはHello AndroidとNotepadのコードチュートリアルを行うことがEclipseでのAndroid開発を始めるには素敵な方法です。 特にHello Androidチュートリアルを行うことは、Eclipseで新しいAndroidアプリケーションを作成するための優れた導入方法となるでしょう。 Eclipseプラグインを使わないAndroidアプリケーションの作成 |＃＃＃＃＃＃ここまで翻訳＃＃＃＃＃＃| This topic describes the manual steps in creating an Android application. Before reading this, you should read Overview of an Android Application to understand the basics of how an Android application works. You might also want to look at the sample applications that ship with Android under the samples/ directory. Here is a list of the basic steps in building an application. 1. Create your required resource files This includes the AndroidManifest.xml global description file, string files that your application needs, and layout files describing your user interface. A full list of optional and required files and syntax details for each is given in File List for an Android Application. 2. Design your user interface See Implementing a UI for details on elements of the Android screen. 3. Implement your Activity (this page) You will create one class/file for each screen in your application. Screens will inherit from an android.app class, typically android.app.Activity for basic screens, android.app.ListActivity for list screens, or android.app.Dialog for dialog boxes. You will implement the required callbacks that let you draw your screen, query data, and commit changes, and also perform any required tasks such as opening additional screens or reading data from the device. Common tasks, such as opening a new screen or reading data from the device, are described below. The list of files you ll need for your application are described in List of Files for an Android Application. 4. Build and install your package. The Android SDK has some nice tools for generating projects and debugging code. Implementing Activity Callbacks Android calls a number of callbacks to let you draw your screen, store data before pausing, and refresh data after closing. You must implement at least some of these methods. See Lifetime of a Screen to learn when and in what order these methods are called. Here are some of the standard types of screen classes that Android provides android.app.Activity - This is a standard screen, with no specialization. android.app.ListActivity - This is a screen that is used to display a list of something. It hosts a ListView object, and exposes methods to let you identify the selected item, receive callbacks when the selected item changes, and perform other list-related actions. android.app.Dialog - This is a small, popup dialog-style window that isn t intended to remain in the history stack. (It is not resizeable or moveable by the user.) Opening a New Screen Your Activity will often need to open another Activity screen as it progresses. This new screen can be part of the same application or part of another application, the new screen can be floating or full screen, it can return a result, and you can decide whether to close this screen and remove it from the history stack when you are done with it, or to keep the screen open in history. These next sections describe all these options. Floating or full? When you open a new screen you can decide whether to make it transparent or floating, or full-screen. The choice of new screen affects the event sequence of events in the old screen (if the new screen obscures the old screen, a different series of events is called in the old screen). See Lifetime of an Activity for details. Transparent or floating windows are implemented in three standard ways Create an app.Dialog class Create an app.AlertDialog class Set the Theme_Dialog theme attribute to @android style/Theme.Dialog in your AndroidManifest.xml file. For example activity class="AddRssItem" android label="Add an item" android theme="@android style/Theme.Dialog"/ Calling startActivity() or startSubActivity() will open a new screen in whatever way it defines itself (if it uses a floating theme it will be floating, otherwise it will be full screen). Opening a Screen When you want to open a new screen, you can either explicitly specify the activity class to open, or you can let the operating system decide which screen to open, based upon the data and various parameters you pass in. A screen is opened by calling startActivity and passing in an Intent object, which specifies the criteria for the handling screen. To specify a specific screen, call Intent.setClass or setClassName with the exact activity class to open. Otherwise, set a variety of values and data, and let Android decide which screen is appropriate to open. Android will find one or zero Activities that match the specified requirements; it will never open multiple activities for a single request. More information on Intents and how Android resolves them to a specific class is given in the Intent topic. Some Intent examples The following snippet loads the com.google.android.samples.Animation1 class, and passes it some arbitrary data. Intent myIntent = new Intent(); myIntent.component = "com.google.android.samples.Animation1"; myIntent.putExtra("com.google.android.samples.SpecialValue", "Hello, Joe!"); // key/value pair, where key needs current package prefix. startActivity(myIntent); The next snippet requests that a Web page be opened by specifying the VIEW action, and a URI data string starting with "http //" schema Intent myIntent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW", "http //www.google.com"); myIntent.putExtra("com.google.android.samples.SpecialValue", "Hello, Joe!"); // key/value pair, where key needs current package prefix. Here is the intent filter from the AndroidManifest.xml file for com.google.android.browser intent-filter action value="android.intent.action.VIEW" / category value="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" / scheme value="http" / scheme value="https" / scheme value="file" / /intent-filter Android defines a number of standard values, for instance the action constants defined by Intent. You can define custom values, but both the caller and handler must use them. See the intent-filter tag description in AndroidManifest.xml File Details for more information on the manifest syntax for the handling application. Returning a Result from a Screen A window can return a result after it closes. This result will be passed back into the calling Activity s onActivityResult() method, which can supply an integer result code, a string of data, and a Bundle of arbitrary data, along with the request code passed to startSubActivity(). Note that you must call the startSubActivity() method that accepts a request code parameter to get this callback. The following code demonstrates opening a new screen and retrieving a result. // Open the new screen. public void onClick(View v){ // Start the activity whose result we want to retrieve. The // result will come back with request code GET_CODE. Intent intent = new Intent(this, com.example.app.ChooseYourBoxer.class); startSubActivity(intent, CHOOSE_FIGHTER); } // Listen for results. protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, String data, Bundle extras){ // See which child activity is calling us back. switch (resultCode) { case CHOOSE_FIGHTER // This is the standard resultCode that is sent back if the // activity crashed or didn t doesn t supply an explicit result. if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED){ myMessageboxFunction("Fight cancelled"); } else { myFightFunction(data, extras); } default break; } } // Class SentResult // Temporary screen to let the user choose something. private OnClickListener mLincolnListener = new OnClickListener(){ public void onClick(View v) { Bundle stats = new Bundle(); stats.putString("height","6\ 4\""); stats.putString("weight", "190 lbs"); stats.putString("reach", "74\""); setResult(RESULT_OK, "Lincoln", stats); finish(); } }; private OnClickListener mWashingtonListener = new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v){ Bundle stats = new Bundle(); stats.putString("height","6\ 2\""); stats.putString("weight", "190 lbs"); stats.putString("reach", "73\""); setResult(RESULT_OK, "Washington", Bundle); finish(); } }; Lifetime of the new screen An activity can remove itself from the history stack by calling Activity.finish() on itself, or the activity that opened the screen can call Activity.finishSubActivity() on any screens that it opens to close them. Listening for Button Clicks Button click and other UI event capturing are covered in Listening for UI Notifications on the UI Design page. Configuring General Window Properties You can set a number of general window properties, such as whether to display a title, whether the window is floating, and whether it displays an icon, by calling methods on the Window member of the underlying View object for the window. Examples include calling getWindow().requestFeature() (or the convenience method requestWindowFeature(some_feature)) to hide the title. Here is an example of hiding the title bar //Hide the title bar requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE); Storing and Retrieving State If your application is dumped from memory because of space concerns, it will lose all user interface state information such as checkbox state and text box values as well as class member values. Android calls Activity.onFreeze before it pauses the application. This method hands in a Bundle that can be used to store name/value pairs that will persist and be handed back to the application even if it is dropped from memory. Android will pass this Bundle back to you when it calls onCreate(). This Bundle only exists while the application is still in the history stack (whether or not it has been removed from memory) and will be lost when the application is finalized. See the topics for onFreeze(Bundle) and onCreate(Bundle) for examples of storing and retrieving state. Read more about the life cycle of an application in Lifetime of an Activity. Storing and Retrieving Larger or More Complex Persistent Data Your application can store files or complex collection objects, and reserve them for private use by itself or other activities in the application, or it can expose its data to all other applications on the device. See Storing, Retrieving, and Exposing Data to learn how to store and retrieve private data, how to store and retrieve common data from the device, and how to expose your private data to other applications. Playing Media Files Please see the document Android Media APIs for more details. Listening For and Broadcasting Global Messages, and Setting Alarms You can create a listening class that can be notified or even instantiated whenever a specific type of system message is sent. The listening classes, called intent receivers, extend IntentReceiver. If you want Android to instantiate the object whenever an appropriate intent notification is sent, define the receiver with a receiver element in the AndroidManifext.xml file. If the caller is expected to instantiate the object in preparation to receive a message, this is not required. The receiver will get a call to their IntentReceiver.onReceiveIntent() method. A receiver can define an intent-filter tag that describes the types of messages it will receive. Just as Android s IntentResolver will look for appropriate Activity matches for a startActivity() call, it will look for any matching Receivers (but it will send the message to all matching receiver, not the "best" match). To send a notification, the caller creates an Intent object and calls Activity.broadcastIntent() with that Intent. Multiple recipients can receive the same message. You can broadcast an Intent message to an intent receiver in any application, not only your own. If the receiving class is not registered using receiver in its manifest, you can dynamically instantiate and register a receiver by calling Context.registerReceiver(). Receivers can include intent filters to specify what kinds of intents they are listening for. Alternatively, if you expect a single known caller to contact a single known receiver, the receiver does not specify an intent filter, and the caller specifies the receiver s class name in the Intent by calling Intent.setClassName() with the recipient s class name. The recipient receives a Context object that refers to its own package, not to the package of the sender. Note If a receiver or broadcaster enforces permissions, your application might need to request permission to send or receive messages from that object. You can request permission by using the uses-permission tag in the manifest. Here is a code snippet of a sender and receiver. This example does not demonstrate registering receivers dynamically. For a full code example, see the AlarmService class in the ApiDemos project. Sending the message // We are sending this to a specific recipient, so we will // only specify the recipient class name. Intent intent = new Intent(this, AlarmReceiver.class); intent.putExtra("message","Wake up."); broadcastIntent(intent); Receiving the message Receiver AndroidManifest.xml (because there is no intent filter child, this class will only receive a broadcast when the receiver class is specified by name, as is done in this example) receiver class=".AlarmReceiver" / Receiver Java code public class AlarmReceiver extends IntentReceiver{ // Display an alert that we ve received a message. @Override public void onReceiveIntent(Context context, Intent intent){ // Send a text notification to the screen. NotificationManager nm = (NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE); nm.notifyWithText(R.id.alarm, "Alarm!!!", NotificationManager.LENGTH_SHORT, null); } } Other system messages You can listen for other system messages sent by Android as well, such as USB connection/removal messages, SMS arrival messages, and timezone changes. See Intent for a list of broadcast messages to listen for. Messages are marked "Broadcast Action" in the documentation. Listening for phone events The telephony package overview page describes how to register to listen for phone events. Setting Alarms Android provides an AlarmManager service that will let you specify an Intent to send at a designated time. This intent is typically used to start an application at a preset time. (Note If you want to send a notification to a sleeping or running application, use Handler instead.) Displaying Alerts There are two major kinds of alerts that you may display to the user (1) Normal alerts are displayed in response to a user action, such as trying to perform an action that is not allowed. (2) Out-of-band alerts, called notifications, are displayed as a result of something happening in the background, such as the user receiving new e-mail. Normal Alerts Android provides a number of ways for you to show popup notifications to your user as they interact with your application. Class Description app.AlertDialogorContext.showAlert() A popup alert dialog with two buttons (typically OK and Cancel) that take callback handlers. It can be created separately, or launched using the Application helper method Context.showAlert(). See the section after this table for more details. ProgressDialog A dialog box used to indicate progress of an operation with a known progress value or an indeterminate length (setProgress(bool)). See Views Progress Bar in ApiDemos for examples. Activity By setting the theme of an activity to android theme="android style/Theme.Dialog", your activity will take on the appearance of a normal dialog, floating on top of whatever was underneath it. You usually set the theme through the android theme attribute in your AndroidManifest.xml. The advantage of this over Dialog and AlertDialog is that Application has a much better managed lifecycle than dialogs if a dialog goes to the background and is killed, you cannot recapture state, whereas Application exposes a Bundle of saved values in onCreate() to help you maintain state. AlertDialog This is a basic warning dialog box that lets you configure a message, button text, and callback. You can create one by calling the Application helper method Context.showAlert(), as shown here. private Handler mHandler = new Handler() { public void handleMessage(Message msg) { switch (msg.what) { case ACCEPT_CALL answer(msg.obj); break; case BOUNCE_TO_VOICEMAIL voicemail(msg.obj); break; } } }; private void IncomingMotherInlawCall(Connection c) { String Text; // "Answer" callback. Message acceptMsg = Message.obtain(); acceptMsg.target = mHandler; acceptMsg.what = ACCEPT_CALL; acceptMsg.obj = c.getCall(); // "Cancel" callback. Message rejectMsg = Message.obtain(); rejectMsg.target = mHandler; rejectMsg.what = BOUNCE_TO_VOICEMAIL; rejectMsg.obj = c.getCall(); showAlert(null, "Phyllis is calling", "Answer", acceptMsg, true, rejectMsg); } Notifications Out-of-band alerts should always be displayed using the NotificationManager, which allows you to tell the user about something they may be interested in without disrupting what they are currently doing. A notification can be anything from a brief pop-up box informing the user of the new information, through displaying a persistent icon in the status bar, to vibrating, playing sounds, or flashing lights to get the user s attention. In all cases, the user must explicitly shift their focus to the notification before they can interact with it. The following code demonstrates using NotificationManager to display a basic text popup when a new SMS message arrives in a listening service, and provides the current message count. You can see several more examples in the ApiDemos application, under app/ (named notification*.java). static void setNewMessageIndicator(Context context, int messageCount){ // Get the static global NotificationManager object. NotificationManager nm = NotificationManager.getDefault(); // If we re being called because a new message has been received, // then display an icon and a count. Otherwise, delete the persistent // message. if (messageCount 0) { nm.notifyWithText(myApp.NOTIFICATION_GUID, // ID for this notification. messageCount + " new message" + messageCount 1 ? "s" "", // Text to display. NotificationManager.LENGTH_SHORT); // Show it for a short time only. } } To display a notification in the status bar and have it launch an intent when the user selects it (such as the new text message notification does), call NotificationManager.notify(), and pass in vibration patterns, status bar icons, or Intents to associate with the notification. Displaying a Progress Bar An activity can display a progress bar to notify the user that something is happening. To display a progress bar in a screen, call Activity.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_PROGRESS). To set the value of the progress bar, call Activity.getWindow().setFeatureInt(Window.FEATURE_PROGRESS, level). Progress bar values are from 0 to 9,999, or set the value to 10,000 to make the progress bar invisible. You can also use the ProgressDialog class, which enables a dialog box with an embedded progress bar to send a "I m working on it" notification to the user. Adding Your Application to the Favorites List You can t. Only a user can add an application to the Favorites list. Adding Items to the Screen Menu Every Android screen has a default menu with default options, such as adding the activity to the favorites menu. You can add your own menu entries to the default menu options by implementing Activity.onCreateOptionsMenu or Activity.onPrepareOptionsMenu(), and adding Item objects to the Menu passed in. To handle clicks implement Activity.onOptionsItemSelected() to handle the click in your Activity class. You may also pass the Item object a handler class that implements the Runnable class (a handler) but this is less efficient and discouraged. An application receives a callback at startup time to enable it to populate its menu. Additionally, it receives callbacks each time the user displays the options menu to let you perform some contextual modifications on the menu. To populate the menu on startup, override Activity.onCreateOptionsMenu; to populate it when the menu is called (somewhat less efficient), you can override Activity.onPrepareOptionsMenu(). Each Activity has its own menu list. Menu items are displayed in the order added, though you can group them as described in the Menu.add documentation. The following code snippet adds three items to the default menu options and handles them through the overridden Activity.onOptionsItemSelected() method. You can show or hide menu items by calling setItemShown() or setGroupShown(). // Called only the first time the options menu is displayed. // Create the menu entries. // Menu adds items in the order shown. @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu); // Parameters for menu.add are // group -- Not used here. // id -- Used only when you want to handle and identify the click yourself. // title menu.add(0, 0, "Zoom"); menu.add(0, 1, "Settings"); menu.add(0, 2, "Other"); return true; } // Activity callback that lets your handle the selection in the class. // Return true to indicate that you ve got it, false to indicate // that it should be handled by a declared handler object for that // item (handler objects are discouraged for reasons of efficiency). @Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(Menu.Item item){ switch (item.getId()) { case 0 showAlert("Menu Item Clicked", "Zoom", "ok", null, false, null); return true; case 1 showAlert("Menu Item Clicked", "Settings", "ok", null, false, null); return true; case 2 showAlert("Menu Item Clicked", "Other", "ok", null, false, null); return true; } return false; } You can add key shortcuts by calling the Item.setAlphabeticShortcut() or Item.setNumericShortcut() methods, as demonstrated here to add a "C" shortcut to a menu item thisItem.setAlphabeticShortcut(0, c ); Adding Submenus Add a submenu by calling Menu.addSubMenu(), which returns a SubMenu object. You can then add additional items to this menu. Menus can only be one level deep, and you can customize the appearance of the submenu menu item. @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu); // Parameters for menu.add are // group -- Not used here. // id -- Used only when you want to handle and identify the click yourself. // title menu.add(0, 0, "Send message"); menu.add(0, 1, "Settings"); menu.add(0, 2, "Local handler"); menu.add(0, 3, "Launch contact picker"); // Add our submenu. SubMenu sub = menu.addSubMenu(1, 4, "Days of the week"); sub.add(0, 5, "Monday"); sub.add(0, 6, "Tuesday"); sub.add(0, 7, "Wednesday"); sub.add(0, 8, "Thursday"); sub.add(0, 9, "Friday"); sub.add(0, 10, "Saturday"); sub.add(0, 11, "Sunday"); return true; } Adding yourself to menus on other applications You can also advertise your Activity s services so that other Activities can add your activity to their own option menu. For example, suppose you implement a new image handling tool that shrinks an image to a smaller size and you would like to offer this as a menu option to any other Activity that handles pictures. To do this, you would exposes your capabilities inside an intent filter in your manifest. If another application that handles photos asks Android for any Activities that can perform actions on pictures, Android will perform intent resolution, find your Activity, and add it to the other Activity s options menu. The offering application The application offering the service must include an intent-filter element in the manifest, inside the activity tag of the offering Activity. The intent filter includes all the details describing what it can do, such as a type element that describes the MIME type of data that it can handle, a custom action value that describes what your handling application can do (this is so that when it receives the Intent on opening it knows what it is expected to do), and most important, include a category filter with the value android.intent.category.ALTERNATIVE and/or android.intent.category.SELECTED_ALTERNATIVE (SELECTED_ALTERNATIVE is used to handle only the currently selected element on the screen, rather than the whole Activity intent. Here s an example of a snip of a manifest that advertises picture shrinking technology for both selected items and the whole screen. activity class="PictureShrink" !-- Handling class -- intent-filter label="Shrink picture" !-- Menu label to display -- action value="com.example.sampleapp.SHRINK_IT" / type value="image/*" / !-- MIME type for generic images -- category value="android.intent.category.ALTERNATIVE " / category value="android.intent.category.SELECTED_ALTERNATIVE" / /intent-filter /activity The menu-displaying application An application that wants to display a menu that includes any additional external services must, first of all, handle its menu creation callback. As part of that callback it creates an intent with the category Intent.ALTERNATIVE_CATEGORY and/or Intent.SELECTED_ALTERNATIVE, the MIME type currently selected, and any other requirements, the same way as it would satisfy an intent filter to open a new Activity. It then calls menu.addIntentOptions() to have Android search for and add any services meeting those requirements. It can optionally add additional custom menu items of its own. You should implement SELECTED_ALTERNATIVE in onPrepareOptionsMenu() rather than onCreateOptionsMenu(), because the user s selection can change after the application is launched. Here s a code snippet demonstrating how a picture application would search for additional services to display on its menu. @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu){ super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu); // Create an Intent that describes the requirements to fulfill to be included // in our menu. The offering app must include a category value of Intent.ALTERNATIVE_CATEGORY. Intent intent = new Intent(null, getIntent().getData()); intent.addCategory(Intent.ALTERNATIVE_CATEGORY); // Search for, and populate the menu with, acceptable offering applications. menu.addIntentOptions( 0, // Group 0, // Any unique IDs we might care to add. MySampleClass.class.getName(), // Name of the class displaying the menu--here, its this class. null, // No specifics. intent, // Previously created intent that describes our requirements. 0, // No flags. null); // No specifics. return true; } Display a Web Page Use the webkit.WebView object. Binding to Data You can bind a ListView to a set of underlying data by using a shim class called ListAdapter (or a subclass). ListAdapter subclasses bind to a variety of data sources, and expose a common set of methods such as getItem() and getView(), and uses them to pick View items to display in its list. You can extend ListAdapter and override getView() to create your own custom list items. There are essentially only two steps you need to perform to bind to data 1. Create a ListAdapter object and specify its data source 2. Give the ListAdapter to your ListView object. That s it! Here s an example of binding a ListActivity screen to the results from a cursor query. (Note that the setListAdapter() method shown is a convenience method that gets the page s ListView object and calls setAdapter() on it.) // Run a query and get a Cursor pointing to the results. Cursor c = People.query(this.getContentResolver(), null); startManagingCursor(c); // Create the ListAdapter. A SimpleCursorAdapter lets you specify two interesting things // an XML template for your list item, and // The column to map to a specific item, by ID, in your template. ListAdapter adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, // Use a template that displays a text view c, // Give the cursor to the list adapter new String[] {People.NAME} , // Map the NAME column in the people database to... new String[] {"text1"}); // The "text1" view defined in the XML template setListAdapter(adapter); See view/List4 in the ApiDemos project for an example of extending ListAdapter for a new data type. Capture Images from the Phone Camera You can hook into the device s camera onto your own Canvas object by using the CameraDevice class. See that class s documentation, and the ApiDemos project s Camera Preview application (Graphics/Camera Preview) for example code. Handling Expensive Operations in the UI Thread Avoid performing long-running operations (such as network I/O) directly in the UI thread — the main thread of an application where the UI is run — or your application may be blocked and become unresponsive. Here is a brief summary of the recommended approach for handling expensive operations 1. Create a Handler object in your UI thread 2. Spawn off worker threads to perform any required expensive operations 3. Post results from a worker thread back to the UI thread s handler either through a Runnable or a Message 4. Update the views on the UI thread as needed The following outline illustrates a typical implementation public class MyActivity extends Activity { [ . . . ] // Need handler for callbacks to the UI thread final Handler mHandler = new Handler(); // Create runnable for posting final Runnable mUpdateResults = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { updateResultsInUi(); } }; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle icicle) { super.onCreate(icicle); [ . . . ] } protected void startLongRunningOperation() { // Fire off a thread to do some work that we shouldn t do directly in the UI thread Thread t = new Thread() { public void run() { mResults = doSomethingExpensive(); mHandler.post(mUpdateResults); } }; t.start(); } private void updateResultsInUi() { // Back in the UI thread -- update our UI elements based on the data in mResults [ . . . ] } } For further discussions on this topic, see Developing Responsive Applications and the Handler documentation. Selecting, Highlighting, or Styling Portions of Text You can highlight or style the formatting of strings or substrings of text in a TextView object. There are two ways to do this If you use a string resource, you can add some simple styling, such as bold or italic using HTML notation. So, for example, in res/values/strings.xml you could declare this resource string id="@+id/styled_welcome_message" We are b i so /i /b glad to see you. /string /resources To style text on the fly, or to add highlighting or more complex styling, you must use the Spannable object as described next. To style text on the fly, you must make sure the TextView is using Spannable storage for the text (this will always be true if the TextView is an EditText), retrieve its text with getText(), and call setSpan(Object, int, int, int), passing in a new style class from the android.text.style package and the selection range. The following code snippet demonstrates creating a string with a highlighted section, italic section, and bold section, and adding it to an EditText object. // Get our EditText object. EditText vw = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.text); // Set the EditText s text. vw.setText("Italic, highlighted, bold."); // If this were just a TextView, we could do // vw.setText("Italic, highlighted, bold.", TextView.BufferType.SPANNABLE); // to force it to use Spannable storage so styles can be attached. // Or we could specify that in the XML. // Get the EditText s internal text storage Spannable str = vw.getText(); // Create our span sections, and assign a format to each. str.setSpan(new StyleSpan(android.graphics.Typeface.ITALIC), 0, 7, Spannable.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE); str.setSpan(new BackgroundColorSpan(0xFFFFFF00), 8, 19, Spannable.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE); str.setSpan(new StyleSpan(android.graphics.Typeface.BOLD), 21, str.length() - 1, Spannable.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE); List of Files for an Android Application The following list describes the structure and files of an Android application. Many of these files can be built for you (or stubbed out) by the activityCreator.py application shipped in the tools/ menu of the SDK. See Building an Android Sample Application for more information on using activityCreator.py. MyApp/ AndroidManifest.xml (required) Advertises the screens that this application provides, where they can be launched (from the main program menu or elsewhere), any content providers it implements and what kind of data they handle, where the implementation classes are, and other application-wide information. Syntax details for this file are described in AndroidManifest.xml. src//myPackagePath/.../MyClass.java (required) This folder holds all the source code files for your application, inside the appropriate package subfolders. res/ (required) This folder holds all the resources for your application. Resources are external data files or description files that are compiled into your code at build time. Files in different folders are compiled differently, so you must put the proper resource into the proper folder. (See Resources for details.) anim/animation1.xml... (optional) Holds any animation XML description files that the application uses. The format of these files is described in Resources. drawable/some_picture.pngsome_stretchable.9.pngsome_background.xml... (optional) Zero or more files that will be compiled to android.graphics.drawable resources. Files can be image files (png, gif, or other) or XML files describing other graphics such as bitmaps, stretchable bitmaps, or gradients. Supported bitmap file formats are PNG (preferred), JPG, and GIF (discouraged), as well as the custom 9-patch stretchable bitmap format. These formats are described in Resources. layout/screen_1_layout.xml... (optional) Holds all the XML files describing screens or parts of screens. Although you could create a screen in Java, defining them in XML files is typically easier. A layout file is similar in concept to an HTML file that describes the screen layout and components. See Implementing a UI for more information about designing screens, and Layout Resources for the syntax of these files. values/arraysclasses.xmlcolors.xmldimens.xmlstrings.xmlstyles.xmlvalues.xml (optional) XML files describing additional resources such as strings, colors, and styles. The naming, quantity, and number of these files are not enforced--any XML file is compiled, but these are the standard names given to these files. However, the syntax of these files is prescribed by Android, and described in Resources. xml/ (optional) XML files that can be read at run time on the device. raw/ (optional) Any files to be copied directly to the device.
https://w.atwiki.jp/tdnki/pages/28.html
ビルドターゲットに[Google APIs]を指定してプロジェクトを作成。 AndroidManifest.xmlファイルで、mapsパッケージの利用を application 要素内で宣言する。 uses-library android name="com.google.android.maps" / 地図情報の取得にインターネットアクセスが必要なので、これを manifest 要素内で宣言する。 uses-permission android name="android.permission.INTERNET" / レイアウトのXMLファイルにMapViewを定義する ?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"? com.google.android.maps.MapView xmlns android="http //schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android id="@+id/mapview" android layout_width="fill_parent" android layout_height="fill_parent" android clickable="true" android apiKey="ここにAPIキー" / APIキー取得方法 メインActivityは[MapActivity]を継承させる。
https://w.atwiki.jp/ohden/pages/363.html
BUSYBOX 環境 Android 2.1 BUSYBOX http //www.busybox.net/ http //busybox.net/downloads/busybox-1.18.4.tar.bz2 更新日： 2011年03月24日 (木) 17時01分55秒 名前 コメント すべてのコメントを見る
https://w.atwiki.jp/okamo_sec/pages/17.html
Android OSにおける機能や情報アクセス制御機構の提案 川端 秀明* 磯原 隆将* 竹森 敬祐* 窪田 歩* 可児 潤也 上松 晴信 西垣 正勝 (*KDDI, 静岡大学) http //id.nii.ac.jp/1001/00077923/ に対する考察、時間があれば実現方法などを掲載していく所存です。 論文のまとめ 背景 Android OSではAndroid Marketからダウンロードした アプリケーションをインストールする際アプリケーションの実行権限を承認する(パーミッションの許可) ことでアプリケーションインストールの可否を行うが、 一度アプリケーションをインストールするとその後の挙動についてユーザは知ることができない。 そのため、内部でどのような動作をしているかわからず管理者権限奪取や個人情報の流出が起こりうる。 これに対し本論文では、実行中アプリケーションの情報アクセス、機能をフックするようAndroid Frameworkを書き換えることでリアルタイムにその挙動を制御できるようにしようとする。 何でこんなことが起きるのか（私の憶測です。） 学部生なので当たり前のことも書きます。なぜiOSではあまり問題にならず、Android OSでは問題がでるのか？ 原因として AppStoreに比べ、Google Playは審査が甘い。またAndroidの場合公式ストア以外のストア、WEBサイトからのアプリの入手が容易である。 Android OSはLinuxカーネルを利用し、しかもオープンソースのため脆弱性の所在がすぐ分かる。 という二点が考えられる。 1. に関してだが、AppleのiOSは原則としてAppStoreのみからアプリケーションのインストールが可能である。 そしてその審査は結構厳しい。友人が作ったアプリの審査が通らなくてひぃひぃいっているのを聞いたこともある。 それに対しAndroidでは、公式ストア以外に、au、Amazonなどベンダや企業などがストアを開きアプリの公開を行っている。 さらには、個人でさえもWEBサイトでアプリを公開しユーザはダウンロードすることができる。 これは明らかに危険でしょう。 2. に関して。オープンソースだしそうだよね、と思ったら脆弱性の報告はiOSのほうが多いそうです。 → http //internet.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/news/20130424_597383.html しかし、結局1.によってマルウェアが多いのはAndroid。 Androidは脆弱性報告すくないけどアプリが放任なのでマルウェア沢山、iOSは脆弱性報告多いけどAppStoreが頑張って食い止めている、という状態でしょう。 課題 現在のパーミッション承認にどのような課題があるのか？？ 1.パーミッション全部認証しないとインスコできない →承認したくない部分もしないといけない。 2.認証するパーミッションがいつどこにどのように用いられているかユーザは知ることができない。 →個人情報の不正送信、管理者権限の奪取が行われていてもそんなの分からない！！ 3.パーミッションの粒度が大きい(一つの承認がカバーする範囲がでかすぎる)。 →パーミッション単位の中でも認証したいものとしたくないものがあるよね？ というあたりです。 Apex[6],Saint[7],SEAF[8]ではインストール後のパーミッションの変更を行えるようにすることで 1.の解決をしようとしたが、結局2.,3.(個人的には2.が大きいような気がする)の課題の解決はされていない。 じゃあ、どうするか？(提案手法です。) 最初に述べましたが、簡単にいうと許可したパーミッションの部分をアプリケーションが実行するときには、 確認ダイアログを出しましょう。 というあたりです。
https://w.atwiki.jp/melodroid/pages/15.html
覚え書き 概略 簡単なメモ程度の情報とか、調査中の情報とかをとりあえず、忘れないうちに書いたページ ＃あとで、消すかも（とりあえず、ここに退避中） 目次 バージョン 閲覧中資料 未確認資料 未整理資料 ビルド関連資料 バージョン 1.0「?」 1.5「Cupcake」 1.6「Donut」 2.1「Eclair」 2.2「Froyo」 3.0?「GingerBread」 閲覧中資料 途中で調べた資料をとりあえず、転記 Armadillo-500でGoogle Androidを動かす(3) Beagle Board Rev.C2でAndroidを動かすCommentsAdd Star Taosoftwar Android AVDとemulator (SDK 1.5) JavaDrive Android入門R.javaファイル 個々のビューにIDを設定 Androidの会 ハンズオンセッション solaさんのページ カテゴリArmadillo O.M.C.のモバイル工作室 BusyBoxの用意と、MicroSDからの起動 カメラ関連 Androidの会組込みGWのAndroidでUSBカメラを使う方法 ブリリアントサービス様のArmadillo-500上のAndroidでカメラプレビューする方法 V4L2インタフェイス 未確認資料 /data/dalvik-cache not writable, breaking dynamic loading of packages/libraries Unstable 未整理資料 未確認と違いあるのか・・（汗） おもしろそうなドキュメント京都GTUG Linux関連（後で移動・・）JF Index of Linux Kernel 2.6 Documentation LinuxKernel ドキュメント ビルド関連資料 ビルドする上で関係した資料 カーネルのビルドエラー解消の元ネタ 「Armadillo 04247」 「PATCH」 armadillo-500 make O= building init.rcの設定等 BeatCast様のSoftware/Android/bc9 Cupcake用の起動時Power問題（まだ未検証→必要でした） Android Zaurusはてな館「ZaurusでAndroid 1.5」 上の参照先のgit.diff.gzのような対処が必要 lib側で修正するには、EeePc porting - Instructions for last codebaseを参照 起動時に関わるエラー（init.rcの設定について） Re Howto build Android full source for X86 Architecture msg#00000 C++からC言語の関数の呼び出しについて C言語の関数呼び出し - extern "C" C言語で書かれた関数をC++から呼び出す(その逆も)
https://w.atwiki.jp/ohden/pages/337.html
環境 Ubuntu 10.10 desktop 32bit環境 Android SDK r9 Android NDK r5 Android SDK http //developer.android.com/intl/ja/sdk/ Android NDK http //developer.android.com/intl/ja/sdk/ndk/ JDKのinstall apt使ってJDKの導入。 現在の主となるAndroidのversionは2.2ですが、この子はJava5らしい。 とりあえず、Java6突っ込んどいて、何か起きたらJava5にしよう。(ノ∀｀) Javaを普通に取りに言っても無いって言われるので、 $ sudo add-apt-repository "deb http //archive.canonical.com/ lucid partner" $ sudo apt-get update これで見つかる。 $ sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jdk しばらくするとライセンスの同意を聞いてくるんで『yes』選択。 Android SDKのinstall 取得して解凍して移動。 $ wget http //dl.google.com/android/android-sdk_r09-linux_x86.tgz $ tar zxvf android-sdk_r09-linux_x86.tgz $ mkdir ~/android $ mv android-sdk-linux_x86/ ~/android/android-sdk とりあえず、homeにandroidってdir作って突っ込むことにした。 作業し易いようにdir名も『android-sdk』にしといた。 んで、起動時に環境変数が設定されるように『.bashrc』を修正。 $ cd $ vi .bashrc # Android SDK ANDROID_SDK_ROOT=$HOME/android/android-sdk PATH=$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/tools $PATH PATH=$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/platform-tools $PATH $ source .bashrc 最後に、上手いことupdateが動かんことがあるので... $ android update sdk -u ※『-u』付けるとCUI環境で更新されるっぽぃよ。 ただ、鬼のように時間がかかるので注意。 Eclipseのinstall 取得して、任意の場所に解凍すればinstall完了。 $ wget http //ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/eclipse/technology/epp/downloads/release/helios/SR1/eclipse-java-helios-SR1-linux-gtk.tar.gz $ tar zxvf eclipse-java-helios-SR1-linux-gtk.tar.gz JDKが正常に入ってればeclipseが起動可能。 解凍したdir内にある『eclipse』をダブルクリックしてeclipseが立ち上がれば問題無い。 ADPのinstall これはWin版と変わらんのでそっち参照。 ※当初64bit環境で構築していたが、上手く動作せず...挫折してVMware上の32bit環境に変更した。 謎のエラー... 散々探して似た様なエラーで困ってる人が居って、lib32を入れて回避してたのでマネしてみる。 $ sudo apt-get install lib32stdc++6 lib32z1-dev ん～、ホントに直った。でも、また次のエラー。(´・ω・｀) 探しても同じ症状の人が居らん...挫折。 暇できたら再調査しよう。 Android NDKのinstall 取得して解凍して移動。 $ wget http //dl.google.com/android/ndk/android-ndk-r5b-linux-x86.tar.bz2 $ tar xvfj android-ndk-r5b-linux-x86.tar.bz2 $ mv android-ndk-r5b ~/android/android-ndk こちらも、homeにandroidってdir作って突っ込むことにした。 同じく『android-ndk』にリネーム。 で、環境変数の設定。 $ cd $ vi .bashrc # Android NDK ANDROID_NDK_ROOT=$HOME/android/android-ndk PATH=$ANDROID_NDK_ROOT $PATH $ source .bashrc 環境変数有効にしたら終了。 更新日： 2011年03月30日 (水) 11時19分17秒 名前 コメント すべてのコメントを見る
https://w.atwiki.jp/android2chbrowser/pages/17.html
■Tuboroidon 開発日記 ｈttp //d.hatena.ne.jp/gae+eyo/searchdiary?word=*[Tuboroidon] 配布先 http //sites.google.com/site/nikenonomonooki/tuboroidon 簡単に言うとTuboroidの改良版、Tuboroidが開発中止・ソース公開によって誕生したが、Tuboroidの開発が再開されたため、現在開発中止。 画面 設定画面 ここを編集 最近のリンク元 申し訳ありませんが、recent_page_ref プラグインは提供を終了し、ご利用いただけません。
https://w.atwiki.jp/suffix/pages/1044.html
logcat表示 adb logcat。-cでログをクリア。-fでファイル指定。-sでフィルタ指定。-bでログに出力するバッファの種類を指定。-v timeで時間表示等ができる。logcatでActivityManager(画面)の情報は参考になることが多い。 接続されているデバイスの表示 adb devices apkインストール/アンインストール adb install/uninstall xxx.apk androidとPCのデータやり取り ・データをAndroid端末に格納する。 adb push PC上データ android格納先。 (*)複数ファイルをpushしたい場合はPC上データの部分にフォルダの絶対パスを書くと良い。・データをAndroid端末から取り出す。 adb pull android上データ PC格納先 明示的Intent送信 adb shell am start -a アクション -d データ -t MIME_TYPE -c カテゴリ 暗黙的Intent送信 adb shell am start -n パッケージ名/.アクティビティクラス パッケージの表示 adb shell pm list packages 端末再起動 adb shell reboot システムのリマウント adb remount キーイベントを送る adb shell input keyevent キーイベント スクリーンキャプチャ撮る adb shell screencap -p 保存先(/sdcard/xxx.png等) SDカード作成 mksdcard adbデーモンを落とす adb kill-server デバッガを起動する ddms 圧縮ファイルの中身表示 appt バックアップと復元 adb backup / adb restore デバイス状態の表示 adb bugreport
https://w.atwiki.jp/android_is06/pages/24.html
マーケットにフィルタリングがかかっている影響で一部ダウンロードできないアプリあるようです。 アップデートにより解消されました 動作確認やオススメのアプリをコメントしていただけると助かります。 Androidアプリ紹介サイト システム関連ホーム ファイルマネージャ セッティング アプリケーション管理 タスクスイッチャ タスクマネージャ ベンチマーク テザリング ブラウザ・専用クライアントブラウザ Androidアプリ紹介サイト ▽Androidマーケット https //market.android.com/ ▽Androlib http //jp.androlib.com/ ▽アンドロイダー http //androider.jp/ ▽アンドロナビ http //andronavi.com/ ▽オクトバ http //octoba.net/ システム関連 ホーム 前述、後述のとおり現在ホームアプリは全般的にフィルタリングがかかっておりマーケットから入手できない。 公式サイトや野良ビルド配布などググって apk ファイルを入手すればインストールできる。 アップデートすることで、現在はマーケットから入手できます。 ▽ADW.Launcher 定番のホームアプリ。テーマが豊富。有料版もあり。 ▽LauncherPro 定番のホームアプリ。ウィジェットのサイズ変更などができる有料版もあり。 ▽GoランチャーEX 無料版なのにホーム画面転換の種類が豊富。 ▽Zeam Launcher 軽くて早いホームアプリ。 ファイルマネージャ ▽アストロファイルマネージャ シンプルなファイルマネージャ。広告有り。 ▽ES ファイルエクスプローラー LAN共有、FTP、Bluetoothなど多機能なファイルマネージャ。 root化することでsystemファイルの書き換えも行うことができる。 ▽ファイルマネージャ 十分な機能で手軽に操作できるファイルマネージャ。 ▽Explorer シンプルで分かりやすいながら多機能なファイルマネージャ。 ▽AndroXplorer 日本語対応。癖のないファイルマネージャ。 セッティング ▽Quick Settings 深いところにある設定 (Screen timeout や Auto rotation、各種音量) などをサクっと設定できるアプリ。 ステータスバーに格納することもでき、その場合別アプリ起動中もすぐに設定を変更できる。 どの設定項目を表示するかや順序などをカスタマイズすることもできる。 またおまけ機能でライト (スクリーンやカメラのフラッシュ) を on / off することもできる。 ▽MySettings わかりやすいUIで直感的に使える設定管理アプリ。 アプリケーション管理 ▽AppBrain App Market インストールしているアプリをWEB上で管理できる。Appbrainのサイトはこちら ▽Ks Uninstaller 一括で複数のアプリをアンインストールすることができる。 ▽Quick Uninstaller バックアップ機能もついたアンインストールアプリ。 ▽App monster アプリケーションのapkファイルをSDカードにバックアップできる。 他機種でこのソフトを使えばIS06でマーケットに表示されないアプリを導入できる。 ▽Titanium Backup(要root化) apkファイルからインストールした場合マーケットのマイアプリに追加されず、自動アップデートできないが、 このソフトでバックアップした場合、ユーザーデータも含め完全にバックアップできる。 使用にはroot化が必要である。 タスクスイッチャ ▽PreHome ホームボタンを押すことで、Windows の Alt + Tab のようにタスクを切り替えることができる。 ホームとして設定することになるが、これまでのホームアプリを今までのように使用できるのでご心配なく。 ▽AltTabApps 検索ボタン(本体左下側のボタン)長押しで起動中のアプリを一覧表示できる。 タスクマネージャ ※Android2.2ではOS側でタスクを自動的に管理しているので、導入必須というわけではない。 設定次第では逆に電池持ちが悪くなったりするので注意。 ▽Advanced Task Killer Froyo ▽Automatic Task Killer ▽Advanced Task Manager ベンチマーク ▽Quadrant Standard Edition androidで一番メジャーなベンチマークソフト。 IS06のスコアは大体900～1000前後 ▽Network Speed Test 日本でandroid等のネット回線速度を収集しているmpw.jpで採用されてるアプリ。 テザリング こちらを参照 ブラウザ・専用クライアント ブラウザ ▽Dolphin Browser より高機能な Dolphin Browser HD、HDよりこじんまりとまとまって安定している Dolphin Browser Mini もある。 視認しやすいタブ機能、階層ありブックマーク、ジェスチャーなどが利点か。 標準ブラウザよりフリーズしやすいのが玉に瑕だが、その他＞設定＞詳細設定でキャッシュをSDに置けば相当回避できる。 ▽Galapagos Browser 純国産の携帯ブラウザライクなブラウザ。 画面拡大時に自動で改行してくれるので、デザインは崩れるが非常に見やすい。 デフォルトで画面メモや翻訳機能などがついている。 ▽Opera Opera最強伝説。 Opera Mini ブラウザとOpera Mobileがある (どう違うのかな?) ▽Miren 中華製なところがやや不安ながら、まとまりよくそ%