約 2,183,599 件
https://w.atwiki.jp/arma2dayz/pages/47.html
Binoculars(双眼鏡) （クリックで画像を拡大） Binoculars(双眼鏡)は遠くの目標を偵察したり観察するときに使います。 初期設定のキーはBキーです。 このアイテムは都市や街などの民間エリア、または軍関連施設など幅広いエリアで見つけることができます。 双眼鏡には専用スロットがあるので拳銃の弾やライフルの弾や食料の運搬に支障をきたすことはありません。
https://w.atwiki.jp/mlpocmatome/pages/12.html
スペル・ドキュメント イラスト後日追加予定 英語表記 種族 性別 通称 分類 Spell Document ユニコーン？ ♀ ペル ソナ 概要 どこからともなくやってきてヴィルに居付いた漂流者。性格も言葉遣いも、常に冷たい。 ＣＭの意味は語られていないが、筆記用具には筆を使う。 詳細 基本的に消極的で、何事にも受け身。 虫が苦手。しかし蚊取り線香その他の防虫道具も苦手なので、逃げるしかない。 魔法の色は黄緑色。洗脳魔法が使えるが、その魔法を使いたがらず、余程の非常時でしか使わない。 口調・セリフ例 「…ただの物好きですか。」 「レタスは黙っててください。」 「うわあっ、こっち来ないでくださいっ！ というか、これのどこが魔法修行なんですか！？」 常に敬語。 一人称：僕 二人称：あなた 三人称：○○さん 対馬関係 相手のポニー どう思っているか 二次利用について 健全系基本ＯＫ。えろぐろ入る場合は場合によるので確認を取って欲しい所。 連絡先 twitter
https://w.atwiki.jp/nannyankannman/pages/211.html
あ この記事には主観、偏見、個人の意見が含まれている可能性があります 現在、報告に基づき漆黒命漆黒取り押さえ委員会が内容を精査しております。ご了承ください。 漆黒命漆黒取り押さえ委員会 ギリースーツよし子 あ CUMSOC 特殊作戦部隊CUMSOC (Cum and Unko, Mesugaki Sex with Ochinchin Chinchin) とは、米国のイタリアン州に本部を置く国際自治テロリスト自治厨の集団である。標語はficta voluptatis causa sint proxima veris. 活動 主に地球における酸素の消費と二酸化炭素量の増加に寄与しており、はっきり言って害悪である。本記事の執筆者とは全くもって無関係であるが唐突にアオチャトゥス・ナカムラリカルイグニション斉藤のセーフハウスを襲撃し、体液に塗れた大量のフィギュアを発見するなどしている。とってもよくない完全に違法な捜査ではamazonの作り直したアカウントがフィギュアで染まっており、はっきり言って気持ち悪い感じになっている。 歴代隊員 アレックス ダサい ブライアン スキルを一切覚えない初期キャラクターの屑 忘れた 忘れたっつってんだろ ゴメス 髭が多すぎる 不潔 調律者 ウュオフォン勝 俺が勝ち目がないのでカス パセリバジル辻崎 本気出せば勝てるが血の代わりに水銀が流れているようなやつなのでまともに戦いたくない 歩行者 アレクサンダー木乃美 勝てない 名前並べて生地の笏を稼ぐなたか子 ごめんなさい だがそれとは別に余裕で倒せる ヴェルヴェットヴェルファイア佐々木 勝てねえよ ゼウス・アーノルド・ゼウス石井 余裕でｋろせる VFX忠敬 いつもありがとうございます 何が？ エクセルマスター 羽和帆 美香 疲れた 多分死に至らしめることはできないが童貞を奪うことはできる 回避会社員ここな かわいい 漆黒の執行者 ハロルド 実力で言えば互角だが会敵してすぐウィンチェスターライフルで自慰行為を始めるためよくない オンブズマンチェスターユナイテッドキングダムオブパキスタン辻 雑魚 ただし水属性の攻撃には注意 刃 (ブレイド) 勝てねえっつってんだろ ノルマンディアス前田情一郎 微妙 行動パターンが不規則すぎるし歯並びも悪い 寛ぎの 町田マイケル 間違えなく殺される ので逃げる メルカトルパスタクリスタルあいみ 塩入れ忘れグリッチの乱用で勝てると思う マリネマスター近藤 殺される
https://w.atwiki.jp/vtex/pages/32.html
Crusader 概要 イギリスのtier5軽戦車。Cromwellを作るのに必ず通る道でもある。 tier5軽戦車だがtier5中戦車としてマッチングされる。 特徴
https://w.atwiki.jp/englishlanguage/pages/41.html
NAK... Nakagawa, Ken. 2018. Wordsworth's Vocabulary in The Prelude. Hiroshima Keisuisha. Nakagawa, Kiyoshi.中川清．1967.「John Wesleyの英語」 IVY The Nagoya Review of English Studies 6 91-107. Nakagawa, Naoshi. 中川直志. 2013. 「Tough構文の主節構造について」 JELS 30 139-145. Nakagawa, Naoshi. 中川直志. 2005. 「素性照合から見たPROと空演算子の分布についての一考察」 JELS 22 121-130. Nakagawa, Naoshi. 中川直志. 1996. 「動詞上昇と照合理論」 JELS 13 81-90. Nakago, Yasuhiro中郷安浩1966.「Yes, Noを用いない一般疑問への応答－アイルランド英語の場合－」Queries（大阪市立大学）7 53-58. Nakajima, Fumio中島文雄『文法の原理』研究社出版 Nakajima, Fumio.中島文雄．1953.『近代英語とその文体』 研究社． Nakajima, Fumio中島文雄1951.『英語発達史 改訂版』岩波全書 Nakajima, H. 1990. "Secondary Predication". The Linguistic Review 7 275-309. Nakajima, Heizo. 2004. "Gerund and Canonical Structural Realization", 河上誓作教授退官記念論文集刊行会（編）『言葉のからくり 河上誓作教授退官記念論文集』 東京：英宝社. Nakajima, Heizo (ed.)中島平三（編）2001.『英語構文事典』 大修館書店. Nakamichi, Y.1986"On the Negatives in the Gawain-Poems". Reitaku University Journal 42 1-15. Nakamichi, Y.1982"On the Use of the Historical Present in the Gawain-Poems". Geibun Kenkyu 43 19-30. Nakamura, Fujio. 2018. "Negative Declarative I Not Say and Negative Imperative in Modern English", in The Pleasure of English Language and Literature, ed. Hideshi Ohno, Kazuho Mizuno Osamu Imahayashi. Hiroshima Keisuisha. Nakamura, Fujio. 2010. "Uncovering of Rare or Unknown Usages A History of seem Meaning 'to pretend'", in Language Change and Variation from Old English to Late Modern English A Festschrift for Minoji Akimoto, ed. Merja Kytoe, John Scahill Harumi Tanabe, pp. 217-38. Bern Peter Lang. Nakamura, Fujio. 2016. Unveilling 'Rare' Usages in the History of English. Tokyo Eihosha. Nakamura, Fujio. 中村不二夫. 2008. 「受動進行形の動詞の拡散、能受動進行形の動詞の収束」『英語青年』2008年3月号：46-49. Nakamura, Fujio.中村不二夫.2007.「How do you?――助動詞doを用いない肯定疑問文に使われた動詞の収束（上）」『英語青年』 2007年7月号：42-45. Nakamura, Fujio.中村不二夫.2007.「How do you?――助動詞doを用いない肯定疑問文に使われた動詞の収束（下）」『英語青年』 2007年8月号：42-45. Nakamura, Fujio.2003."Contribution of Non-Literary Texts to History of English Research". Creation and Practical Use of Language Texts, ed. Masa-chiyo Amano, pp. 67-77. Nakamura, Fujio.2002."Concurrence of Animate/Human Subject and the Passival Progressive". Studies in English Historical Linguistics and Philology A Festschrift for Akio Oizumi, ed. Jacek Fisiak, pp. 307-26. Frankfurt/M. Peter Lang. Nakamura, Fujio.2000."Be-doshi to Jo-doshi no kyoki ni kansuru rekishiteki kenkyu". Bulletin of the Faculty of Letters, Aichi Prefectural University 48 35-51. Nakamura, Fujio.中村不二夫.1999.「Be動詞と助動詞Doの共起に関する歴史的研究」 『愛知県立大学文学部論集（英文学科編）』 48 35-51. Nakamura, Fujio.1998."The Extinction of Participal being/having/knowing not Further Evidence Confirming the Regulation of the Negative Declarative Sentence with the Auxiliary Do", in A Love of Words English Philological Studies in Honour of Akira Wada, ed. M. Kanno, et al. Nakamura, Fujio.1997."Regulation of Negative Declarative Sentence with Auxiliary Do Historical Facts applicable as subsidiary evidence". Mulberry 46 109-33. Nakamura, Fujio.中村不二夫.1996.「肯定命令文における助動詞 Do の発達――17－19世紀書簡からの検証――」 Mulberry（愛知県立大学） 45 53-66. Nakamura, Fujio.中村不二夫.1994.「Doを伴う否定平叙文の確立――17－19世紀書簡からの検証――」 『近代英語研究』 10 27-45. Nakamura, Fujio.中村不二夫.1994.「否定命令文における助動詞Doの発達：17－19世紀書簡からの検証」中尾祐治・天野政千代（編）『助動詞Do――起源・発達・機能』 195-211. 英潮社. Nakamura, Fujio.中村不二夫.1993.「近代英語における助動詞 do の発達――17－19世紀書簡から立証される疑問文の do の使用状況について――」『はじめにことばありき』 64-84. 英潮社. Nakamura, Fujio.1990.A Review of Stein (1990). Studies in Modern English 7 91-108. Nakamura, Fujio.1983."Auxiliary have in Samuel Pepys's 'Diary', with special reference to mutative verbs". Studies in Modern English 3 23-51. Nakamura, J.1995'Text Typology and Corpus A Critical Review of Biber's Methodology,' English Corpus Studies, 2 75-90. Nakamura, J. and J. M. Sinclair1995'The World of Woman in the Bank of English Internal Criteria for the Classification of Corpora,' Literary and Linguistic Computing, 10 99-110. Nakamura, J.1994'Extended HAYASHI's Quantification Method Type III and its Application in Corpus Linguistics,' Journal of Language and Litera-ture, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, University of Tokushima, 1 141-192. Nakamura, J.1993."Quantitative Comparison of Modals in the Brown and LOB Corpora". ICAME Journal 17 29-48. Nakamura, J.1989."A Quantitative Study on the Use of Personal Pronouns in the Brown Corpus." JACET Bulletin 20 51-71. [BUC] Nakamura, J.1989."Creation of a Vocabulary Frequency Table from the Brown Corpus". Journal of Cultural and Social Science 24 171-182. College of General Education, University of Tokushima. [BUC] Nakamura, J.1986.Classification of English Texts by Means of Hayashi's Quantification Method Type III". Journal of Cultural and Social Science 21 71-86. College of General Education, University of Tokushima. Nakamura, J.1985.On the Methodologies of Quantitative Groupings of English Texts. JACET (The Japan Association of College English Teachers) Bulletin 16 133-148. Nakamura, Junsaku, Nagayuki Inoue, Tomoji Tabata (eds.)2004.English Corpora under Japanese Eyes. Rodopi. Nakamura, K.1998."On the discontinuity of Word Order in the Peterborough Chronicle 1070-1121". Jels 15 111-20. Nakamura, Koichi.中村幸一.1998.「Roger Lass記念論文集」 『英語青年』1998年2月号：35. Nakamura, Koichi.中村幸一.1997.「Alfred the Wise｣ 『英語青年』 1997年11月号：73. Nakamura, Mayumi.1999.「Me were leverとI had lever」『近代英語研究』15 93-98. Nakamura, Seiki.中村成器.1966-67.「Robinson Crusoeのsyntax (1)(2)」『鹿児島大学文科報告』 2 107-18; 3 125-37. Nakamura, Shiro.中村嗣郎.2006.「主格関係代名詞の省略を中心に」『英語青年』2006年5月号： 45-47. Nakamura, Shiro.中村嗣郎.2006.「主格関係代名詞の省略を中心に」 『英語青年』 2006年5月号： 45-47. Nakamura, Tamotsu.中村有.1959「Dickens の拡充形」『愛媛大学紀要』（人文科学）5.1. Nakamura, Yoshihisa. 中村芳久. 2020. 「認知意味論と認知文法の意味論：スキーマ／プロトタイプと「捉え方」(construal)」in 『ことばから心へ―認知の深淵―』米倉よう子, 山本修, 浅井良策 (編). 東京 開拓社. Nakamura, Yoshihisa.中村芳久.2000「認知文法から見た語彙と構文：自他交替と受動態の文法化」『金沢大学文学部論集（言語・文学篇）』 20 75-103. Nakamura, Yoshihisa.中村芳久.1999「ヴォイス・システム：態間関係の認知メカニズム」『金沢大学文学部論集（言語・文学篇）』19 39-65. Nakamura, Yoshio. 1997. "On Complementizer Deletion in English and Japanese". JELS 14 131-140. Nakano, H.1987."The Headless Construction Principle". Studies in Modern English 4 95-100. Nakano, Hirozo. 中野弘三. 2005. 「ぼかし言葉 (hedge) の機能」 JELS 22 131-140. Nakano, Hirozo中野弘三、他（編）『言葉の構造と歴史』英潮社出版 Nakano, Kazuyuki. 2005. "Infinitival to as a Modal Auxiliary". JELS 22 141-150. Nakano, Michio.中野道雄.2003.「神戸外大と僕」 『神戸外大論叢』 53 157-69. Nakano, Hirozo中野弘三1993.『英語法助動詞の意味論』英潮社 Nakao, Chizuru. 2012. "On the Movement-and-Deletion Analysis of English Stripping". JELS 29 114-120. Nakao, Hiroshi, Shiro Akasegawa Shingo Miyagawa.2002.『コーパス言語学の技法 I――テキスト処理入門』 夏目書房. Nakao, Keisuke. 1998. "The State of Bilingual Lexicography in Japan Learners' English-Japanese/Japanese-English Dictionaries". International Journal of Lexicography 11(1) 35-50. Nakao, Tomoko. 中尾朋子. 2015. 「使役移動構文と結果構文における心理的変化を表す用法の意味的特性」 JELS 32 84-90. Nakao, Tomoko. 中尾朋子. 2014. 「心理的変化を表す使役移動構文における一考察」 JELS 31 77-83. Nakao, T."On Late Middle English Word Stress", in English Historical Linguistics Studies in Development, pp. 87-100. Nakao, Toshio Terashima Michiko.1988.An Illustrated History of English. Tokyo Taishukan. Nakao, Toshio. 中尾俊夫. 1985. 『音韻史』(英語学大系 11) 東京：大修館書店. Nakao, Toshio中尾俊夫1979.『英語発達史』篠崎書林 Nakao, Toshio中尾俊夫1972.『英語史 II』(英語学大系 9) 大修館書店 Nakao, Toshio.The Hiatus in English Historical Phonology.' Language History and Linguistic Model ling. Ed. Hickey and Puppel. pp. 59-64. Nakao, Yoshiyuki. 中尾佳行. 2018. 『チョーサーの言語と認知「トパス卿の話」の言語とスキーマの多次元的構造』 広島 渓水社. Nakao, Yoshiyuki. 2017. "Chaucer's Comment Clauses with Reference to Trowe and Wene", in Studies in Middle and Modern English Historical Variation, ed. Akinobu Tani Jennifer Smith, 91-118. Tokyo Kaitakusha. Nakao, Yoshiyuki. 中尾佳行. 2016. 「チョーサーの言語の身体性 ―「トパス卿の話」にみる 漸減化 の認知プロセス―」 JELS 33 93-99. Nakao, Yoshiyuki Yoko Iyeiri (eds.). 2013. Chaucer's Language Cognitive Perspectives. Osaka Osaka Books. Nakao, Yoshiyuki. 中尾佳行. 2011. 「Chaucerのtrewelicheに見る主観性と読み」 JELS 28 117-123. Nakao, Yoshiyuki.中尾佳行.2004.『Chaucerの曖昧性の構造』 松柏社. Nakao, Yoshiyuki.中尾佳行.2000.「Chaucer の creative contiguity と意味拡張」 英語史研究会会報 4 12-13. Nakao, Yoshiyuki Midori Matsutani.1999."Notes on the Did DO + Infinitive Construction in Late Middle English With Special Reference to the Writings of Caxton". Hiroshima Studies in English Language and Literature 44 93-103. Nakao, Y.1997."The Alliterative Morte Arthure and Sir Thomas Malory", in Essays on English Literature and Language, ed. M. Kanno, et al., pp. 77-91. Eihosha. Nakao, Y.1997."Social-Linguistic Tension as Evidenced by Moot/Moste in Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde, in Essays on English Literature and Language. Eihosha. Nakao, Yoshiyuki Midori Matsutani.1996."Descriptive Notes on Paired Words in the Language of Caxton's Own Prose". Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, Yamaguchi University 46(1) 83-111. Nakao, Y.1993."On the Relationship between the Winchester Malory and Caxton's Malory", in Suzuki and Mukai (eds.) pp. 201-9. Nakao, Yuji.2006."The Demonstrative Pronouns tho . those and these , etc. in the Winchester Malory and Caxton's Malory", in Textual and Contextual Studies in Medieval English, ed. Michiko Ogura, pp. 73-83. Peter Lang. Nakao, Yuji.2005."Does Caxton Dislike Alliteration? A Study of Book V in Caxton's Malory as Compared with the Winchester Malory", in Recent Trends in Medieval English Language and Literature in Honour of Young-Bae Park, vol. I, ed. J. Fisiak H. Kang, 223-37. Thaehaksa. Nakao, Yuji.中尾祐治.2005.『トマス・マロリーのアーサー王伝説――テキストと言語をめぐって』 風媒社. Nakao, Yuji.2004."Are Further Emendations Necessary? A Note on the Definite and Indefinite Articles in the Winchester Malory", in Arthurin Studies in Honour of PJC Field, ed. Bonnie Wheeler, pp. 247-252. Boydell and Brewer. Nakao, Yuji.2004."On Negative Disjunctive Connectives in the Two Versions of Malory", in Philologica LX Eighty Years of English Studies at the Faculty of Arts, ed. Spearatny Vytlacok, pp. 113-22. Univerzita Komenskeho Bratislava. Nakao, Yuji.2000."Musings on the Reviser of Book V in Caxton's Malory", in The Malory Debate Essays on the Texts of Le Morte darthur, pp. 191-216. D. S. Brewer. Nakao, Yuji.1997."The Alliterative Morte Arthure and Sir Thomas Malory", in Essays on English Literature in Honour of Shunichi Noguchi, ed. M. Kanno, M. Agari and G. Jember, pp. 77-92. Eihosha. Nakao, Yuji.1995."Caxton's Revision A Case of Causative Do in his Morte (1485)", in Perspective on Words Essays on English Language and Literature, ed. Masuo Umeda, pp. 55-71. Tokyo Eihosha. Nakao, Yuji Masachiyo Amano.中尾祐治・天野政千代.1994.『助動詞Do――起源・発達・機能』 英潮社. Nakao, Yuji.中尾祐治.1994."The So-called his Genitive in Caxton's Malory". 『英語英文学への讃歌――廣岡英雄先生喜寿記念論文集――』 英宝社． Nakao, Yuji.1993."On the Relationship Between the Winchester Malory and Caxton's Malory", in Arthurian and Other Studies in Honour of Shunichi Noguchi, ed. T. Suzuki and T. Mukai, pp. 201-210. DS Brewer. Nakao, Yuji.1993."Caxton's Treatment of the Negative Particle Ne in his Edition of Malory", in Hajime-ni-kotoba-ariki, ed. Y. Umezu, et al., pp. 43-59. Tokyo Eichosha. Nakao, Yuji.中尾祐治.1991."Vocabulary Alterations in Caxton's Malory".有馬道子・他（編）『言葉の構造と歴史』 英潮社． Nakao, Yuji.(中尾祐治)1987."Does Malory Really Revise his Vocabulary?--Some Negative Evidence". Poetica 25/26 93-109. Nakao, Yuji.中尾祐治.1983.「Maloryの英語における接頭辞の出没 MS. B.M. 59678とCaxton版との異同からみた一資料」 『言語文化論集』 4(2) 1-24. Nakao, Yuji.中尾祐治.1980.「Maloryにおける否定辞の ne について MS. B.M. Add. 59678 と Caxton版 Le Morte Darthur の比較を中心に」 『言語文化論集』 2(1) 27-46. Nakao, Yuji.中尾祐治.1980.「MS. British Museum Additional 59678とCaxton版Le Morte Darthurの前置詞の異同に関する一資料」 『言語文化論集』 1,53-81 Nakashima, Chiharu. 2018. "Reanalyzing Japanese Sentence-Final Particles Yo and Ne In Light of Verhagen’s Theory of Intersubjectivity",『認知言語学の広がり』開拓社. Nakashima, Chiharu. 中島千春. 2017. 「Vivianはなぜthatを選ぶのか？ 映画で学ぶ間主観性理論」『映画英語教育研究 紀要』22 99-112. Nakashima, Chiharu. 中島千春. 2015. 「映画で学ぶメタファー、メトニミー、アイロニー 認知言語学の観点から」『映画英語教育研究』20. Nakashima, Chiharu. 中島千春. 2015. 「認識を表す動詞knowの補文構文と二人称主語に関する考察」『九州大学言語学論集』35. Nakashima, Chiharu. 2015. “Complement Clause with the Verb Know You as “Object of Conceptualization” or “Subject of Conceptualization”. 『福岡女学院大学紀要国際キャリア学部編』1. Nakashima, Chiharu. 2015. “Analyzing Complement Clauses with the Verb Know from an Intersubjective View,” 13th International Cognitive Linguistics Conference (New Castle, Great Britain). Nakashima, Chiharu. 中島千春. 2012. 「間主観性(intersubjectivity)に関する二つの理論の検討：Verhagen(2007)とLangacker(2008)、『福岡女学院大学短期大学部紀要』48. Nakashima, Chiharu. 2011. "Why is "You Don't Know That" Different from "You Don't Know It"?".『九州大学言語学論集』32. Nakashima, Chiharu.中島千春. 2009. 「指示表現の選択と2つの認知モード」『福岡女学院大学短期大学部紀要』45. Nakashima, Chiharu. 2006. "That's Not What It Is Anaphoric Pronouns in Questions". 『西南学院大学英語英文学論集』46(3). Nakashima, Chiharu. 2005. "It or That Speaker's Choice".『九州英文学研究』22. Nakashima, Chiharu. 中島千春. 2002. 「映画で学ぶ,日英語における Fashions of Speaking の違い 認知言語学の観点から」『映画英語教育研究』7. Nakashima, Kunio.2002.Studies in the Language of The Cely Letters. Tokyo Nan'un-do. Nakashima, Kunio.1981.Studies in the Language of Sir Thomas Malory. Tokyo Nan'un-do. Nakatani, Hiromi. 2020. Tag Questions and Their Intersubjectivity A Cognitive Linguistic Approach. Tokyo Hitsuji Shobo. Nakatani, Hiromi. 2015. 「付加疑問文の構造の認知的分析」. Human and Socio-Environmental Studies 30 11–22. Nakayama, Masami. 2022. "Thou and Ye in Nineteenth-Century American Novels", in Variational Studies on Pronominal Forms in the History of English, ed. Yoko Iyeiri, Hiroshi Yadomi, David Selfe Jeremy Smith, pp. 109-133. Tokyo Kaitakusha. Nakayama, Masami. 2018. Grammatical Variation of Pronouns in Nineteenth-Century English Novels. Tokyo Hitsuji Shobo. Nakayama, Masami. 2015. "Grammatical Variation of Pronouns in Nineteenth-century English Novels." Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Tokyo. Nakayama, Masami. 2014. "The Complex Behavior of the Second Person Pronoun Ye in 19th-Century English Novels". Studies in English Literature 55 95-115. Nakayama, Masami. 2011. "Linguistic Rivalry between Three forms of Negation A Sociohistorical Study of English in Nineteenth-Century Novels". Studies in English Literature, English Number 52 53-75. Nakayama, Masami. 2011. "What Children's Literature Tells Us about Non-standard Language The Use of Ain't and Don't in The Water Babies". 『言語情報科学』9 19-30. Nakayama, Masami. 2009. "AIN'T and DON'T A Sociolinguistic Study of Non-Standard Negation in Victorian Novels". Studies in English Literature, English Number 50 1-23. Nakayama, Masami. 2007. "Multiple Negation in Nineteenth-Century English; As Seen in Victorian Novels". Studies in Modern English 23 79-97. Nakayama, Toru.1999'The Appositive Adjunct in the Homilies of Alfric.' Jnl of Eng. Ling. 27 40-48. Nakayasu, Minako. 2014.「シェイクスピアにおける説得のコミュニケーション―法助動詞を中心に」金水敏・高田博行・椎名美智(編)『歴史語用論の世界：文法化・待遇表現・発話行為』東京：ひつじ書房. Nakazawa, Noriko.中澤紀子.2006.「There接触節と関係代名詞の顕在化――ナーサリー・ライムの場合――」 『近代英語研究』 22 71-91. Nakawazawa, Kazuo. 2006. 中澤和夫. 「英語の主要部節中関係節とその成立要件」 JELS 23 190-199. Nakova, Eleonora. 2018. "A Morphological Study of Contemporary English Neologisms", in Persistence and Resistance in English Studies New Research, ed. Sara Martin, David Owen Elizabet Pladevall-Ballester, pp. 119-129. Cambridge Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
https://w.atwiki.jp/croquette/pages/53.html
Insomnia 2000.11.14 nishitarumizu Up to one third of patients seen in the primary care setting experience occasional difficulties in sleeping, and up to 10 percent of patients have chronic sleep problems. Although insomnia is rarely the chief reason for an office visit, its detection may be enhanced by incorporating sleep-related questions into the general review of patient systems. Sleep disturbance is a reliable predictor of psychologic ill health, physical ill health, or both. Thus a report of disturbed sleep signals the need for further evaluation. Natural History of Sleep With aging, the total amount of sleep shortens. Delta sleep (stages 3 and 4 sleep), the deepest and most refreshing kind of sleep, diminishes markedly with age. In contrast, early stage 1 sleep, the lightest sleep, increases with age. These features help explain why sleep in old age becomes more fragmented, with more brief awakenings. There is little decline in REM sleep throughout a person s lifetime. Even though sleep is shorter in duration, shallower and more fragmented in the elderly, poor sleep is not an inevitable consequence of aging, and elderly persons do not necessarily require less sleep than younger persons. Also, constant daytime drowsiness or early-morning awakening should not be considered normal changes of aging. Epidemiology and Prevalence In a survey of office-based physicians in the United States, patients with insomnia had also been diagnosed with comorbid depression (30% of total), other mental diseases (20%) and organic disorders (19%); thus, only 31% of the sample were determined to have primary insomnia. A population-based survey using a structured DSM-III-based diagnostic questionnaire, 811 (10.2%) of the 7954 respondents complained of insomnia, and of those, 328 (40.4%) had a comorbid psychiatric disorder - most met the criteria for either anxiety or depression. For those with insomnia that persisted over a 12-month period, compared with those without insomnia, the risk of developing new major depression (odds ratio [OR] 39.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 19.8-80.0), anxiety disorder (OR 25.6) or alcohol dependence (OR 3.4) was much higher. Evaluation of Insomnia A wide range of disorders should be considered in the search for an underlying cause of chronic insomnia. (Table 1) The etiology of primary insomnia relates in part to psychologic conditioning processes. Most cases of insomnia develop initially in response to a medical or psychosocial stressor. As sleeplessness persists, the patient begins to associate the bed with wakefulness and heightened arousal rather than sleep. The patient may fall asleep easily outside the bedroom (i.e., when watching television or reading in the living room) but feel wide awake in bed. It is important to note that once this conditioning process has occurred, the patient s insomnia may persist long after the original psychosocial or medical stressor has been resolved. TABLE 1 Common Causes of Insomnia Nonprescription drugs Alcohol (promotes sleep onset, but tends to shorten total sleep time) Caffeine "Diet pills" (e.g., those including pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine) Nicotine Prescription drugs Beta-adrenergic blockers Thyroid preparations Corticosteroids Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Methyldopa (Aldomet) Phenytoin (Dilantin) Methylphenidate (Ritalin) Theophylline Albuterol Quinidine Pemoline Phenylephrine Medical conditions Primary sleep disorders (sleep apnea, periodic limb movement disorder, nocturnal myoclonus,restless legs syndrome) Pain from any source or cause Drug or alcohol intoxication or withdrawal Thyrotoxicosis Dyspnea from any cause (CHF, COPD) Menopause (hot flush) Gastroesophageal reflux Urinary incontinence (BPH) Psychologic causes Depression Anxiety , Panic disorder Life stressors Bedtime worrying Mania or hypomania Environmental causes Bedroom too hot or too cold Noise Eating, exercise, caffeine or alcohol use before bedtime Jet lag Shift work Daytime napping Treatment Management of chronic insomnia begins with attempts to identify and treat any underlying causes. There may be more than one cause of insomnia, but the causes may be difficult to identify. Drug therapy may be beneficial for short-term improvement, while behavioral intervention provides more sustained effects. Long-term use of many psychotropic or sedative-hypnotic drugs can cause adverse reactions and may actually impair sleep. Behavioral intervention combined with pharmacologic agents may be more effective than either approach alone. Psychologic and Behavioral Treatment of Insomnia Sleep diary Having the patient keep a sleep diary for two weeks may be helpful. Depending on the findings in the sleep diary, a discussion of sleep hygiene may be beneficial Cognitive Therapy. Cognitive therapy involves identifying dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep and replacing them with more adaptive substitutes. For example, patients who believe that sleeping eight hours per night is absolutely necessary to function during the day are asked to question the evidence and their own experience to see if this is true for them. Patients who are convinced that insomnia is destroying their ability to enjoy life are encouraged to develop more adaptive coping skills and to cease viewing themselves as victims. These attitudinal changes often help minimize the anticipatory anxiety and arousal that interfere with sleep. Stimulus Control Therapy The purpose of stimulus control therapy is to re-establish the connection between the bed and sleep by prohibiting the patient from engaging in non-sleep activities while in bed. This treatment is easily administered by the family physician and has demonstrated efficacy. 1. Go to bed only when sleepy. 2. Do not use the bed for any activities other than sleep (or sex). Do not read, watch television or eat. 3. If you don t fall asleep in about 20 minutes, leave the bedroom. Return to bed when you are sleepy. 4. Repeat step 3 as many times as needed until sleep occurs within 20 minutes of returning to bed. 5. Get up at the same time each day regardless of how much you slept. 6. Do not nap during the day or sleep in locations other than bed. Sleep Restriction Therapy Poor sleepers often increase their time in bed in an effort to provide more opportunity for sleep, a strategy that is more likely to result in fragmented and poor-quality sleep. Sleep restriction therapy consists of curtailing the amount of time spent in bed to increase the percentage of time spent asleep. This improves the patient s sleep efficiency (time asleep/time in bed). For example, a person who reports staying in bed for eight hours but sleeping an average of five hours per night would initially be told to decrease the time spent in bed to five hours. The allowable time in bed per night is increased 15 to 30 minutes as sleep efficiency improves. Adjustments are made over a period of weeks until an optimal sleep duration is achieved. To minimize daytime sleepiness, time in bed should not be reduced to less than five hours per night. Sleep restriction therapy is modified in older adults by allowing a short afternoon nap. Sleep Hygiene Education Sleep hygiene education consists of a set of instructions regarding environment and lifestyle factors that affect sleep. Sleep hygiene is not effective as the sole intervention for insomnia but is recommended as an adjunct to other forms of therapy. 1. Decrease or eliminate the use of caffeine, especially after noon. 2. Do not use tobacco or alcohol near bedtime. 3. Avoid heavy meals close to bedtime. However, a light snack at bedtime may promote sleep. 4. Regular exercise in the late afternoon may deepen sleep. Vigorous exercise within three to four hours of bedtime may interfere with sleep. 5. Establish a regular schedule for going to bed and getting up. Avoid daytime naps. 6. Keep the bedroom at a comfortable temperature and minimize light and noise. 7. Do not use the bed as a place to worry (especially about not sleeping). If necessary, write down your worries and concerns before you go to bed and place the list on your dresser to examine the next morning. 8. Use the bedroom only for sleep (and sex). Don t read, watch television, eat or do other activities in bed. 9. Get regular exposure to outdoor sunlight, especially in the late afternoon. Relaxation Therapy. Of several relaxation methods, none has been shown to be more efficacious than the others. Progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training and electromyographic biofeedback seek to reduce somatic arousal (e.g., muscle tension), whereas attention-focusing procedures such as imagery training and meditation are intended to lower presleep cognitive arousal. Abdominal breathing may be used as a component of various relaxation techniques, or it may be used alone. Phototherapy Advanced sleep-phase syndrome may be corrected through exposure to bright light for two hours during the evening, which may shift the body s circadian timing mechanism and delay the onset of sleep until a typical bedtime. In contrast, delayed sleep-phase syndrome may be treated by exposure to bright light in the morning. Pharmacologic Treatment Benzodiazepine The primary indication for hypnotic medication is short-term management of insomnia--either as the sole treatment modality or as adjunctive therapy until the underlying problem is controlled. The most common medications used to promote sleep are benzodiazepine receptor agonists. Differences between the compounds ability to induce and maintain sleep are based on rate of absorption and elimination. The most common side effects of these medications are anterograde amnesia and, for long-acting drugs, residual daytime drowsiness and vertigo, dysarthria, and ataxia and they often have additive effects when used in conjunction with other central nervous system depressants, such as alcohol. Currently an estimated 10 to 15 percent of patients who use hypnotic medications use them regularly for more than one year, although little safety or efficacy data are available to guide their use beyond two to three months. While selected patients may benefit from chronic use of these medications, there are no clear indications showing which patients might benefit from chronic therapy. In patients who need to be alert because of occupational or societal demands, short-acting medications are preferred. However, patients with insomnia and high levels of daytime anxiety may benefit more from long-acting medications. It is important to remember that, with age, the volume of distribution increases and the rate of metabolism slows for most of these medications. Hypnotic medications are contraindicated in pregnant women, patients with untreated obstructive sleep apnea, patients with a history of substance abuse and patients who might need to awaken and function during their normal sleep period. Finally, patients with hepatic, renal or pulmonary disease must be monitored more carefully than otherwise healthy patients with insomnia. Antidepressants It is very common for sedating antidepressants to be prescribed for insomnia, often in low dosages, but little scientific evidence supports the efficacy or safety of this approach in the treatment of most types of insomnia. When prescribed for patients with major depression, sedating antidepressants improve insomnia, and sleep symptoms often improve more quickly than other symptoms of depression. When administered concurrently with "alerting" antidepressants, low dosages of sedating antidepressants such as trazodone again improve insomnia. However, in nondepressed patients, the data to recommend use of antidepressants are minimal. Antidepressants have a range of adverse effects including anticholinergic effects, cardiac toxicity, orthostatic hypotension and sexual dysfunction (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs]). Tricyclic antidepressants and SSRIs can exacerbate restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in some patients.. Antihistamines. Few recent studies have assessed the efficacy of antihistamines in the treatment of insomnia, but older studies demonstrated subjective and objective improvements during short-term treatment. The long-term efficacy of antihistamines in the management of insomnia has not been demonstrated. Adverse effects associated with antihistamines include daytime sedation, cognitive impairment and anticholinergic effects. Tolerance and discontinuation effects have been noted. Finally, a variety of herbal preparations (e.g., valerian root, herbal teas), so-called nutritional substances (e.g., l-tryptophan) and over-the-counter drugs are promoted, especially in the lay press. In general, little scientific evidence supports the efficacy or safety of these products. Melatonin Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland and is purported to have sleep-inducing properties. Although the effectiveness of melatonin remains controversial, it has received attention in the treatment of insomnia caused by circadian schedule changes (i.e., jet lag, shift work). In these circumstances, melatonin successfully hastens adaptation to the new circadian schedule. No systematic long-term studies of the use of melatonin have been reported. Its ingestion in pharmacologic dosages has the potential to induce undesirable side effects, such as sleep disruption, daytime fatigue, headache, dizziness and increased irritability. よく用いられる催眠薬 薬物 半減期（時間） 利点および欠点 投与量*（mg） ベンゾジアゼピン類 ハルシオン 1.5-3 入眠障害に有用；高用量では前向性健忘を誘発する 0.125-0.25 リスミー 10 1-2 レンドルミン 6-9.5 緩徐に吸収；熟眠障害に有用 0.25-0.5 デパス 6 抗不安作用あり 1-3 ワイパックス 10-20 中程度の長さの鎮静 1-4 ユーロジン 16-18 投与量の範囲ではほとんど残留効果がない 0-2 ベンザリン† 25-35 日中の若干の鎮静を許容できるなら頻回覚醒に有用 2.5-10 セルシン† 30-56 薬物およびその活性代謝産物の排出が遅いため蓄積する 2.5-10 ドラール 39 長期使用は推奨されない；早朝覚醒に有用なことがある 7.5-15 インスミン† 40-100 日中の若干の鎮静を許容できるなら頻回覚醒に有用 15-30 メンドン† 55-70 不安を伴う不眠に有用 7.5-22.5 抗うつ薬‡ アミトリプチリン 16 就寝時に全量を用いるとうつ病および早朝覚醒の患者の 不眠が改善されることがある；抗コリン作用が強い 50-100 その他 抱水クロラール 4-10 中程度の長さの鎮静；消化管作用および残留効果 500-1000 一般用催眠薬 ジフェンヒドラミン§，大部分に軽度の鎮静がみられるが，鎮静作用は3-4日の使用後には 消失する；強い抗コリン作用（口内乾燥，視力障害，尿閉，便秘）は， 高齢者および緑内障，良性前立腺肥大，痴呆の患者で特に問題となる. *高齢患者に対する初回量は，しばしば最小量の1/2で十分である。 †加齢に伴って半減期が延長するため，高齢者への投薬は避けるべきである。 ‡うつ病がなければ抗うつ薬を用いるべきではない。 §抗コリン作用が強いため，高齢者への投薬は 避けるべきである。 Reference Insomnia Assessment and Management in Primary Care http //home.org/afp/990600ap/3029.html Chronic Insomnia A Practical Review Am Fam Physician 1999;60 1431-42 The diagnosis and management of insomnia in clinical practice a practical evidence-based approach CMAJ 2000;162(2) 216-20 Behavioral Medicine In Primary Care A Practical Guide
https://w.atwiki.jp/washisen/pages/46.html
KUSANO バットの芯でとらえた鋭いライナー性の打球が、相手野手の真正面に飛んでアウトになること。 草野大輔に特にこういった打球が多いことから名付けられた。 その草野を師と仰ぐようになった中村真人もいずれKUSANOが増えるかもしれない。
https://w.atwiki.jp/vocaloidenglishlyric/pages/849.html
【Tags Gumi Yonabe-P tA tF tT tW A】 Original Music title 歩く魚 English music title Walking Fish / Fish That Walks Romaji music title Aruku Sakana Music Lyrics written, Voice edited by 夜なべP (Yonabe-P) Music arranged by 夜なべP (Yonabe-P) Singer(s) Gumi (Megpoid) Click here for the original Japanese Lyrics English Lyrics (translated by nori46)： At the bottom of dark blue we were born At the bottom of dark blue we seek for light To the place far away, to the place far away On the outside of the dark blue the light overflows and spreads To the place far away, to the place far away Sun light streams down the skin Dragging it along on the ground Now, where is the world I haven t ever seen, Euphoria Sun light streams down the hands Dragging it along on the ground Now, the world I haven t ever seen is there, it s here, Euphoria Romaji lyrics (transliterated by motokokusanagi2009)： kurai ao no soko de bokura wa umareta kurai ao no soko de hikari o motom te tōku made tōku made kurai ao no soto wa hikari ga afure te tōku made tōku made Sun light hifu tsutawatte tsuchi no ue o hiki zutte mita koto mo nai sekai wa sā doko ni aru yūforia Sun light te o tsutatte tsuchi no ue o hiki zutte mita koto mo nai sekai ga ima soko ni aru koko ni aru yūforia [Yonabe-P, YonabeP]
https://w.atwiki.jp/musiki/pages/415.html
IDM Tympanik Audio アメリカ出身 Access To Arasakaは、アメリカのニューヨーク州出身であるRob Lioyによるソロプロジェクト。名義は、Netrunnerというカードゲームに登場する1枚のカードが元ネタ。 ライブを行わないことで知られる。DJは行うが、その数も少なくなってきているとのこと。明確な理由は本人でもわからないが、檜舞台に上がりたくないという心理が作用しているのでは、と語っている。 Aphex TwinのIZ-USを繰り返し聞いていたところ、電子音楽に目覚めた。 2007年、デンマークのネットレーベルillphabetikより、MP3アルバムMETAXを配信した。 2009年9月にはTympanik AudioとSpectraliquidより、1stアルバムOppidanをリリースした。このアルバムは、彼が書いた短編小説を元に制作されており、その内容は、普通の女学生が残忍なバンドメンバーに変わるというもの。舞台は未来のデトロイトである。このエピソードが物語る通り、彼はSF小説が気に入っており、特にウィリアムギブスンやニール・アッシャーなどを好んで読む。 2010年には再びTympanikより2ndアルバムvoid();をリリースした。 使用機材 ALESIS - ion KORG-M50 KORG - Microkorg KORG - Electribe A EA-1 Roland - SH-101 Sirkut - Electronics SNB Synth Noise Box MOTU - Traveler Sample(Vellocet) Links 公式 My Space twitter
https://w.atwiki.jp/satoschi/pages/4320.html
* ｜Niger-Congo languages｜Atlantic-Congo languages｜Volta-Congo languages｜Benue-Congo languages｜Bantoid languages｜Southern Bantoid languages｜｜Narrow Bantu languages｜Central Narrow Bantu languages｜Central Narrow Bantu P languages｜ 言語類型 現用言語 使用文字 type living language writing system ISO 639-3 【xsq】 言語名別称 alternate names Esaaka Isaanga Ishanga Saaka Saanga Saka Sanga 方言名 dialect names Saka (Esaaka) Rati (Erati) 参考文献 references WEB ISO 639-3 Registration Authority - SIL International the LINGUIST List Ethnologue