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The Acts of the Apostles (Ancient Greek Πράξεις τῶν Ἀποστόλων, Práxeis tôn Apostólōn; Latin Āctūs Apostolōrum), often referred to simply as Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian church and the spread of its message to the Roman empire.[1] Acts is the second half of a two-part work, referred to as Luke-Acts, by the same anonymous author, referred to as Luke the Evangelist, and usually dated to around 80-90 CE.[2][3] The first part, the Gospel of Luke, tells how God fulfilled his plan for the world s salvation through the life, death and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth, the promised Messiah. Acts continues the story of Christianity in the 1st century, beginning with the Ascension of Christ. The early chapters, set in Jerusalem, describe the Day of Pentecost (the coming of the Holy Spirit) and the growth of the church in Jerusalem. Initially the Jews are receptive to the Christian message, but soon they turn against the followers of the Messiah. Rejected by the Jews, under the guidance of the Apostle Peter the message is taken to the Gentiles. The later chapters tell of Paul s conversion, his mission in Asia Minor and the Aegean, and finally his imprisonment in Rome, where, as the book ends, he awaits trial. Luke-Acts is an attempt to answer a theological problem, namely how the Messiah of the Jews came to have an overwhelmingly non-Jewish church; the answer it provides, and its central theme, is that the message of Christ was sent to the Gentiles because the Jews rejected it.[1] Contents [hide] 1 Composition and setting 1.1 Title, unity of Luke-Acts, authorship and date 1.2 Genre, sources and historicity of Acts 1.3 Audience and authorial intent 1.4 Manuscripts 2 Structure and content 2.1 Structure 2.2 Outline 2.3 Content 3 Theology 4 Comparison with other writings 4.1 Gospel of Luke 4.2 Pauline epistles 5 See also 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External links Composition and setting[edit] Main article Authorship of Luke–Acts Ministry of the Apostles Russian icon by Fyodor Zubov, 1660 Title, unity of Luke-Acts, authorship and date[edit] The title "Acts of the Apostles" (Greek Πράξεις ἀποστόλων Praxeis Apostolon) was first used by Irenaeus in the late 2nd century. It is not known whether this was an existing title or one invented by Irenaeus; it does seem clear, however, that it was not given by the author.[4] The gospel of Luke and Acts make up a two-volume work which scholars call Luke-Acts.[3] Together they account for 27.5% of the New Testament, the largest contribution attributed to a single author, providing the framework for both the Church s liturgical calendar and the historical outline into which later generations have fitted their idea of the story of Jesus and the early church.[5] The author is not named in either volume.[6] According to Church tradition dating from the 2nd century, he was the "Luke" named as a companion of the apostle Paul in three of the letters attributed to Paul himself; this view is still sometimes advanced, but "a critical consensus emphasizes the countless contradictions between the account in Acts and the authentic Pauline letters."[7] (An example can be seen by comparing Acts accounts of Paul s conversion (Acts 9 1-31, 22 6-21, and 26 9-23) with Paul s own statement that he remained unknown to Christians in Judea after that event (Galatians 1 17-24).)[8] He admired Paul, but his theology was significantly different from Paul s on key points and he does not (in Acts) represent Paul s views accurately.[9] He was educated, a man of means, probably urban, and someone who respected manual work, although not a worker himself; this is significant, because more high-brow writers of the time looked down on the artisans and small business-people who made up the early church of Paul and were presumably Luke s audience.[10] The earliest possible date for the composition of Acts is set by the events with which it ends, Paul s imprisonment in Rome c.63 CE, but an early date is now rarely put forward.[11][12] The last possible date would be set by its first definite citation by another author, but there is no unanimity on this–some scholars find echoes of Acts in a work from c.95 CE called I Clement, while others see no indisputable citation until the middle of the 2nd century.[11] If Acts uses Josephus as a source, as has been proposed, then it must have been composed after 93 CE; it does not show any knowledge of Paul s letters, a fact which also supports a late date; and the social situation it reflects is one in which the faithful need "shepherds" to protect them from heretical (possibly Marcionite) "wolves", which again reflects a late date.[11] Most experts therefore date it to around 80-90 CE, although some suggest 90-110, [2] and there is evidence that it was still being substantially revised well into the 2nd century.[13] Genre, sources and historicity of Acts[edit] Luke (or more accurately the anonymous author of Luke-Acts) describes his work, Luke-Acts, as a "narrative" (diegesis). Acts, the second part, is widely thought of as a history, but it lacks exact analogies in Hellenistic or Jewish literature.[14] The title "Acts of the Apostles" (Praxeis Apostolon) would seem to identify it with the genre telling of the deeds and achievements of great men (praxeis), but it was not the title given by the author.[4] Luke seems to have taken as his model the works of two respected Classical authors, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, who wrote a well-known history of Rome, and the Jewish historian Josephus, author of a history of the Jews.[15] Like them he anchors his history by dating the birth of the founder (Romulus for Dionysius, Moses for Josephus, Jesus for Luke) and like them he tells how the founder is born from God, taught authoritatively, and appeared to witnesses after death before ascending to heaven.[15] By and large the sources for Acts can only be guessed at,[16] but Luke would have had access to the Septuagint (a Greek translation of the Jewish scriptures), the gospel of Mark and the collection of "sayings of Jesus" called the Q source.[17] He transposed a few incidents from Mark s gospel to the time of the Apostles – for example, the material about "clean" and "unclean" foods in Mark 7 is used in Acts 10, and Mark s account of the accusation that Jesus has attacked the Temple (Mark 14 58) is used in a story about Stephen (Acts 6 14).)[18] There are also points of contacts (meaning suggestive parallels but something less than clear evidence) with 1 Peter, the Letter to the Hebrews, and 1 Clement.[19] Other sources can only be inferred from internal evidence – the traditional explanation of the three "we" passages, for example, is that they represent eye-witness accounts.[20] The search for such inferred sources was popular in the 19th century, but by the mid-20th it had largely been abandoned.[21] Acts was read as a reliable history of the early church well into the post-Reformation era. By the 17th century, however, biblical scholars began to notice that it was incomplete and tendentious – its picture of a harmonious church is quite at odds with that given by Paul s letters, and it omits important events such as the deaths of both Peter and Paul. The mid-19th century scholar Ferdinand Baur suggested that Luke had re-written history to present a united Peter and Paul and advance a single orthodoxy against the Marcionites. (Marcion was a 2nd-century heretic who wished to cut Christianity off entirely from the Jews). Baur continues to have enormous influence, but today there is less interest in determining Luke s historical accuracy (although this has never died out) than in understanding his theological program.[22] Audience and authorial intent[edit] Luke was written to be read aloud to a group of Jesus-followers gathered in a house to share the Lord s supper.[15] The author assumes an educated Greek-speaking audience, but directs his attention to specifically Christian concerns rather than to the Greco-Roman world at large.[23] He begins his gospel with a preface addressed to Theophilus, informing him of his intention to provide an "ordered account" of events which will lead his reader to "certainty".[10] He did not write in order to provide Theophilus with historical justification – "did it happen?" – but to encourage faith – "what happened, and what does it all mean?"[24] Acts (or Luke-Acts) is intended as a work of "edification."[25] Edification means "the empirical demonstration that virtue is superior to vice,"[26] but is not all of Luke s purpose. He also engages with the question of a Christian s proper relationship with the Roman Empire, the civil power of the day could a Christian obey God and also Caesar? The answer is ambiguous.[27] The Romans never move against Jesus or his followers unless provoked by the Jews, in the trial scenes the Christian missionaries are always cleared of charges of violating Roman laws, and Acts ends with Paul in Rome proclaiming the Christian message under Roman protection; at the same time, Luke makes clear that the Romans, like all earthly rulers, receive their authority from Satan, while Christ is ruler of the kingdom of God. [28] Luke-Acts can be also seen as a defense of (or "apology" for) the Jesus movement addressed to the Jews the bulk of the speeches and sermons in Acts are addressed to Jewish audiences, with the Romans featuring as external arbiters on disputes concerning Jewish customs and law.[27] On the one hand Luke portrays the Christians as a sect of the Jews, and therefore entitled to legal protection as a recognised religion; on the other, Luke seems unclear as to the future God intends for Jews and Christians, celebrating the Jewishness of Jesus and his immediate followers while also stressing how the Jews had rejected God s promised Messiah.[29] Manuscripts[edit] There are two major textual variants of Luke-Acts, the Western text-type and the Alexandrian. The oldest complete Alexandrian manuscripts date from the 4th century and the oldest Western ones from the 6th, with fragments and citations going back to the 3rd. Western texts of Acts are 10% longer than Alexandrian texts, the additions tending to enhance the Jewish rejection of the Messiah and the role of the Holy Spirit, in ways that are stylistically different from the rest of Acts.[30] These conflicts suggest that Luke-Acts was still being substantially revised well into the 2nd century.[13] The majority of scholars prefer the Alexandrian (shorter) text-type over the Western as the more authentic, but this same argument would favour the Western over the Alexandrian for the gospel of Luke, as in that case the Western version is the shorter. The debate therefore continues.[30] Structure and content[edit] Acts 1 1-2a from the 14th century Minuscule 223 Structure[edit] Acts has two key structural principles. The first is the geographic movement from Jerusalem, centre of God s Covenantal people the Jews, to Rome, centre of the Gentile world. This structure reaches back to the author s preceding work, the Gospel of Luke, and is signaled by parallel scenes such as Paul s utterance in Acts 19 21, which echoes Jesus words 9 51 (Paul has Rome as his destination, as Jesus had Jerusalem). The second key element is the roles of Peter and Paul, the first representing the Jewish Christian church, the second the mission to the Gentiles.[31] Transition reprise of the preface addressed to Theophilus and the closing events of the gospel (Acts 1-1 26) Petrine Christianity the Jewish church from Jerusalem to Antioch (Acts 2 1-12 25) 2 1-8 1 - beginnings in Jerusalem 8 2-40 - the church expands to Samaria and beyond 9 1-31 - conversion of Paul 9 32-12 25 - the conversion of Cornelius, and the formation of the Antioch church Pauline Christianity the Gentile mission from Antioch to Rome (Acts 13 1-28 21) 13 1-14 28 - the Gentile mission is promoted from Antioch 15 1-35 - the Gentile mission is confirmed in Jerusalem 15 36-28 31 - the Gentile mission, climaxing in Paul s passion story in Rome (21 17-28 31) Outline[edit] Dedication to Theophilus (1 1–2) Resurrection appearances (1 3) Great Commission (1 4–8) Ascension (1 9) Second Coming Prophecy (1 10–11) Matthias replaced Judas (1 12–26) the Upper Room (1 13) Holy Spirit came at Pentecost (2), see also Paraclete Peter healed a crippled beggar (3 1–10) Peter s speech at the Temple (3 11–26) Peter and John before the Sanhedrin (4 1–22) Resurrection of the dead (4 2) Believers Prayer (4 23–31) Everything is shared (4 32–37) Ananias and Sapphira (5 1–11) Signs and Wonders (5 12–16) Apostles before the Sanhedrin (5 17–42) Seven Greeks appointed (6 1–7) Saint Stephen before the Sanhedrin (6 8–7 60) The "Cave of the Patriarchs" was located in Shechem (7 16) "Moses was educated in all the wisdom of the Egyptians" (7 22) First mentioning of Saul (Paul the Apostle) in the Bible (7 58) Paul the Apostle confesses his part in the martyrdom of Stephen (7 58-60) Saul persecuted the Church of Jerusalem (8 1–3) Philip the Evangelist (8 4–40) Simon Magus (8 9–24) Ethiopian eunuch (8 26–39) Conversion of Paul the Apostle (9 1–31, 22 1–22, 26 9–24) Paul the Apostle confesses his active part in the martyrdom of Stephen (22 20) Peter healed Aeneas and raised Tabitha from the dead (9 32–43) Conversion of Cornelius (10 1–8, 24–48) Peter s vision of a sheet with animals (10 9–23, 11 1–18) Church of Antioch founded (11 19–30) term "Christian" first used (11 26) Saint James the Great executed (12 1–2) Peter s rescue from prison (12 3–19) Death of Herod Agrippa I [in 44] (12 20–25) "the voice of a god" (12 22) Mission of Barnabas and Saul (13–14) "Saul, who was also known as Paul" (13 9) called "gods ... in human form" (14 11) Council of Jerusalem (15 1–35) Paul separated from Barnabas (15 36–41) 2nd and 3rd missions (16–20) Areopagus sermon (17 16-34) "God...has set a day" (17 30–31) Trial before Gallio c. 51–52 (18 12–17) Trip to Jerusalem (21) Before the people and the Sanhedrin (22–23) Before Felix–Festus–Agrippa II (24–26) Trip to Rome (27–28) called a god on Malta (28 6) Content[edit] See also Early Christianity and Jewish Christians The Gospel of Luke began with a prologue addressed to Theophilus; Acts likewise opens with an address to Theophilus and refers to "my earlier book", almost certainly the gospel. The apostles and other followers of Jesus meet and elect Matthias to replace Judas as a member of The Twelve. On Pentecost, the Holy Spirit descends and confers God s power on them, and Peter, along with John, preaches to many in Jerusalem, and performs Christ-like healings, casting out of evil spirits, and raising of the dead. At first many Jews follow Christ and are baptized, but the Christians begin to be increasingly persecuted by the Jews. Stephen is arrested for blasphemy, and after a trial, is found guilty and stoned by the Jews. Stephen s death marks a major turning point the Jews have rejected the message, and henceforth it will be taken to the Gentiles.[32] The message is taken to the Samaritans, a people rejected by Jews, and to the Gentiles. Saul of Tarsus, one of the Jews who persecuted the Christians, is converted by a vision to become a follower of Christ (an event which Luke regards as so important that he relates it three times). Peter, directed by a series of visions, preaches to Cornelius the Centurion, a Gentile God-fearer, who becomes a follower of Christ. The Holy Spirit descends on Peter and Cornelius, thus confirming that the message of eternal life in Christ is for all mankind. The Gentile church is established in Antioch (north-western Syria, the third-largest city of the empire), and here Christ s followers are first called Christians.[33] The mission to the Gentiles is promoted from Antioch and confirmed at meeting in Jerusalem between Paul and the leadership of the Jerusalem church. Paul spends the next few years traveling through western Asia Minor and the Aegean,preaching, converting Gentiles, and founding new churches. On a visit to Jerusalem he is set on by a Jewish mob. Saved by the Roman commander, he is accused by the Jews of being a revolutionary, the "ringleader of the sect of the Nazarenes", and imprisoned. Paul asserts his right as a Roman citizen, to be tried in Rome and is sent by sea to Rome, where he spends another two years under house arrest, proclaiming the Kingdom of God and teaching the "Lord Jesus Christ". Acts ends abruptly without recording the outcome of Paul s legal troubles.[citation needed] Theology[edit] Paul s conversion, from Livre d Heures d Étienne Chevalier (c. 1450–1460), Jean Fouquet, in the Château de Chantilly. Prior to the 1950s Luke-Acts was seen as a historical work, written to defend Christianity before the Romans or Paul against his detractors; since then, however, the tendency has been to see the work as primarily theological.[34] Luke s theology is expressed primarily through his overarching plot, the way scenes, themes and characters combine to construct his specific worldview.[35] His "salvation history" stretches from the Creation to the present time of his readers, in three ages first, the time of "the Law and the Prophets" (Luke 16 16), the period beginning with Genesis and ending with the appearance of John the Baptist (Luke 1 5-3 1); second, the epoch of Jesus, in which the Kingdom of God was preached (Luke 3 2-24 51); and finally the period of the Church, which began when the risen Christ was taken into Heaven, and would end with his second coming.[36] Luke-Acts is an attempt to answer a theological problem, namely how the Messiah promised to the Jews came to have an overwhelmingly non-Jewish church; the answer it provides, and its central theme, is that the message of Christ was sent to the Gentiles because the Jews rejected it.[1] This theme is introduced at the opening of the gospel of Luke, when Jesus, rejected in Nazareth, recalls that the prophets were rejected by Israel and accepted by Gentiles; at the end of the gospel he commands his disciples to preach his message to all nations, "beginning from Jerusalem." He repeats the command in Acts, telling them to preach "in Jerusalem, in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the Earth." They then proceed to do so, in the order outlined first Jerusalem, then Judea, then Samaria, then the entire (Roman) world.[37] For Luke, the Holy Spirit is the driving force behind the spread of the Christian message, and he places more emphasis on it than do any of the other evangelists. The Spirit is "poured out" at Pentecost, on the first Samaritan and Gentile believers, and on disciples who had been baptised only by John the Baptist, each time as a sign of God s approval. The Holy Spirit represents God s power (At his ascension, Jesus tells his followers, "You shall receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you") through it the disciples are given speech to convert thousands in Jerusalem, forming the first church (the term is used for the first time in Acts 5).[38] Comparison with other writings[edit] Saint Paul Writing His Epistles, ascribed to Valentin de Boulogne, 17th century Gospel of Luke[edit] As the second part of the two-part work Luke-Acts, Acts has significant links to the gospel of Luke. Major turning points in the structure of Acts, for example, find parallels in Luke the presentation of the child Jesus in the Temple parallels the opening of Acts in the Temple, Jesus forty days of testing in the wilderness prior to his mission parallel the forty days prior to his Ascension in Acts, the mission of Jesus in Samaria and the Decapolis (the lands of the Samaritans and Gentiles) parallels the missions of the Apostles in Samaria and the Gentile lands, and so on (see Gospel of Luke). These parallels continue through both books.[39] There are also differences between Luke and Acts, amounting at times to outright contradiction. For example, the gospel seems to place the Ascension on Easter Sunday, immediately after the Resurrection, while Acts 1 puts it forty days later.[40] There are similar conflicts over the theology. While not seriously questioning the single authorship of Luke-Acts, these differences do suggest the need for caution in seeking too much consistency in books written in essence as popular literature.[41] Pauline epistles[edit] Acts agrees with Paul s letters on the major outline of Paul s career as Saul he is converted and becomes Paul the Christian missionary and apostle, establishing new churches in Asia Minor and the Aegean and struggling to free Gentile Christians from the Jewish Law. There are also agreements on many incidents, such as Paul s escape from Damascus, where he is lowered down the walls in a basket. But details of these same incidents are frequently contradictory for example, according to Paul it was a pagan king who was trying to arrest him in Damascus, but according to Luke it was, characteristically, the Jews (2 Corinthians 11 33 and Acts 9 24). Many of the disagreements are not so immediately obvious Acts speaks of "Christians" and "disciples", but Paul never uses either term, and there are striking differences in the accounts of Paul s relationship with the Jerusalem church and its leaders (Acts 9-15 vs. Galatians 1-2). Acts omits much from the letters, notably Paul s problems with his congregations (internal difficulties are said to be the fault of the Jews instead), and his apparent final rejection by the church leaders in Jerusalem (Acts has Paul and Barnabas deliver an offering that is accepted, a trip that has no mention in the letters). There are also major differences between Acts on Paul on Christology (the understanding of Christ s nature), eschatology (understanding of the "last things"), and apostleship.[42] See also[edit] Historical reliability of the Acts of the Apostles List of Gospels List of omitted Bible verses Textual variants in the Acts of the Apostles Acts of the Apostles (genre) Acts of Andrew Acts of Barnabas Acts of John Acts of the Martyrs Acts of Paul Acts of Paul and Thecla Acts of Peter Acts of Peter and Paul Acts of Peter and the Twelve Acts of Pilate Acts of Philip Acts of Thomas Acts of Timothy The Lost Chapter of the Acts of the Apostles References[edit] ^ Jump up to a b c Burkett 2002, p. 263. ^ Jump up to a b Charlesworth 2008, p. no page number. ^ Jump up to a b Burkett 2002, p. 195. ^ Jump up to a b Matthews 2011, p. 12. Jump up ^ Boring 2012, p. 556. Jump up ^ Burkett 2002, p. 196. Jump up ^ Theissen Merz 1998, p. 32. Jump up ^ Perkins 1998, p. 253. Jump up ^ Boring 2012, p. 590. ^ Jump up to a b Green 1997, p. 35. ^ Jump up to a b c Boring 2012, p. 587. Jump up ^ Theissen Merz 1996 [tr. 1998], p. 32. ^ Jump up to a b Perkins 2009, p. 250-253. Jump up ^ Aune 1988, p. 77. ^ Jump up to a b c Balch 2003, p. 1104. Jump up ^ Bruce 1990, p. 40. Jump up ^ Boring 2012, p. 577. Jump up ^ Witherington 1998, p. 8. Jump up ^ Boring 2012, p. 578. Jump up ^ Bruce 1990, p. 40-41. Jump up ^ Boring 2012, p. 579. Jump up ^ Holladay 2011, p. no page numbers. Jump up ^ Green 1995, p. 16-17. Jump up ^ Green 1997, p. 36. Jump up ^ Fitzmyer 1998, p. 55-65. Jump up ^ Aune 1988, p. 80. ^ Jump up to a b Pickett 2011, p. 6-7. Jump up ^ Boring 2012, p. 562. Jump up ^ Boring 2012, p. 563. ^ Jump up to a b Thompson 2010, p. 332. Jump up ^ Boring 2012, p. 569-570. Jump up ^ Burkett 2002, p. 265. Jump up ^ Burkett 2002, p. 266. Jump up ^ Buckwalter 1996, p. 6. Jump up ^ Allen 2009, p. 326. Jump up ^ Evans 2011, p. no page numbers. Jump up ^ Burkett 2002, p. 264. Jump up ^ Burkett 2002, p. 268-270. Jump up ^ Tremmel 2011, p. 59. Jump up ^ Zwiep 2010, p. 39. Jump up ^ Parsons 1993, p. 17-18. Jump up ^ Boring 2012, p. 581, 588-590.The Acts of the Apostles (Ancient Greek Πράξεις τῶν Ἀποστόλων, Práxeis tôn Apostólōn; Latin Āctūs Apostolōrum), often referred to simply as Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian church and the spread of its message to the Roman empire.[1] Acts is the second half of a two-part work, referred to as Luke-Acts, by the same anonymous author, referred to as Luke the Evangelist, and usually dated to around 80-90 CE.[2][3] The first part, the Gospel of Luke, tells how God fulfilled his plan for the world s salvation through the life, death and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth, the promised Messiah. Acts continues the story of Christianity in the 1st century, beginning with the Ascension of Christ. The early chapters, set in Jerusalem, describe the Day of Pentecost (the coming of the Holy Spirit) and the growth of the church in Jerusalem. Initially the Jews are receptive to the Christian message, but soon they turn against the followers of the Messiah. Rejected by the Jews, under the guidance of the Apostle Peter the message is taken to the Gentiles. The later chapters tell of Paul s conversion, his mission in Asia Minor and the Aegean, and finally his imprisonment in Rome, where, as the book ends, he awaits trial. Luke-Acts is an attempt to answer a theological problem, namely how the Messiah of the Jews came to have an overwhelmingly non-Jewish church; the answer it provides, and its central theme, is that the message of Christ was sent to the Gentiles because the Jews rejected it.[1] Contents [hide] 1 Composition and setting 1.1 Title, unity of Luke-Acts, authorship and date 1.2 Genre, sources and historicity of Acts 1.3 Audience and authorial intent 1.4 Manuscripts 2 Structure and content 2.1 Structure 2.2 Outline 2.3 Content 3 Theology 4 Comparison with other writings 4.1 Gospel of Luke 4.2 Pauline epistles 5 See also 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External links Composition and setting[edit] Main article Authorship of Luke–Acts Ministry of the Apostles Russian icon by Fyodor Zubov, 1660 Title, unity of Luke-Acts, authorship and date[edit] The title "Acts of the Apostles" (Greek Πράξεις ἀποστόλων Praxeis Apostolon) was first used by Irenaeus in the late 2nd century. It is not known whether this was an existing title or one invented by Irenaeus; it does seem clear, however, that it was not given by the author.[4] The gospel of Luke and Acts make up a two-volume work which scholars call Luke-Acts.[3] Together they account for 27.5% of the New Testament, the largest contribution attributed to a single author, providing the framework for both the Church s liturgical calendar and the historical outline into which later generations have fitted their idea of the story of Jesus and the early church.[5] The author is not named in either volume.[6] According to Church tradition dating from the 2nd century, he was the "Luke" named as a companion of the apostle Paul in three of the letters attributed to Paul himself; this view is still sometimes advanced, but "a critical consensus emphasizes the countless contradictions between the account in Acts and the authentic Pauline letters."[7] (An example can be seen by comparing Acts accounts of Paul s conversion (Acts 9 1-31, 22 6-21, and 26 9-23) with Paul s own statement that he remained unknown to Christians in Judea after that event (Galatians 1 17-24).)[8] He admired Paul, but his theology was significantly different from Paul s on key points and he does not (in Acts) represent Paul s views accurately.[9] He was educated, a man of means, probably urban, and someone who respected manual work, although not a worker himself; this is significant, because more high-brow writers of the time looked down on the artisans and small business-people who made up the early church of Paul and were presumably Luke s audience.[10] The earliest possible date for the composition of Acts is set by the events with which it ends, Paul s imprisonment in Rome c.63 CE, but an early date is now rarely put forward.[11][12] The last possible date would be set by its first definite citation by another author, but there is no unanimity on this–some scholars find echoes of Acts in a work from c.95 CE called I Clement, while others see no indisputable citation until the middle of the 2nd century.[11] If Acts uses Josephus as a source, as has been proposed, then it must have been composed after 93 CE; it does not show any knowledge of Paul s letters, a fact which also supports a late date; and the social situation it reflects is one in which the faithful need "shepherds" to protect them from heretical (possibly Marcionite) "wolves", which again reflects a late date.[11] Most experts therefore date it to around 80-90 CE, although some suggest 90-110, [2] and there is evidence that it was still being substantially revised well into the 2nd century.[13] Genre, sources and historicity of Acts[edit] Luke (or more accurately the anonymous author of Luke-Acts) describes his work, Luke-Acts, as a "narrative" (diegesis). Acts, the second part, is widely thought of as a history, but it lacks exact analogies in Hellenistic or Jewish literature.[14] The title "Acts of the Apostles" (Praxeis Apostolon) would seem to identify it with the genre telling of the deeds and achievements of great men (praxeis), but it was not the title given by the author.[4] Luke seems to have taken as his model the works of two respected Classical authors, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, who wrote a well-known history of Rome, and the Jewish historian Josephus, author of a history of the Jews.[15] Like them he anchors his history by dating the birth of the founder (Romulus for Dionysius, Moses for Josephus, Jesus for Luke) and like them he tells how the founder is born from God, taught authoritatively, and appeared to witnesses after death before ascending to heaven.[15] By and large the sources for Acts can only be guessed at,[16] but Luke would have had access to the Septuagint (a Greek translation of the Jewish scriptures), the gospel of Mark and the collection of "sayings of Jesus" called the Q source.[17] He transposed a few incidents from Mark s gospel to the time of the Apostles – for example, the material about "clean" and "unclean" foods in Mark 7 is used in Acts 10, and Mark s account of the accusation that Jesus has attacked the Temple (Mark 14 58) is used in a story about Stephen (Acts 6 14).)[18] There are also points of contacts (meaning suggestive parallels but something less than clear evidence) with 1 Peter, the Letter to the Hebrews, and 1 Clement.[19] Other sources can only be inferred from internal evidence – the traditional explanation of the three "we" passages, for example, is that they represent eye-witness accounts.[20] The search for such inferred sources was popular in the 19th century, but by the mid-20th it had largely been abandoned.[21] Acts was read as a reliable history of the early church well into the post-Reformation era. By the 17th century, however, biblical scholars began to notice that it was incomplete and tendentious – its picture of a harmonious church is quite at odds with that given by Paul s letters, and it omits important events such as the deaths of both Peter and Paul. The mid-19th century scholar Ferdinand Baur suggested that Luke had re-written history to present a united Peter and Paul and advance a single orthodoxy against the Marcionites. (Marcion was a 2nd-century heretic who wished to cut Christianity off entirely from the Jews). Baur continues to have enormous influence, but today there is less interest in determining Luke s historical accuracy (although this has never died out) than in understanding his theological program.[22] Audience and authorial intent[edit] Luke was written to be read aloud to a group of Jesus-followers gathered in a house to share the Lord s supper.[15] The author assumes an educated Greek-speaking audience, but directs his attention to specifically Christian concerns rather than to the Greco-Roman world at large.[23] He begins his gospel with a preface addressed to Theophilus, informing him of his intention to provide an "ordered account" of events which will lead his reader to "certainty".[10] He did not write in order to provide Theophilus with historical justification – "did it happen?" – but to encourage faith – "what happened, and what does it all mean?"[24] Acts (or Luke-Acts) is intended as a work of "edification."[25] Edification means "the empirical demonstration that virtue is superior to vice,"[26] but is not all of Luke s purpose. He also engages with the question of a Christian s proper relationship with the Roman Empire, the civil power of the day could a Christian obey God and also Caesar? The answer is ambiguous.[27] The Romans never move against Jesus or his followers unless provoked by the Jews, in the trial scenes the Christian missionaries are always cleared of charges of violating Roman laws, and Acts ends with Paul in Rome proclaiming the Christian message under Roman protection; at the same time, Luke makes clear that the Romans, like all earthly rulers, receive their authority from Satan, while Christ is ruler of the kingdom of God. [28] Luke-Acts can be also seen as a defense of (or "apology" for) the Jesus movement addressed to the Jews the bulk of the speeches and sermons in Acts are addressed to Jewish audiences, with the Romans featuring as external arbiters on disputes concerning Jewish customs and law.[27] On the one hand Luke portrays the Christians as a sect of the Jews, and therefore entitled to legal protection as a recognised religion; on the other, Luke seems unclear as to the future God intends for Jews and Christians, celebrating the Jewishness of Jesus and his immediate followers while also stressing how the Jews had rejected God s promised Messiah.[29] Manuscripts[edit] There are two major textual variants of Luke-Acts, the Western text-type and the Alexandrian. The oldest complete Alexandrian manuscripts date from the 4th century and the oldest Western ones from the 6th, with fragments and citations going back to the 3rd. Western texts of Acts are 10% longer than Alexandrian texts, the additions tending to enhance the Jewish rejection of the Messiah and the role of the Holy Spirit, in ways that are stylistically different from the rest of Acts.[30] These conflicts suggest that Luke-Acts was still being substantially revised well into the 2nd century.[13] The majority of scholars prefer the Alexandrian (shorter) text-type over the Western as the more authentic, but this same argument would favour the Western over the Alexandrian for the gospel of Luke, as in that case the Western version is the shorter. The debate therefore continues.[30] Structure and content[edit] Acts 1 1-2a from the 14th century Minuscule 223 Structure[edit] Acts has two key structural principles. The first is the geographic movement from Jerusalem, centre of God s Covenantal people the Jews, to Rome, centre of the Gentile world. This structure reaches back to the author s preceding work, the Gospel of Luke, and is signaled by parallel scenes such as Paul s utterance in Acts 19 21, which echoes Jesus words 9 51 (Paul has Rome as his destination, as Jesus had Jerusalem). The second key element is the roles of Peter and Paul, the first representing the Jewish Christian church, the second the mission to the Gentiles.[31] Transition reprise of the preface addressed to Theophilus and the closing events of the gospel (Acts 1-1 26) Petrine Christianity the Jewish church from Jerusalem to Antioch (Acts 2 1-12 25) 2 1-8 1 - beginnings in Jerusalem 8 2-40 - the church expands to Samaria and beyond 9 1-31 - conversion of Paul 9 32-12 25 - the conversion of Cornelius, and the formation of the Antioch church Pauline Christianity the Gentile mission from Antioch to Rome (Acts 13 1-28 21) 13 1-14 28 - the Gentile mission is promoted from Antioch 15 1-35 - the Gentile mission is confirmed in Jerusalem 15 36-28 31 - the Gentile mission, climaxing in Paul s passion story in Rome (21 17-28 31) Outline[edit] Dedication to Theophilus (1 1–2) Resurrection appearances (1 3) Great Commission (1 4–8) Ascension (1 9) Second Coming Prophecy (1 10–11) Matthias replaced Judas (1 12–26) the Upper Room (1 13) Holy Spirit came at Pentecost (2), see also Paraclete Peter healed a crippled beggar (3 1–10) Peter s speech at the Temple (3 11–26) Peter and John before the Sanhedrin (4 1–22) Resurrection of the dead (4 2) Believers Prayer (4 23–31) Everything is shared (4 32–37) Ananias and Sapphira (5 1–11) Signs and Wonders (5 12–16) Apostles before the Sanhedrin (5 17–42) Seven Greeks appointed (6 1–7) Saint Stephen before the Sanhedrin (6 8–7 60) The "Cave of the Patriarchs" was located in Shechem (7 16) "Moses was educated in all the wisdom of the Egyptians" (7 22) First mentioning of Saul (Paul the Apostle) in the Bible (7 58) Paul the Apostle confesses his part in the martyrdom of Stephen (7 58-60) Saul persecuted the Church of Jerusalem (8 1–3) Philip the Evangelist (8 4–40) Simon Magus (8 9–24) Ethiopian eunuch (8 26–39) Conversion of Paul the Apostle (9 1–31, 22 1–22, 26 9–24) Paul the Apostle confesses his active part in the martyrdom of Stephen (22 20) Peter healed Aeneas and raised Tabitha from the dead (9 32–43) Conversion of Cornelius (10 1–8, 24–48) Peter s vision of a sheet with animals (10 9–23, 11 1–18) Church of Antioch founded (11 19–30) term "Christian" first used (11 26) Saint James the Great executed (12 1–2) Peter s rescue from prison (12 3–19) Death of Herod Agrippa I [in 44] (12 20–25) "the voice of a god" (12 22) Mission of Barnabas and Saul (13–14) "Saul, who was also known as Paul" (13 9) called "gods ... in human form" (14 11) Council of Jerusalem (15 1–35) Paul separated from Barnabas (15 36–41) 2nd and 3rd missions (16–20) Areopagus sermon (17 16-34) "God...has set a day" (17 30–31) Trial before Gallio c. 51–52 (18 12–17) Trip to Jerusalem (21) Before the people and the Sanhedrin (22–23) Before Felix–Festus–Agrippa II (24–26) Trip to Rome (27–28) called a god on Malta (28 6) Content[edit] See also Early Christianity and Jewish Christians The Gospel of Luke began with a prologue addressed to Theophilus; Acts likewise opens with an address to Theophilus and refers to "my earlier book", almost certainly the gospel. The apostles and other followers of Jesus meet and elect Matthias to replace Judas as a member of The Twelve. On Pentecost, the Holy Spirit descends and confers God s power on them, and Peter, along with John, preaches to many in Jerusalem, and performs Christ-like healings, casting out of evil spirits, and raising of the dead. At first many Jews follow Christ and are baptized, but the Christians begin to be increasingly persecuted by the Jews. Stephen is arrested for blasphemy, and after a trial, is found guilty and stoned by the Jews. Stephen s death marks a major turning point the Jews have rejected the message, and henceforth it will be taken to the Gentiles.[32] The message is taken to the Samaritans, a people rejected by Jews, and to the Gentiles. Saul of Tarsus, one of the Jews who persecuted the Christians, is converted by a vision to become a follower of Christ (an event which Luke regards as so important that he relates it three times). Peter, directed by a series of visions, preaches to Cornelius the Centurion, a Gentile God-fearer, who becomes a follower of Christ. The Holy Spirit descends on Peter and Cornelius, thus confirming that the message of eternal life in Christ is for all mankind. The Gentile church is established in Antioch (north-western Syria, the third-largest city of the empire), and here Christ s followers are first called Christians.[33] The mission to the Gentiles is promoted from Antioch and confirmed at meeting in Jerusalem between Paul and the leadership of the Jerusalem church. Paul spends the next few years traveling through western Asia Minor and the Aegean,preaching, converting Gentiles, and founding new churches. On a visit to Jerusalem he is set on by a Jewish mob. Saved by the Roman commander, he is accused by the Jews of being a revolutionary, the "ringleader of the sect of the Nazarenes", and imprisoned. Paul asserts his right as a Roman citizen, to be tried in Rome and is sent by sea to Rome, where he spends another two years under house arrest, proclaiming the Kingdom of God and teaching the "Lord Jesus Christ". Acts ends abruptly without recording the outcome of Paul s legal troubles.[citation needed] Theology[edit] Paul s conversion, from Livre d Heures d Étienne Chevalier (c. 1450–1460), Jean Fouquet, in the Château de Chantilly. Prior to the 1950s Luke-Acts was seen as a historical work, written to defend Christianity before the Romans or Paul against his detractors; since then, however, the tendency has been to see the work as primarily theological.[34] Luke s theology is expressed primarily through his overarching plot, the way scenes, themes and characters combine to construct his specific worldview.[35] His "salvation history" stretches from the Creation to the present time of his readers, in three ages first, the time of "the Law and the Prophets" (Luke 16 16), the period beginning with Genesis and ending with the appearance of John the Baptist (Luke 1 5-3 1); second, the epoch of Jesus, in which the Kingdom of God was preached (Luke 3 2-24 51); and finally the period of the Church, which began when the risen Christ was taken into Heaven, and would end with his second coming.[36] Luke-Acts is an attempt to answer a theological problem, namely how the Messiah promised to the Jews came to have an overwhelmingly non-Jewish church; the answer it provides, and its central theme, is that the message of Christ was sent to the Gentiles because the Jews rejected it.[1] This theme is introduced at the opening of the gospel of Luke, when Jesus, rejected in Nazareth, recalls that the prophets were rejected by Israel and accepted by Gentiles; at the end of the gospel he commands his disciples to preach his message to all nations, "beginning from Jerusalem." He repeats the command in Acts, telling them to preach "in Jerusalem, in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the Earth." They then proceed to do so, in the order outlined first Jerusalem, then Judea, then Samaria, then the entire (Roman) world.[37] For Luke, the Holy Spirit is the driving force behind the spread of the Christian message, and he places more emphasis on it than do any of the other evangelists. The Spirit is "poured out" at Pentecost, on the first Samaritan and Gentile believers, and on disciples who had been baptised only by John the Baptist, each time as a sign of God s approval. The Holy Spirit represents God s power (At his ascension, Jesus tells his followers, "You shall receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you") through it the disciples are given speech to convert thousands in Jerusalem, forming the first church (the term is used for the first time in Acts 5).[38] Comparison with other writings[edit] Saint Paul Writing His Epistles, ascribed to Valentin de Boulogne, 17th century Gospel of Luke[edit] As the second part of the two-part work Luke-Acts, Acts has significant links to the gospel of Luke. Major turning points in the structure of Acts, for example, find parallels in Luke the presentation of the child Jesus in the Temple parallels the opening of Acts in the Temple, Jesus forty days of testing in the wilderness prior to his mission parallel the forty days prior to his Ascension in Acts, the mission of Jesus in Samaria and the Decapolis (the lands of the Samaritans and Gentiles) parallels the missions of the Apostles in Samaria and the Gentile lands, and so on (see Gospel of Luke). These parallels continue through both books.[39] There are also differences between Luke and Acts, amounting at times to outright contradiction. For example, the gospel seems to place the Ascension on Easter Sunday, immediately after the Resurrection, while Acts 1 puts it forty days later.[40] There are similar conflicts over the theology. While not seriously questioning the single authorship of Luke-Acts, these differences do suggest the need for caution in seeking too much consistency in books written in essence as popular literature.[41] Pauline epistles[edit] Acts agrees with Paul s letters on the major outline of Paul s career as Saul he is converted and becomes Paul the Christian missionary and apostle, establishing new churches in Asia Minor and the Aegean and struggling to free Gentile Christians from the Jewish Law. There are also agreements on many incidents, such as Paul s escape from Damascus, where he is lowered down the walls in a basket. But details of these same incidents are frequently contradictory for example, according to Paul it was a pagan king who was trying to arrest him in Damascus, but according to Luke it was, characteristically, the Jews (2 Corinthians 11 33 and Acts 9 24). Many of the disagreements are not so immediately obvious Acts speaks of "Christians" and "disciples", but Paul never uses either term, and there are striking differences in the accounts of Paul s relationship with the Jerusalem church and its leaders (Acts 9-15 vs. Galatians 1-2). Acts omits much from the letters, notably Paul s problems with his congregations (internal difficulties are said to be the fault of the Jews instead), and his apparent final rejection by the church leaders in Jerusalem (Acts has Paul and Barnabas deliver an offering that is accepted, a trip that has no mention in the letters). There are also major differences between Acts on Paul on Christology (the understanding of Christ s nature), eschatology (understanding of the "last things"), and apostleship.[42] See also[edit] Historical reliability of the Acts of the Apostles List of Gospels List of omitted Bible verses Textual variants in the Acts of the Apostles Acts of the Apostles (genre) Acts of Andrew Acts of Barnabas Acts of John Acts of the Martyrs Acts of Paul Acts of Paul and Thecla Acts of Peter Acts of Peter and Paul Acts of Peter and the Twelve Acts of Pilate Acts of Philip Acts of Thomas Acts of Timothy The Lost Chapter of the Acts of the Apostles References[edit] ^ Jump up to a b c Burkett 2002, p. 263. ^ Jump up to a b Charlesworth 2008, p. no page number. ^ Jump up to a b Burkett 2002, p. 195. ^ Jump up to a b Matthews 2011, p. 12. Jump up ^ Boring 2012, p. 556. Jump up ^ Burkett 2002, p. 196. Jump up ^ Theissen Merz 1998, p. 32. Jump up ^ Perkins 1998, p. 253. Jump up ^ Boring 2012, p. 590. ^ Jump up to a b Green 1997, p. 35. ^ Jump up to a b c Boring 2012, p. 587. Jump up ^ Theissen Merz 1996 [tr. 1998], p. 32. ^ Jump up to a b Perkins 2009, p. 250-253. Jump up ^ Aune 1988, p. 77. ^ Jump up to a b c Balch 2003, p. 1104. Jump up ^ Bruce 1990, p. 40. Jump up ^ Boring 2012, p. 577. Jump up ^ Witherington 1998, p. 8. Jump up ^ Boring 2012, p. 578. Jump up ^ Bruce 1990, p. 40-41. Jump up ^ Boring 2012, p. 579. Jump up ^ Holladay 2011, p. no page numbers. Jump up ^ Green 1995, p. 16-17. Jump up ^ Green 1997, p. 36. Jump up ^ Fitzmyer 1998, p. 55-65. Jump up ^ Aune 1988, p. 80. ^ Jump up to a b Pickett 2011, p. 6-7. Jump up ^ Boring 2012, p. 562. Jump up ^ Boring 2012, p. 563. ^ Jump up to a b Thompson 2010, p. 332. Jump up ^ Boring 2012, p. 569-570. Jump up ^ Burkett 2002, p. 265. Jump up ^ Burkett 2002, p. 266. Jump up ^ Buckwalter 1996, p. 6. Jump up ^ Allen 2009, p. 326. Jump up ^ Evans 2011, p. no page numbers. Jump up ^ Burkett 2002, p. 264. Jump up ^ Burkett 2002, p. 268-270. Jump up ^ Tremmel 2011, p. 59. Jump up ^ Zwiep 2010, p. 39. Jump up ^ Parsons 1993, p. 17-18. Jump up ^ Boring 2012, p. 581, 588-590.
https://w.atwiki.jp/pyopyo0124/pages/60.html
CHAPTER XXX UP CHAPTER XXXII CHAPTER XXXI Where the Brook and River Meet 「Where the Brook and River Meet」松本訳注第31章(1) p. 522参照 第31章 小川と河が出会うところ（松本訳） Anne had her "good" summer and enjoyed it wholeheartedly. She and Diana fairly lived outdoors, reveling in all the delights that Lover s Lane and the Dryad s Bubble and Willowmere and Victoria Island afforded. Marilla offered no objections to Anne s gypsyings. 「gypsyings」昨今のPCでは使えませんね、もう。PC Politically Correctness The Spencervale doctor who had come the night Minnie May had the croup met Anne at the house of a patient one afternoon early in vacation, looked her over sharply, screwed up his mouth, shook his head, and sent a message to Marilla Cuthbert by another person. It was "Keep that redheaded girl of yours in the open air all summer and don t let her read books until she gets more spring into her step." 「spring」ばね。でも、もちろん、春とも同じ単語。青春時代という意味もある。ということは、「もう少し、青春時代（というか思春期というか）に彼女の足取りを進める」というような意味あいが込められていたりするのではないか、と勘繰ってしまう。文法的には違うかもしれませんけど…… This message frightened Marilla wholesomely. She read Anne s death warrant by consumption in it unless it was scrupulously obeyed. As a result, Anne had the golden summer of her life as far as freedom and frolic went. She walked, rowed, berried, and dreamed to her heart s content; 「berried」動詞！プリンスエドワード島の夏には、どんなベリーの類が採れるんでしょう？松本訳では「スグリや木苺（ラズベリー）」となっています（p. 361） and when September came she was bright-eyed and alert, with a step that would have satisfied the Spencervale doctor and a heart full of ambition and zest once more. "I feel just like studying with might and main," 「with might and main」成句：全力を尽して。mightもmainも力。ニュアンスがちょっとわかりません…… Merrian-Webster On Lineによると、might = power (the power, energy, or intensity of which one is capable)、main = force (physical strength)ということなので、mightが湧きでる力で、mainは体力に近いのでしょうか she declared as she brought her books down from the attic. 「attic」はアンの部屋じゃなくて、別にある屋根裏部屋かもしれない、とここを読んで思いました "Oh, you good old friends, I m glad to see your honest faces once more--yes, even you, geometry. I ve had a perfectly beautiful summer, Marilla, and now I m rejoicing as a strong man to run a race, 「now I m rejoicing as a strong man to run a race」松本訳注第31章(2) p. 523参照 as Mr. Allan said last Sunday. Doesn t Mr. Allan preach magnificent sermons? Mrs. Lynde says he is improving every day and the first thing we know some city church will gobble him up 「gobble」がつがつ食う。なので、upが付くのね…… and then we ll be left and have to turn to and break in another green preacher. 「green」青二才、うぶな But I don t see the use of meeting trouble halfway, do you, Marilla? I think it would be better just to enjoy Mr. Allan while we have him. If I were a man I think I d be a minister. They can have such an influence for good, if their theology is sound; and it must be thrilling to preach splendid sermons and stir your hearers hearts. Why can t women be ministers, Marilla? 「Why can t women be ministers, Marilla?」松本訳注第31章(3) p. 523参照 I asked Mrs. Lynde that and she was shocked and said it would be a scandalous thing. She said there might be female ministers in the States and she believed there was, but thank goodness we hadn t got to that stage in Canada yet and she hoped we never would. But I don t see why. I think women would make splendid ministers. When there is a social to be got up or a church tea or anything else to raise money the women have to turn to and do the work. I m sure Mrs. Lynde can pray every bit as well as Superintendent Bell and I ve no doubt she could preach too with a little practice." "Yes, I believe she could," said Marilla dryly. "She does plenty of unofficial preaching as it is. Nobody has much of a chance to go wrong in Avonlea with Rachel to oversee them." 小川でさえも for not even a brook could run past Mrs. Rachel Lynde s door without due regard for decency and decorum という第1章のはじめのパラグラフを思い出すCHAPTER I with impression Mrs. Rachel Lynde is Surprised "Marilla," said Anne in a burst of confidence, "I want to tell you something and ask you what you think about it. It has worried me terribly--on Sunday afternoons, that is, when I think specially about such matters. I do really want to be good; and when I m with you or Mrs. Allan or Miss Stacy 「you」はっきり言いますねえ、アン I want it more than ever and I want to do just what would please you and what you would approve of. But mostly when I m with Mrs. Lynde I feel desperately wicked and as if I wanted to go and do the very thing she tells me I oughtn t to do. I feel irresistibly tempted to do it. Now, what do you think is the reason I feel like that? Do you think it s because I m really bad and unregenerate?" 「unregenerate」更生（改宗）しない；罪深い；強情な。これはbig wordではない？ Marilla looked dubious for a moment. Then she laughed. "If you are I guess I am too, Anne, for Rachel often has that very effect on me. I sometimes think she d have more of an influence for good, as you say yourself, if she didn t keep nagging people to do right. There should have been a special commandment against nagging. 「commandment」戒律 But there, I shouldn t talk so. Rachel is a good Christian woman and she means well. 「mean」重要である。こんな意味もあっただなんて…… There isn t a kinder soul in Avonlea 「kinder」= kind of やや、ちょっと、どちらかというと and she never shirks her share of work." "I m very glad you feel the same," said Anne decidedly. "It s so encouraging. I shan t worry so much over that after this. But I dare say there ll be other things to worry me. They keep coming up new all the time--things to perplex you, you know. 「perplex you, you know」はじめのyouは一般の人を指すyouで、後のyouは、そういうふうに解釈もできるでしょうけど、you knowで相槌の「ね」（関西なら「やんか」かしら？） You settle one question and there s another right after. There are so many things to be thought over and decided when you re beginning to grow up. It keeps me busy all the time thinking them over and deciding what is right. It s a serious thing to grow up, isn t it, Marilla? But when I have such good friends as you and Matthew and Mrs. Allan and Miss Stacy I ought to grow up successfully, and I m sure it will be my own fault if I don t. I feel it s a great responsibility because I have only the one chance. If I don t grow up right I can t go back and begin over again. I ve grown two inches this summer, Marilla. いつと比べて2インチ伸びたんでしょう？夏休みが終わったあとのこのおしゃべりの文脈では、夏の2ヶ月で2インチ伸びたという意味かと思っていたのですが、よく考えると、ルビーの誕生会は夏休みに入ってすぐにあったので（「Ruby Gillis is going to have a birthday party soon」と先学期の終了日にマリラに話しているCHAPTER XXX with impression The Queens Class Is Organized）、これは、この夏に測ってもらったら、去年に比べて2インチも伸びたと言っている、と解釈するほうがいいのかもしれません。でも、それなら2インチ（約5センチ）伸びでもあまり自慢にならないような気もしますが Mr. Gillis measured me at Ruby s party. I m so glad you made my new dresses longer. That dark-green one is so pretty and it was sweet of you to put on the flounce. 「flounce」松本訳注第31章(4) p. 523参照 Of course I know it wasn t really necessary, but flounces are so stylish this fall and Josie Pye has flounces on all her dresses. I know I ll be able to study better because of mine. I shall have such a comfortable feeling deep down in my mind about that flounce." "It s worth something to have that," admitted Marilla. ここまでが、かばんを開けて教科書を出してきた日の会話（8月の終わりか9月のはじめ） Miss Stacy came back to Avonlea school and found all her pupils eager for work once more. Especially did the Queen s class gird up their loins for the fray, 「gird up one s loins」しっかり帯を締める → 準備する 「gird up their loins」松本訳注第31章(5) p. 523参照 for at the end of the coming year, dimly shadowing their pathway already, loomed up that fateful thing known as "the Entrance," at the thought of which one and all felt their hearts sink into their very shoes. 英語では、心臓が靴の中に沈み込むほど、と感じるようですね。日本語ではどうなるんでしょう……。考えると、心臓が締めつけられる、とか、どきどきする、とか、かしら Suppose they did not pass! That thought was doomed to haunt Anne through the waking hours of that winter, Sunday afternoons inclusive, to the almost entire exclusion of moral and theological problems. 「... inclusive, to ... exclusion of」意味が逆のコトバをすぐ近くに置いてめりはりをつけている。意味が逆でも発音に似ているところがあるから、たぶん耳で聞いても心地よいに違いありません 「to the exclusion of」～を除外してしまうほど。アンにとって、日曜学校での道徳や教義の問題はかなり重要であったことが逆にわかる When Anne had bad dreams she found herself staring miserably at pass lists of the Entrance exams, where Gilbert Blythe s name was blazoned at the top and in which hers did not appear at all. But it was a jolly, busy, happy swift-flying winter. Schoolwork was as interesting, class rivalry as absorbing, as of yore. New worlds of thought, feeling, and ambition, fresh, fascinating fields of unexplored knowledge seemed to be opening out before Anne s eager eyes. "Hills peeped o er hill and Alps on Alps arose." 「Hills peeped o er hill and Alps on Alps arose.」松本訳注第31章(6) p. 523参照 Much of all this was due to Miss Stacy s tactful, careful, broadminded guidance. She led her class to think and explore and discover for themselves and encouraged straying from the old beaten paths to a degree that quite shocked Mrs. Lynde and the school trustees, who viewed all innovations on established methods rather dubiously. このあたりのMiss Stacyの教育方法には、モードの教育観が出ているように思える Apart from her studies Anne expanded socially, for Marilla, mindful of the Spencervale doctor s dictum, no longer vetoed occasional outings. ここで、マリラがアンに許している行動は「a little girl」に対するものではなくなっている The Debating Club flourished and gave several concerts; there were one or two parties almost verging on grown-up affairs; there were sleigh drives and skating frolics galore. ここまでが、9月の新学期から真冬までのアンの学校と放課後 Betweentimes Anne grew, shooting up so rapidly that Marilla was astonished one day, when they were standing side by side, to find the girl was taller than herself. "Why, Anne, how you ve grown!" she said, almost unbelievingly. A sigh followed on the words. Marilla felt a queer regret over Anne s inches. The child she had learned to love had vanished somehow and here was this tall, serious-eyed girl of fifteen, 15歳。ということは、3月の誕生日を過ぎた後。しかし、［つづきは下へ］ with the thoughtful brows and the proudly poised little head, in her place. Marilla loved the girl as much as she had loved the child, but she was conscious of a queer sorrowful sense of loss. And that night, when Anne had gone to prayer meeting with Diana, Marilla sat alone in the wintry twilight and indulged in the weakness of a cry. ［上からのつづき］「wintry」= wintery。なので、まだ寒い日のできごと。アンの3月の誕生日は、まだ、冬といっていいときなので（13歳の誕生日は雪がある CHAPTER XXVI with impression The Story Club Is Formed ）、矛盾はしない。3月の下旬か4月上旬と考えるのが自然かしら Matthew, coming in with a lantern, caught her at it and gazed at her in such consternation that Marilla had to laugh through her tears. "I was thinking about Anne," she explained. "She s got to be such a big girl-- 「such a big girl」little girlではなくなった and she ll probably be away from us next winter. I ll miss her terrible." "She ll be able to come home often," comforted Matthew, to whom Anne was as yet and always would be the little, eager girl he had brought home from Bright River on that June evening four years before. "The branch railroad will be built to Carmody by that time." 「The branch railroad will be built to Carmody by that time.」松本訳注第31章(7) p. 524参照 "It won t be the same thing as having her here all the time," sighed Marilla gloomily, determined to enjoy her luxury of grief uncomforted. "But there--men can t understand these things!" モードは、まだ独身 ここまでが、アンの誕生日が過ぎた晩冬。日本の季節なら春 There were other changes in Anne no less real than the physical change. 「There were other changes in Anne no less real than the physical change.」松本訳注第31章(8) p. 524参照 For one thing, she became much quieter. Perhaps she thought all the more and dreamed as much as ever, but she certainly talked less. Marilla noticed and commented on this also. "You don t chatter half as much as you used to, Anne, nor use half as many big words. What has come over you?" 以下の会話でもアンはpage-longというほど話さない。この章のはじめは長く話しているのと対照的（「I feel just like studying with might and main」からはじまるおしゃべりは、まだ、長いし、コトバがコトバを生むおしゃべりになっている） Anne colored and laughed a little, 「colored and laughed a little」こういう細かな描写がアンの成長を表わしてもいる as she dropped her book and looked dreamily out of the window, where big fat red buds were bursting out on the creeper in response to the lure of the spring sunshine. "I don t know--I don t want to talk as much," she said, denting her chin thoughtfully with her forefinger. "It s nicer to think dear, pretty thoughts and keep them in one s heart, like treasures. I don t like to have them laughed at or wondered over. And somehow I don t want to use big words any more. It s almost a pity, isn t it, now that I m really growing big enough to say them if I did want to. It s fun to be almost grown up in some ways, but it s not the kind of fun I expected, Marilla. 「I m always going to talk to little girls as if they were too, and I ll never laugh when they use big words.」とCHAPTER XVIII with impression? Anne to the Rescue でアンが言っているように、big wordsを使う子供はいるかもしれないけれども、やっぱり大人も使わない There s so much to learn and do and think that there isn t time for big words. Besides, Miss Stacy says the short ones are much stronger and better. She makes us write all our essays as simply as possible. ステイシー先生の言葉を借りて、モードの言語観（というか常識）が述べられている。しかし、この Anne of Green Gables を書き、アンに big words をいっぱいしゃべらせて、モードの抑えている非常識的な部分を、自由に表現したに違いない It was hard at first. I was so used to crowding in all the fine big words I could think of--and I thought of any number of them. But I ve got used to it now and I see it s so much better." "What has become of your story club? I haven t heard you speak of it for a long time." 事件だったり出来事だったりを思い出させ、また、きちんと回答を用意するところ、モードの性格が出ているのかもしれません。だからこそ、アンのやらかした（ちょっとはちゃめちゃな）ことが、より面白いエピソードとなるのかもしれません "The story club isn t in existence any longer. We hadn t time for it--and anyhow I think we had got tired of it. It was silly to be writing about love and murder and elopements and mysteries. Miss Stacy sometimes has us write a story for training in composition, but she won t let us write anything but what might happen in Avonlea in our own lives, and she criticizes it very sharply and makes us criticize our own too. I never thought my compositions had so many faults until I began to look for them myself. I felt so ashamed I wanted to give up altogether, but Miss Stacy said I could learn to write well if I only trained myself to be my own severest critic. And so I am trying to." アヴォンリーでありそうなことを物語にする。まさに、これがこの「赤毛のアン」。恋愛や殺人、駆け落ち、秘密といったことは大っぴらにはない。しかし、アンには big words をたくさん話させ、アヴォンリーではありえそうもないお話を劇中劇のように作らせ、単純明快ではない恋愛の微妙な気持ちや、小さな秘密をたくさん書き込んでいる。 2007年7月29日追記 "You ve only two more months before the Entrance," said Marilla. 試験は7月のはじめなので、この会話は5月とわかる。moreは、あと、とか、さらに、とか、そんな追加があるよと強める意味でしかないので、だいたい2ヶ月ということでしょう "Do you think you ll be able to get through?" Anne shivered. "I don t know. Sometimes I think I ll be all right--and then I get horribly afraid. We ve studied hard and Miss Stacy has drilled us thoroughly, but we mayn t get through for all that. We ve each got a stumbling block. Mine is geometry of course, and Jane s is Latin, and Ruby and Charlie s is algebra, and Josie s is arithmetic. Moody Spurgeon says he feels it in his bones that he is going to fail in English history. 英国史！ もちろんカナダにとって重要なのはわかります Miss Stacy is going to give us examinations in June just as hard as we ll have at the Entrance and mark us just as strictly, so we ll have some idea. I wish it was all over, Marilla. It haunts me. Sometimes I wake up in the night and wonder what I ll do if I don t pass." "Why, go to school next year and try again," said Marilla unconcernedly. 「unconcernedly」おとなはちょっと冷たい反応をしがち。それが逆に心配させない方向に働くこともあるのですが "Oh, I don t believe I d have the heart for it. It would be such a disgrace to fail, especially if Gil--if the others passed. And I get so nervous in an examination that I m likely to make a mess of it. I wish I had nerves like Jane Andrews. Nothing rattles her." Anne sighed and, dragging her eyes from the witcheries of the spring world, 「witcheries」（女性の）魅力。春は英語では女性とみなされる？ the beckoning day of breeze and blue, 「blue」青空 and the green things upspringing in the garden, 「upspring」わきあがる。なんだかんだとこの章では、springの単語をモチーフにして話がすすんでいるようです buried herself resolutely in her book. There would be other springs, but if she did not succeed in passing the Entrance, Anne felt convinced that she would never recover sufficiently to enjoy them. ここまでが、5月の会話 ということで、ほぼ1年があっという間に過ぎた1章 CHAPTER XXX UP CHAPTER XXXII 21 22 July 2007 29 July 2007 追記 今日 - | 昨日 - | Total - since 21 July 2007 last update 2007-07-29 22 42 48 (Sun)
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MUGEN極道界の頂点獲ッたらぁ！ あらすじ 抗争で敗れたベガはサイコドライブを起動、復活した。 しかし溢れ出したサイコパワーの奔流は時を加速させ、世界を一巡させてしまう。 これまでの抗争で散った侠たちも再び黄泉返る。 ここに第三次MUGEN抗争が始まろうとしていた。 解説 MUGEN極道界の抗争を描いた大会が帰ってきた。 今回は既存のメンバーを中心に組を再び一から組みなおして行われる。 なお今回は旗揚げ編は省略されているがメンバー決めの為に予め動画外で行われている。 前シリーズとは基本ルールは変わらないが新しい要素も追加されている。 ルール 組織対抗戦。ランセレでカチコミを行いシノギを削る。 構成員が2名以下になった組織は解散。 最後まで残った組織の組長が優勝。 ステータスについて 組織内はSP（シノギポイント）にて順位付けされる。勝てば＋2SP、負ければ－1SP。 10SPごとにLife100、Attack10のボーナスあり。 －10SPで粛清対象。 SPに応じ組織内の肩書きが与えられる。 予選の戦績がすでに反映され各組織構成員の現状SPが予め決定されている。 肩書き SPなど組織内の立ち位置に応じ肩書きが与えられる。1番SPが多い→ 組長 （構成員数×2SPのSPボーナス） 2番目にSPが多い→ 若頭 （構成員数×1SPのSPボーナス） 構成員で一番SPが低い→ 鉄砲玉（NEW！！） （Life－200、Attack＋20） 他組織から移籍→ 外様 （構成員数×－0.5SPのSPボーナス） 組長・若頭の肩書き持ちの構成員と下位の構成員のSPが並ぶと下剋上が発生。肩書きを賭けて1R先取のタイマンとなる。 下剋上タイマン 下剋上タイマンで勝てば肩書きを獲得（もしくは維持）、さらに 「任侠魂」（NEW！！） を二つ入手できる。 負ければ下剋上専用の落とし前をとることになる 外様が組長まで上り詰めた場合 組織乗っ取り となり、 組織名が変更となる 。 下剋上専用落とし前 舎弟化 勝者キャラの舎弟となる。以後は勝者キャラより上の肩書きは名乗れなくなる（NEW！！） 相談役就任 相談役となり、組長・若頭にはなれなくなる 寝返り いずれかの組織に 外様 として編入 破門 組織から破門されリザーバーに編入。（戦績リセット（NEW！！）） 粛清（NEW！！） 大会から完全に敗退 カチコミ カチコミ形式は「チーム戦」「タッグ」「タイマン」の3形式。 7組織から相手を決定して・・・それぞれの参戦者を選出する。チーム戦の場合、参戦順序はSPの低い順に並べ替えられる。 落とし前ポイント 落とし前ポイントは★で表現され、敗北条件に応じて★が加算。★が3つたまると落とし前となる。 落とし前をつけると★は2つ消える。 ★加算事由 いずれも敗北側組織でタイマン、タッグ時にストレート負け。 3VS3時に1人もKOできなかった場合（各キャラクターごとに判定） 落とし前内容 破門 組織から破門されリザーバーに編入（戦績リセット（NEW！！）） 不問 特になし 寝返り いずれかの組織に 外様 として編入 粛清（NEW！！） 大会から完全に敗退 動画の流れ 1回の動画でカチコミ4セットを行い、のちに強制イベント1セットを実施する。 強制イベントは3つのうちいずれかが行われる（強制イベントの結果は落とし前ポイントの対象外）。 なお強制イベントが行われるのは組織数が4以上残っている状態のみ。生き残り組織数が3になった地点で強制イベントは終了となり以後行われなくなる。 強制イベント 構成員勧誘 リザーバーと構成員の誰かがタイマン。勝てば対戦相手が構成員として加入する。但し勧誘できるのは1つの組織につき最大3名まで（寝返りはノーカウント）。組長が変更になった場合、3名枠を使い切っていた場合に限り1名枠追加される。 ガサイレ 日本最大の暴力機構、 桜田門組 によるガサイレ。3対3のチーム戦だがPart.10以降は 警視庁長官方針 により3対1の対決になる。 任侠魂鍛錬（NEW！！） 任侠とはなにか。ファンタジー相手に、魂を鍛える。勝てば 任侠魂 をひとつ入手できる。 任侠魂とは（NEW！！） 任侠魂 はイベント戦以外にも気合いを見せればついてくる。 魂でひとつでAttack＋10UP。重複もあり。 ★が追加される場面で任侠魂を保持している場合任侠魂を1つ失う代わりに★追加免除となる。 任侠魂獲得条件 任侠魂鍛錬で勝利。 ヒラ構成員あるいは鉄砲玉がタイマンで敵若頭あるいは組長を下した場合。 チーム戦で3タテ行った場合。 桜田門撃退。（参戦者全員×1） 下剋上達成あるいは阻止。（×2） 組織の解散について 組織の構成員が2人以下になるとその組織は解散となる。 組織の解散が発生した際残された構成員は解散専用ランセレで身を振ってもらうことになる。 解散用ランセレ内容 野に下る リザーバーに編入（破門時同様戦績リセット（NEW！！）） 敵軍門に下る いずれかの組織に 外様 として編入 粛清（NEW！！） 大会から完全に敗退 頂上決戦 + ネタバレ注意！！ 抗争に生き残った2組織が争う最終決戦。SPの低い順から4on4のチーム戦で行われる。 1セット終了地点で負けた組の構成員は脱落、勝利した組の構成員は体力全快で次回セットに持ち越せる。 先に全ての構成員を撃破した組織が MUGEN極道界の頂点（優勝） となる。 出場組織 + ... 組織名 構成員 肩書き 製作者 AI製作者 備考 轟斗組 暴君 ゴート 組長 日本破壊結社NHK氏 わくわく氏 Lv.5 初期Attack80 再生怪人 トリガー 若頭 mass氏 NS氏 Lv.5 ノーマルゲージ 光裂く閃影 ディカープリ pullo氏 NS氏 Lv.5 元・警官 レオーネ・アバッキオ あまりもの氏 デフォルトAI Lv.11 闘いの殉教者 グラント 虻蜂氏 デフォルトAI Lv.6 初期Attack85 超熱血漢 ジン・サオトメ 信遊亀氏 ガンホール氏 Lv.2 スパイスガールズ トリッシュ・ウナ あまりもの氏 デフォルトAI Lv.8 悪落ち 洗脳された高嶺響 鉄砲玉 kmym氏 デフォルトAI 原作再現（？） 鳴神組 番長 鳴上悠 番長 全俺氏 デフォルトAI Lv.4 虐殺の交響曲 ルガール・バーンシュタイン 若頭 悪咲3号氏 yuki氏 EX固定 Lv.10 太い男 松尾象山 ですからー氏 デフォルトAI Lv.6 ダイヤモンドは砕けない 東方仗助 280号氏 デフォルトAI 初期Attack70 赤きサイクロン ザンギエフ（兄） MASA＠DAS氏 rei氏 初期Life1100 宇宙逆転よゆうッチ ユリ・サカザキ エス氏 デフォルトAI Lv.10 蠱惑の裁断 バイス or2=3氏 ヅァギ氏 Lv.9 恥知らずの紫煙 パンナコッタ・フーゴ 鉄砲玉 あまりもの氏 森の中氏（同梱） Lv.11 蔵兎座組 闇の帝王 ヴォルフガング・クラウザー 組長 虻蜂氏 デフォルトAI 1LINE固定 Lv.5 復活の総帥 ベガ 若頭 P.o.t.s氏 misobon_ism氏 6Pカラー 最年少チャンピオン 範馬刃牙 tokage氏 デフォルトAI 私刑執行人 山崎竜二 虻蜂氏 デフォルトAI 1LINE固定 Lv.6 初期Attack85 彼岸の剣客 不律 みきた氏 斑鳩氏 Lv.8 武神 愚地独歩 tokage氏 デフォルトAI Lv.10 初期Life1100 蹴撃の麗人 キング NS氏 デフォルトAI Lv.5 地獄兄弟 矢車想 鉄砲玉 Jaki氏 デフォルトAI Lv.8 出母音亜組 S級女子高生 竜子2nd 組長 OGGY氏 デフォルトAI 初期Attack80 警官殺し ハリー・ネス 若頭 NS氏 デフォルトAI Lv.6 切り裂き通り魔 チョイ・ボンゲ Noobic Cube氏 デフォルトAI Lv.6 Ms.下剋上 アオバ ぐり氏 デフォルトAI 黄金の風 ジョルノ・ジョバァーナ あまりもの氏 デフォルトAI Lv.11 初期Attack90 鉄球大暴走 チャン・コーハン Le＠n氏 溝星氏 Lv.2 緋炎の昇龍 ケン MASA＠DAS氏 rei氏 1st 白面の悪魔 ミステリアス・ブドー 鉄砲玉 ですからー氏 デフォルトAI Lv.7 慙愧一家 兄より優れた弟 ザンギエフ（弟） 組長 悪咲3号氏 大艦氏 EX固定 初期Life1100（最新版非対応） 純潔の太刀筋 覚醒した高嶺響 若頭 蔦影氏 デフォルトAI 初期Attack90 戦慄の嘘発見器 ブローノ・ブチャラティ yoroko氏 森の中氏 Lv.7 初期Life700 ザ・グレイトフル・デッド プロシュート兄貴 あまりもの氏 デフォルトAI Lv.11 Life1100 拳銃使い グイード・ミスタ あまりもの氏 デフォルトAI Lv.8 初期Life800 ラディカル・グッド・スピード ストレイト・クーガー いの氏 GURI氏 初期Life700 第4区画の黒い翼 クール mass氏 流れ者氏 初期Attack110 ノーマルゲージ 伝説の男 ダン 鉄砲玉 P.o.t.s氏 misobon_ism氏 針宇怒組 正義の鉄槌 キャプテンコマンドー 組長 悪咲3号氏 HEESEY氏 EX固定 復讐鬼 神無月輝美 若頭 NS氏 デフォルトAI Lv.5 喧嘩屋 シェン・ウー アフロン氏 ちぃたま氏 Lv.5 狂える猛牛 D・バイソン キャノン娘氏 デフォルトAI 初期Attack120 喧嘩百段 溝口誠 とけい氏 NS氏 Lv.3 戦う州知事 ダッチ・シェーファー ですからー氏 デフォルトAI Lv.7 無頼漢 ヤシャオウ 日本破壊結社NHK氏 ガンホール氏 Lv.1 初期Attack80 大凶魔奴義亜 ソドム 鉄砲玉 ですからー氏 デフォルトAI Lv.10 初期Life1100 覇印羅院 暗黒真空拳 カイン・R・ハインライン 院長 虻蜂氏 デフォルトAI Lv.6 復讐の紫炎 八神庵 若頭 or2=3氏 斑鳩氏 Lv.5（※AI公開停止に伴いPart.20で離脱） 夢想抜刀流 タキ NS氏 デフォルトAI Lv.5 男 ダルトン 日本破壊結社NHK氏 わくわく氏 Lv.3 暗黒街の支配者 ギース・ハワード P.o.t.s氏 misobon_ism氏 6Pカラー 兇眼のエージェント 塞 みきた氏 はっぱ氏 ダガー氏パッチ入り Lv.3 黒龍会 カノウ Binho-RJ氏 究極神軒氏 暗黒街の臥龍 ルチオ・ロッシ 鉄砲玉 mass氏 おまけの人氏 ノーマルゲージ + リザーバー リザーバー リザーバー名 製作者 AI製作者 備考 地上最強の生物 範馬勇次郎 tokage氏 デフォルトAI リザーバー枠が0の時のみ勧誘可能 キョグギン・サギザザ ゴ・バダー・バ KEI166氏 デフォルトAI ラブリンハンター バレッタ KoopaKoot氏 馬の骨氏 Lv.3 バイツァ・ダスト 川尻浩作 あまりもの氏 デフォルトAI Lv.12 爆弾職人（13才♀） Tiny Rabbit Fluffy maitake氏 デフォルトAI Lv.4 不動産王 カルロス NS氏 デフォルトAI Lv.6（八神庵のAI公開停止によりPart.21より代打で緊急参戦） + 任侠魂闘魂者 任侠魂闘魂者 闘魂者名 製作者 AI製作者 備考 愛の伝道師 ザビー googoo64氏 デフォルトAI 初回のみLife500 東京受胎 人修羅 ÷ゆうき÷氏 ガラクタ集め氏 Lv.1 ジュノ大公国初代大公 カムラナート おかん氏 デフォルトAI Lv.1 デルバーニャ・ポテポタ まるるん Inverse氏 わくわく氏 Lv.4 大地に咲く一輪の花 キュアブロッサム Marisya氏 つづら氏 ガードレベル5 堪忍袋普通 魔神 アルダー はぐれ者氏 デフォルトAI Lv.5 第19番目の使徒 ヤッテヤルデス おつかい氏 デフォルトAI Lv.5 他初期値 + 日本最大の暴力機構、 桜田門組 日本最大の暴力機構、 桜田門組 降龍 -リュウ（降龍仕様） 製作者：N-Mario氏 AI：デフォルト 巨人 -ウルトラマン 製作者：くまさお氏 AI：デフォルト Life1500,Attack50 健全ロボ -ジャスティス 製作者：無敵医師氏 AI製作者：ナテルオ氏（Lv10） Life1500 メイン盾 -ブロントさん 製作者：ﾘｭｰｻﾝ氏 AI製作者：Geros氏（Lv10） 他ステータス初期値のまま 暗黒父 - 警視庁長官 ダース・ベイダー 製作者：googoo64氏 AI：鳳凰天空舞氏（Lv10） Attack200 天帝 -ギル 製作者：GM氏 AI：KELN氏 AI初期値（いろいろMAX） （※）Part.10以降は警視庁長官の方針により全構成員のステータスが強化される （降龍以外）。 + オマケミニゲーム 主に 粛清 となってしまった構成員が参加するミニゲーム（Part.29より開催）。 次々と現れるクローンヤクザ（nboj氏製作 デフォルトAI 12P）を時間内に何人殺せるかを競う。 関連大会 仁義なき戦い 仁義なき戦い MUGEN死闘編 仁義なき戦い 桜田門の変 ニンジャスレイヤー ジャドー・コン（番外編） 仁義なき戦い4 コメント 今回も早速作成～完走期待してる～よ～ -- 名無しさん (2014-08-10 12 29 09) うぉっほう！ -- うｐ主 (2014-08-11 13 41 07) 興奮して手が滑った。早速記事作成ありがとうございます！本当毎回お手数をおかけして申し訳ございません。完走目指してがんばります！ -- うｐ主 (2014-08-11 13 42 05) 名前 コメント マイリスト
https://w.atwiki.jp/duelarena/pages/162.html
パートナー一覧＞名前 テキスト A speedy knight who battles by two lances. "Spiral Spear Strike" blow through your enemy! This deck mainly consists of monsters who have the name "Gaia" on them. They can damage the opponent s monsters with penetration effect. 和訳 (翻訳募集) 概要 デッキ名：Spiral Spear Strike 入手条件：イベント 初期RP：5 レア度：SUPER 解説 デッキの特徴を書く。 デッキ内容 モンスター(24枚) 枚数 カード名 種類 星 属性 種族 攻撃力 守備力 備考 3 暗黒騎士ガイア 通常 7 闇 戦士 2300 2100 3 疾風の暗黒騎士ガイア 効果 7 闇 戦士 2300 2100 3 カース・オブ・ドラゴン 通常 5 闇 ドラゴン 2000 1500 3 砦を守る翼竜 通常 4 風 ドラゴン 1400 1200 3 フェアリー・ドラゴン 通常 4 風 ドラゴン 1100 1200 3 沼地の魔神王 効果 3 水 水 500 1100 3 火炎草 通常 2 地 植物 700 600 3 プチリュウ 通常 2 風 ドラゴン 600 700 魔法(12枚) 枚数 カード名 種類 備考 3 螺旋槍殺 永続 3 凡骨の意地 永続 3 融合 通常 3 リロード 速攻 罠(4枚) 2 メテオ・レイン 通常 2 竜の逆鱗 永続 エクストラデッキ(12枚) 枚数 カード名 種類 星 属性 種族 攻撃力 守備力 備考 3 F･G･D 融合 12 闇 ドラゴン 5000 5000 3 カイザー・ドラゴン 融合 7 光 ドラゴン 2300 2000 3 竜騎士ガイア 融合 7 風 ドラゴン 2600 2100 3 暗黒火炎竜 融合 4 闇 ドラゴン 1500 1250 サイドデッキ(3枚) 枚数 カード名 種類 星 属性 種族 攻撃力 守備力 備考 3 融合解除 速攻
https://w.atwiki.jp/xboxonescore/pages/1242.html
Let s Sing Queen 項目数：10 総ポイント：1000 難易度：★☆☆☆☆ 日本のカラオケの採点ほど厳しくなく大分アバウトなので、よほど音程を外さなければある程度は取れるが、コンプを狙う場合は少なくともソングリストの6割程度の曲を覚える必要はある。英語はわりと適当でもOK。 ほとんどの曲はAmazon Prime MusicやSpotifyなどの音楽サブスクサービスやYoutubeにあるので、プレイリストを作って普段から聞くようにするとプレイ時間を効率化できる。 実績の項目、内容は Let s Sing 2021や2021と全く同じ。当たり前だが、アーティストはQueenのみなので、Queenがもとから好きであれば楽勝だが、好きじゃなければ苦行。 最初の夜 ブロンズレコードを1個獲得した 25 多ジャンル 15曲歌った 25 ファミリーの成長 3つのアバターを獲得した 50 最初の日々 ゴールドレコードを5個獲得した 50 ネットの有名人 WORLD CONTESTのマッチで5勝した 100 最初の栄光 ダイアモンドレコードを10個獲得した 100 巨匠 CLASSICモードを50%完了した 150 収集家 MIXTAPEモードを50%完了した 150 燃えるデュオ FEAT.モードを50%完了した 150 スーパースター レベル25に到達した 200 〜を50%完了した系 星の数が進捗になるので、ダイアモンドやプラチナを取れなくてもリストの曲の多くをゴールドで埋めていけば取れる。 最初の栄光 CLASSICモードよりもFEAT.モードのほうが取りやすい。曲の最後をフレディが歌ってくれる曲は最後にスコアが上がる。
https://w.atwiki.jp/hmiku/pages/58011.html
【検索用 TonightintheRain 登録タグ 2015年 Bibi Chiquewa Keishi T T.Ito VOCALOID sahara 巡音ルカ 曲 曲英 環ネコP】 + 目次 目次 曲紹介 歌詞 コメント 作詞：環ネコP 作曲：sahara 編曲：環ネコP Guitar：Chiquewa Mix＆Mast：T.Ito Movie：Bibi Illust：Keishi 唄：巡音ルカ 曲紹介 "Hold me tonight in the rain..." 曲名：『Tonight in the Rain』 作者曰く、この曲でしっとりと梅雨の季節を彩ろうと思ったとのこと。 歌詞 （piaproより転載） I just want you to Hold me tonight in the rain Baby you mean so much to me If only you were here I'm almost shedding a tear Every day, can't run away from Thinking about you All the little things you do to me Take me even higher You're my one desire Waiting for you, I believe truly We're perfect together We are strongly tethered One of a kind, you are mine, yes you're mine Am I too blind or insecure? All that I find is that I can't rewind Each moment, each second, each minute, each hour of the day Spent without you I just cannot bear Don't you go anywhere I just want you to Hold me tonight in the rain Baby you mean so much to me If only you were here I'm almost shedding a tear Every day, can't run away from Thinking about you Ease off my plight and my pain Baby I crave your touch, you see Wish you were by my side Counting the tears that I've cried Every night the stars are bright I'm dreaming about you Are you asleep or are you awake? Pick up the phone baby You're just driving me crazy Are your I-love-you's true or just fake? Come give me an answer The air is getting denser One of a kind, you were mine, you were mine Am I too blind or insecure? All that I find is that I can't rewind Each moment, each second, each minute, each hour of the day Spent without you I just cannot deal Hoping this isn't real I just want you to Hold me tonight in the rain Baby you mean so much to me If only you were here I'm almost shedding a tear Every day, can't run away from Thinking about you Ease off my plight and my pain Baby I crave your touch, you see Wish you were by my side Counting the tears that I've cried Every night the stars are bright I'm dreaming about you I don't want you to make me feel this way Don't ever go away コメント 名前 コメント コメントを書き込む際の注意 コメント欄は匿名で使用できる性質上、荒れやすいので、 以下の条件に該当するようなコメントは削除されることがあります。 コメントする際は、絶対に目を通してください。 暴力的、または卑猥な表現・差別用語（Wiki利用者に著しく不快感を与えるような表現） 特定の個人・団体の宣伝または批判 （曲紹介ページにおいて）歌詞の独自解釈を展開するコメント、いわゆる“解釈コメ” 長すぎるコメント 『歌ってみた』系動画や、歌い手に関する話題 「カラオケで歌えた」「学校で流れた」などの曲に直接関係しない、本来日記に書くようなコメント カラオケ化、カラオケ配信等の話題 同一人物によると判断される連続・大量コメント Wikiの保守管理は有志によって行われています。 Wikiを気持ちよく利用するためにも、上記の注意事項は守って頂くようにお願いします。
https://w.atwiki.jp/shooto/pages/2073.html
修斗5月伝説 THE LEGEND of THE MAY 発売日：2010/11/19収録時間：180分名勝負続出となった20周年の最終章そして新時代の扉を開いた2010年修斗の底力を見せつけた伝説の5月大会2年に渡るJCBホールでのビッグマッチ「修斗伝承 ROAD TO 20th ANNIVERSARY FINAL」「The Way of SHOOTO ～Like a Tiger Like a Dragon～」とをカップリング！ 収録試合 修斗伝承 ROAD TO 20th ANNIVERSARY FINAL2009年5月10日 東京・JCBホールフライ級 5分2R藤井 惠 vs チェ・ウンプンライト級 5分2R西浦”ウィッキー”聡生 vs 太田拓己ウェルター級 5分3R朴 光哲vs ウエタ ユウウェルター級 5分3R富樫健一郎 vs 加藤鉄史ウェルター級 5分3R廣田瑞人 vs 石田光洋ウェルター級 5分3R遠藤雄介 vs ヴィラミー・シケリムウェルター級 5分3R中蔵隆志 vs 五味隆典世界ライト級チャンピオンシップ 5分3Rリオン武 vs 佐藤ルミナ The Way of SHOOTO ～Like a Tiger Like a Dragon～2010年5月30日東京・JCBホールライト級5分2R石渡伸太郎 vs 美木 航ウェルター級 5分3R朴 光哲 vs 児山佳宏フェザー級 5分3Rエドゥアウド・ダンタス vs 扇久保博正フェザー級 5分3R上田将勝 vs 田村彰敏62kg契約 5分3R佐藤ルミナ vs 松根良太世界バンタム級チャンピオン決定戦 5分3R漆谷康宏 vs 神酒龍一世界ウェルター級cチャンピオンシップ 5分3Rヴィラミー・シケリム vs 遠藤雄介世界ライト級チャンピオンシップ 5分3Rリオン武 vs 日沖 発
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Potatoes Annie NicholsPeter Myers Gifts Differing Understanding Personality Type Isabel Briggs Myers?Peter B. Myers? Potatoes Annie NicholsPeter Myers Potatoes From Mash to Fries Annie NicholsPeter Myers The Exact Mind An Artist With Asperger Syndrome Peter MyersSimon Baron-Cohen?Sally Wheelwright? Fur Den Burger The Role of Christian Schubart's Deutsche Chronik in the Development of a Political Public Sphere (German Life and Civilization, Vol. 6) Michael Myers? Families As Educators for Global Citizenship Judith A. Myers-Walls?Peter Somlai?Robert N. Rapoport? Let a Viking Do It Hagar and Family Illustrate the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Peter Malone? Shakespeare's Mannerist Canon Ut Picturae Poemata (Literature and the Visual Arts, Vol 2) Jeffrey Rayner Myers? Racial and Ethnic Economic Equality An International Perspective (American University Studies Series XVI, Economics) World Conference on Remedies to Racial a?Samuel L. Myers?Bruce P. Corrie? Yeats's Book of the Nineties Poetry, Politics, and Rhetoric (American University Studies. Series IV, English Language and Literature, Vol 161) Stephen W. Myers? At Hard Labor Inmate Labor at the Colorado State Penitentiary, 1871-1940 (American University Studies. Series IX, History, Vol 137) Elinor Myers McGinn? Professional Jsp Using Javaserver Pages, Servlets, Ejb, Jndi, Jdbc, Xml, Xslt. and Wml to Create Dynamic and Customizable Web Content (Programmer to Programmer) Danny Ayers?Timothy Briggs?Carl Burnham?Ari Halberstadt?Ray Haynes?Peter Henderson?Mac Holden?Sing Li?Dan Malks?Tom Myers? Life in the American Past Peter MyersRobert Hines?Rex Field? The Young Landlords Walter Dean Myers? Fast Sam, Cool Clyde, Stuff Walter Dean Myers? Our Only Star and Compass Locke and the Struggle for Political Rationality Peter C. Myers? Our Only Star and Compass Locke and the Struggle for Political Rationality Peter C. Myers? Potatoes From Pancakes to Pommes Frites Annie NicholsPeter Myers Neurochemical Analysis of the Conscious Brain Robert Durant Myers?Peter J. Knott? Of Time and Place American Figurative Art from the Corcoran Gallery Edward J. Nygren?Peter C. Marzio?Julie R. Myers?Corcoran Gallery of Art?Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service? Gifts Differing Understanding Personality Type Isabel Briggs Myers?Peter B. Myers? On Love and Marriage Robert J. Myers? Peter Norton's Guide to Q A 4 (Peter Norton Computing Series) Peter Norton?Dave Myers? Neurochemical Analysis of the Conscious Brain Voltammetry and Push-Pull Perfusion (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol 473) Robert D. Myers?Peter J. Knott? Dougal Dixon's Dinosaurs Dougal Dixon?Peter Dodson?Jack Myers? Northern Spain (Black Bee Walking Guides) Peter Ward?Trish Myers?Terence Keogh? The Rose's Kiss A Natural History of Flowers Peter Bernhardt?John Myers? Ultimate Cocktail Book (Cocktails) Bill Reavell?Neil Mersh?Peter MyersSandra Lane? Gaslighting in America A Pictorial Survey, 1815-1910 Denys Peter Myers? Murder in Hell's Corner (Peter and Georgia Marsh Mysteries) Amy Myers? Becoming an Addictions Counselor A Comprehensive Text Peter L. Myers? Murder in Friday Street (Peter Georgia Marsh) Amy Myers? State of the Internet 2001 William C. Myers?Charles W. Dyke?Peter Paraschos? Drugs and Society Glen R. Hanson?Peter J. Venturelli?Peter L. Myers? Becoming an Addictions Counselor A Comprehensive Text Peter L. Myers?Norman A. Salt? Zion Songster 1846 Peter D. Myers? Economics Explained Peter Maunder?Danny Myers?Nancy Wall?Roger LeRoy Miller? Content-Based College Esl Instruction Loretta F. Kasper?Marcia Babbitt?Rebecca Williams Mlynarczyk?Donna M. Brinton?Judith W. Rosenthal?Peter Mastera?Sharon Myers?Joy Egbert?David A. Tillyer?Louise S. Wood? Economics Explained Peter Maunder?Danny Myers?Nancy Wall?Roger LeRoy Miller? Darnell Rock Reporting Walter Dean Myers?Peter Francis James? Economics Explained Peter Maunder?Danny Myers?Nancy Wall? Knowing Me-Knowing You Peter Briggs Myers?Malcolm Goldsmith?Martin Wharton? Economics Explained Peter Maunder?Danny Myers?Nancy Wall?Roger LeRoy Miller? United States History Peter J. Myers? The Dream Bearer Walter Dean Myers?Peter Francis James? The Constant Couple, the Twin Rivals, the Recruiting Officer, the Beaux' Stratagem (World's Classics) George Farquhar?William Myers?Michael Cordner?Peter Holland?Martin Wiggins? The Constant Couple, the Twin Rivals, the Recruiting Officer, the Beaux' Stratagem (Oxford Drama Library) George Farquhar?William Myers?Michael Cordner?Peter Holland?Martin Wiggins? Visual History Images of Education Ulrike Mietzner?Kevin Myers? Reflections Through the Church's Year M. Hollings?Stephen Myers?Peter Edwards? The Nature of Computer Games Play As Semiosis (Digital Formations;, V. 16,) David Myers? Discover the Road Ahead Elgie Rodney?Amerongen?Alain Patrice Van?Byrne Peter?D Arienzo Sandra?Hickey Christina?Lambert Martin?McCrae Janet?Sappia Simona? Joseph Conrad Master Mariner The Novelist's Life At Sea, Based on a Previously Unpublished Study by Alan Villiers Mark Myers?Peter Villiers? Old Oldmeldrum Peter Myers Rice Krispies Peter D. Myers? Inarticulate Fluency Peter Myers Horse Sense Peter Huntington?Jane Myers?Elizabeth Owens? Double-edged Sword The Cult Of Bildung, Its Down-fall And Reconstitution In Fin-de-siecle... Perry Myers? Le Regime Politique Canadien Peter Malcolmson?Richard Myers? Our Only Star and Compass Peter C. Myers? The Japanese Informal Empire in China, 1895-1937 Peter Duus?Ramon H. Myers?Mark R. Peattie? The Japanese Wartime Empire, 1931-1945 Peter Duus?Ramon H. Myers?Mark R. Peattie? Economics Explained Peter Maunder?Danny Myers?Nancy Wall?Roger LeRoy Miller? Handbook for Boys A Novel Walter Dean Myers?Peter Francis James? Visual History Images Of Education Ulrike Mietzner?Kevin Myers?Nick Peim? The Outside Shot Walter Dean Myers? The Japanese Informal Empire in China, 1895-1937 Peter Duus?Ramon H. Myers?Mark R. Peattie? Peter Doig Terry R. Myers?Catherine Lampert?David Britt? Economics Explained Peter Maunder?Danny Myers?Nancy Wall?Roger LeRoy Miller? Tales of the Late, Ivan Petrovich Belkin, the Queen of Spades, the Captain's Daughter, Peter the Great'S, Blackamoor The Queen of Spades ; The Captain's Daughter ; Peter the Great's Blackamoor (Oxford World's Classics) Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin?Alan Myers?Andrew Kahn? The Righteous Revenge of Artemis Bonner Walter Dean Myers? Let a Viking Do It Hagar and Family Illustrate the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Peter Malone?Dik Brown? The Sound of "Finnegans Wake" Peter Myers Won't Know Till I Get There Walter Dean Myers?
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「今日を境に謎ロボは『謎』から解き放たれる・・・といいなぁ。」 解説 電波的な彼女彼氏他のトーナメントその5にて、ビルド（うｐ主）の出所祝いに駆けつけた ChronosらOne Must Fall 2097勢の要望により開催されることとなったスピンアウト的トーナメント。 その気合の入ったOPからは、うｐ主の 謎ロ ･･･もとい、One Must Fall 2097勢にかける熱い思いを感じ取ることができるだろう。 トーナメントはダブルイリミネーション形式によって進行されるので、彼らの戦いを存分に堪能しよう。 これまで 謎ロボ とばかり呼ばれてきた彼らの真の実力が今、ここに明らかにされる！？ 出場キャラクター Jaguar Shadow Thorn Pyros Electra Katana Shredder Flail Gargoyle Chronos Nova（シード） コメント 以外と強いのね。謎ﾛﾎﾞ -- 名無しさん (2009-04-09 16 02 52) ↑謎ロボじゃねぇ、ＯＭＦ2097だ -- 名無しさん (2009-04-09 17 10 30) 謎ロボはもうちょっとAIが強ければ・・・ -- 名無しさん (2009-04-09 17 37 15) でもこの大会の謎ｒいやOMF2097キャラはいい動きしてないか？うp主がAI作ったのかな -- 名無しさん (2009-04-09 17 46 57) このうｐ主はMUGEN初心者らしいからAIは作ってないんじゃね？ -- 名無しさん (2009-04-09 18 26 24) 本当にイイ動きだな。先が楽しみ -- 名無しさん (2009-04-09 19 07 21) 出た大会が特異なルールだからAI入ってるかわかりづらいし、元々いいAIが入ってたんだと思うｗ -- 名無しさん (2009-04-09 19 55 58) 謎ロボはもっと評価されるべき -- 名無しさん (2009-04-09 20 18 24) Flail強いなあ。 -- 名無しさん (2009-04-11 21 21 27) クロノスの無敵化は面白い超必だな。弱い弱いと嘆かれる１２辺りにアレンジしてみると面白いかもしれん -- 名無しさん (2009-04-11 21 43 25) みんなデザインが凝っててスキだな。特にFlailは他に類を見なくていい感じ -- 名無しさん (2009-04-11 21 50 07) Nova強いなあ。豊富な飛び道具に全地上判定とかＫＯＦラスボスを彷彿とさせる -- 名無しさん (2009-04-13 23 38 16) そりゃラスボスですから。 -- 名無しさん (2009-04-14 00 06 50) いつのまにか謎ロボ全部項目できてるなあ。すげえ。 -- 名無しさん (2009-04-16 13 59 15) ついに謎ロボが評価される時代が来たな -- 名無しさん (2009-04-16 20 16 58) 新作来た。おまけの紹介のおかげで、OMF勢の謎ベールが徐々に脱がされていく・・・といいなあ -- 名無しさん (2009-04-26 02 46 55) おｗｗｗまｗｗｗけｗｗｗ -- 名無しさん (2009-05-18 01 03 45) なんかもうFlailがかわいくて仕方ない。・・・ギジマユのことは置いておいてｗ -- 名無しさん (2009-05-22 13 01 23) 名前 コメント マイリスト 【ニコニコ動画】mugen動画
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【登録タグ CD CDF FELTCD】 サークル：FELT FELT 2nd Album そっと音を通わせ―—誰かの耳へ届いてほしい。 ヴォーカルトラック6曲を含む全12曲を収録。 01.White ruin infinite 02 Plan Doll 03 Brilliant World (Vocal Main Mix) 04.A Silent Voyager 05.C.O.D.E 06.蜃気楼 07 Snow Sound（Plugless） 08.a strangelogic 09 Sweet Nocturne 10 Daybreak Prelude 11 Endless Pain 12 You're the Shine （MZC Grandstreams House Mix） http //feltmusic.net/FELT002/